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https://agendaweb.org/exercises/verbs/present/affirmative-forms-1.htm

https://agendaweb.org/exercises/verbs/present/play-forms.htm

https://agendaweb.org/exercises/verbs/present/affirmative-quiz.html

https://agendaweb.org/exercises/verbs/present/affirmative-forms-2.htm

https://agendaweb.org/exercises/verbs/present/third-person-singular.html

https://agendaweb.org/exercises/verbs/present/third-person.htm

https://agendaweb.org/exercises/verbs/present-forms.htm

https://agendaweb.org/exercises/verbs/present/third-person-write-1.html

https://agendaweb.org/exercises/verbs/present/third-person-write-2.html

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Present simple exercises: pronouns and forms. Elementary level esl

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Valentine's Day

Olá!

Assista ao vídeo. Faça um breve resumo em seu caderno sobre as principais informações apresentadas nele. Apresente para sua professora em sala.

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Valentine's Day | Curiosidades, Dicas e Vocabulários

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Assista aos vídeos:

Presente simples:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfPw-_wRxyY

Presente Contínuo:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MQKwnl7WLDA

Passado Simples:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjovUrwfPF0

Resolva os exercícios:
1. To have: forms and pronouns - exercises (agendaweb.org)

2.To do questions: to 's or not to 's (agendaweb.org)

3. Questions with do or does - Exercise (englisch-hilfen.de)

4. Do or Does - Don't or Doesn't (web-esl.com)

5. Present progressive: positive, negative, questions (agendaweb.org)

6. Present continuous: wh- questions (agendaweb.org)

7. Present continuous - exercises - multiple choice (agendaweb.org)

8. Past simple: regular forms (agendaweb.org)

9. Past simple - exercises - regular verbs (agendaweb.org)

10. Past simple affirmative - write (agendaweb.org)

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SIMPLE PRESENT | Resumo de Inglês para o Enem

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Resolva os exercícios abaixo, clicando em cada link. Anote na Atividade 2, em campo próprio, cada resultado. Devolva para a professora para verificação.

1. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/possessive/adjectives-3.htm

2.https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/possessive/adjectives-1.htm

3.https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/possessive/adjectives-quiz.htm

4. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/possessive/personal-possessive-adjective-1.htm

5. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/possessive/determiners-write-2.htm

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English grammar exercises: possessive adjectives - match. Grammar exercises. Possessive determiners.

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Clique nos links abaixo. Um por vez. Resolva cada exercício. Clique no botão de "checar" para verificar seu resultado. Faça print desta tela e mande para o email: sandra.lamonato1@educador.edu.es.gov.br .

1. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/pronouns/personal-1.htm

2. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/pronouns/subject-pronouns.htm

3. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/pronouns/subject-write.htm

4. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/pronouns/personal-3.htm

5. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/pronouns/object-1.htm

6. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/pronouns/object-2.htm

7. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/pronouns/subject-object-pronouns.htm

8. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/pronouns/object-3.htm

9. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/pronouns/object-4.htm

10. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/pronouns/subject-object-test-1.htm

Lembre-se de mandar um único email com todos os prints dos exercícios resolvidos!

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Subject pronouns 1- elementary grammar exercises. Personal pronouns in English. beginner levels esl.

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Resolva os exercícios abaixo, clicando em cada link. Anote na Atividade 2, em campo próprio, cada resultado. Devolva para a professora para verificação.

1. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/possessive/adjectives-3.htm

2.https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/possessive/adjectives-1.htm

3.https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/possessive/adjectives-quiz.htm

4. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/possessive/personal-possessive-adjective-1.htm

5. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/possessive/determiners-write-2.htm

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English grammar exercises: possessive adjectives - match. Grammar exercises. Possessive determiners.

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Assista aos vídeos:

Presente simples:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfPw-_wRxyY

Presente Contínuo:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MQKwnl7WLDA

Passado Simples:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjovUrwfPF0

Resolva os exercícios:
1. To have: forms and pronouns - exercises (agendaweb.org)

2.To do questions: to 's or not to 's (agendaweb.org)

3. Questions with do or does - Exercise (englisch-hilfen.de)

4. Do or Does - Don't or Doesn't (web-esl.com)

5. Present progressive: positive, negative, questions (agendaweb.org)

6. Present continuous: wh- questions (agendaweb.org)

7. Present continuous - exercises - multiple choice (agendaweb.org)

8. Past simple: regular forms (agendaweb.org)

9. Past simple - exercises - regular verbs (agendaweb.org)

10. Past simple affirmative - write (agendaweb.org)

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SIMPLE PRESENT | Resumo de Inglês para o Enem

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Atividade para avaliação de recuperação: nota parcial

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Atividade para avaliação de recuperação: nota parcial

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O exercício em anexo vale 06 pontos e fará parte da somatória das atividades avaliativas de recuperação. Leia cada questão com atenção e assinale a alternativa correta para você. Você só poderá responder este questionário uma vez, portanto faça-o com atenção. Os outros 24 pontos referem-se a uma avaliação escrita, que será feita em sala no dia 24.05.24. Fique atento aos prazos!

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Lista de exercícios avaliativos: 1 trimestre 2024 (Recuperação)

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Observe cada questão com atenção e assinale a alternativa correta. Seu desempenho neste atividade será somado a nota da sua prova escrita. O resultado desta soma deve resultar em 18 pontos, pelo menos. Esta atividade será fechada em 23.05.24, às 10h. Cada questão vale 0,5 totalizando 06 pontos.

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Atividade de recuperação trimestral - Parte 1: 20.05.24

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Atividade de recuperação trimestral - Parte 1: 20.05.24

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Conforme explicado em sala:

a) assista ao vídeo. Faça anotações.

b) resolva os exercícios abaixo. Isto vai te ajudar a revisar para a prova.

Lista de exercícios:

1.    https://www.english-room.com/grammar/pronouns_1.htm

2.    https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a1/object-pronouns/

3. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/possessive/adjectives-3.htm

4. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/possessive/determiners-game.htm

5.    https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/possessive/adjectives-quiz.htm

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PRONOMES EM INGLÊS | Como usar I, me, my, they, we, us, our...

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Faça o teste proposto de acordo com a orientação de seu professor. Logo após, faça o registro de seu resultado: concordou? O que mais lhe chamou atenção no questionário?

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Teste de personalidade gratuito | 16Personalities

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Disclaimer: All non-English versions of the website contain automated translations or translations submitted by our users. They are not binding in any way, are not guaranteed to be accurate, and have no legal effect. The official text is the English version of the website. Please consider reporting translation issues to support@16personalities.com!

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1. Acesse o link acima. Ouça a orientação de sua professora. Para realizar esta atividade vc precisará de fone de ouvido. Lembre-se de registrar o resultado final em seu caderno.

Gramática:

Estudamos pronomes pessoais (sujeito e objeto) em sala e chegou a hora de vc aprimorar suas habilidades. Click nos links abaixo, um a um. É muito importante que vc sempre volte para esta página para acessar somente os links selecionados pela sua professora para vc. Resolva a atividade proposta e registre os resultados em seu caderno.

2. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/pronouns/subject-pronouns.htm

3. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/pronouns/personal-2.htm

4. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/pronouns/personal-3.htm

5. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/pronouns/personal-he-she-it-they.htm

6. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/pronouns/personal-subject-write.htm

7. https://www.english-room.com/grammar/pronouns_1.htm

8. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/pronouns/object-1.htm

9. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/pronouns/object-3.htm

10. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/pronouns/subject-object-1.htm

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The number of gaps depends of the selected game mode or exercise.

The video will stop till all the gaps in the line are filled in.

If the video stops your life will go down, when your life runs out the game ends.

To listen to a line again, press the button or the "backspace" key. You can also drag to the left over the lyrics.

To skip a word, press the button or the "tab" key. You can also drag to the right over the lyrics.

Be aware: both things are penalized with some life.

When you fill in the gaps you get points.

If you make mistakes, you will lose points, live and bonus.

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Miley Cyrus - Flowers | Music Video, Song Lyrics and Karaoke

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Learn English in a fun way with the music video and the lyrics of the song "Flowers" of Miley Cyrus

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Atividade de Recuperação da atividade de Halloween

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Atividade de Recuperação da atividade de Halloween

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Assim como fizemos as atividades de Halloween, para a recuperação desta nota faremos algo semelhante porém com o tema Thanksgiving Day. Escolha entre uma das propostas abaixo:

a) teatro: uma peça de 3-5 minutos contando a história do Thanksgiving Day: até quatro componentes. A encenação deverá ser gravada e enviada para o e-mail: ceienglishclasses@gmail.com

b)curta metragem: um vídeo de 3-5 minutos contando a história do Thanksgiving:  até quatro componentes. A encenação deverá ser gravada e enviada para o e-mail: ceienglishclasses@gmail.com

c) cantar uma música em Inglês que represente as ideias envolvidas no dia de Ação de Graças: até quatro pessoas. Agendar com a professora para apresentar.

A atividade devem ser enviadas ou apresentadas para avaliação até a próxima quarta-feira, dia 04.12.19

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Atividade Avaliativa - Terceiro Trimestre

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Atividade Avaliativa - Terceiro Trimestre

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Leia as perguntas e busque no texto informações para respondê-las:

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Atividade 03 - ESTUDOS ESPECIAIS DE RECUPERAÇÃO (EER)

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Atividade 03 - ESTUDOS ESPECIAIS DE RECUPERAÇÃO (EER)

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Nesta terceira atividade vamos revisar o Presente Simples em Inglês. Siga os passos a seguir:

a) Assista ao vídeo:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eDZQ0FCh1_0

b) Leia o material a seguir:
https://www.inglesnapontadalingua.com.br/2008/09/gramtica-presente-simples.html

c) em folha separada faça um resumo do vídeo e do material escrito que vc acabou de estudar

d)imprima o exercício a seguir. Resolva-o e me entregue juntamente com seu resumo em sala.
https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/download/test_simple_present_en.pdf

Bom estudo!

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Atividade 02: Estudos Especiais de Recuperação (EER)

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Atividade 02: Estudos Especiais de Recuperação (EER)

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Olá! Nesta segunda atividade vamos revisar o uso do modal verb CAN.

Primeiro passo:  Assista a vídeo aula e faça anotações em seu caderno.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5v1hG68E1QY

Segundo passo: leia as informações do site "Inglês na Ponta da Língua" e complemente suas anotações:
https://www.inglesnapontadalingua.com.br/2013/07/o-modal-verb-can.html

Terceiro passo: imprima o exercício em anexo. Resolva-o. Apresente tudo para minha correção e visto na próxima semana!

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Atividade 01: Estudos Especiais de Recuperação

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Atividade 01: Estudos Especiais de Recuperação

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Estamos estudando desde o primeiro trimestre perguntas pessoais e maneiras de respondê-las. Assista o vídeo abaixo. Preste atenção às perguntas feitas para Ashley e as respostas dadas por ela. Consulte seu caderno. Praticamente todas elas estarão lá com respostas semelhantes, outras terão respostas um pouco diferentes. Pratique! Use suas informações pessoais! Depois de assistir ao vídeo  algumas vezes, anote em seu caderno 3 perguntas que foram feitas pelo entrevistador e quais foram as respostas da entrevistada. Me apresente em sala para correção!

Bom estudo!

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Sugestões de aplicativos e sites para treinar pronúncia:

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Sugestões de aplicativos e sites para treinar pronúncia:

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Aplicativo: EN-PT Dictionary ·

Site: https://howjsay.com ·
Dicionário online: https://dictionary.cambridge.org

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Orientações gerais para o trabalho de música:
A. escolher uma música em Inglês.
B. Grupos de até seis pessoas.
C. Nota individual.
D. Músicas muito repetitivas, infantis  ou com palavras  inapropriadas para o ambiente escolar estão proibidas.
E. A apresentação foi agendada em sala. Fique atento para o calendário de sua turma! Todas as apresentações acontecerão na segunda semana de maio.
F. A utilização de instrumento ou playback é obrigatória.

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Orientações para as próximas atividades avaliativas 02/04/19

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Orientações para as próximas atividades avaliativas 02/04/19

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Bon Jovi - Always (Official Music Video)

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Thanksgiving day!

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Iniciando as indicações dos filmes e desenhos sobre Halloween! Divirta-se!

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Terça-feira, 30.10, tem CEI Musical Box na São Camilo na festa de Halloween!

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Vamos testar seus conhecimentos?

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Aprender inglês vai além das regras e significados formais. O idioma, como qualquer outro, possui suas gírias e expressões mais coloquiais. E algumas delas podem ser bem divertidas! Confira essa seleção e amplie seus conhecimentos!

Barmy: l ouco, doido, maluco

Aplicação: you have to be barmy not to try English Ale! ("Só se for maluco você não experimentará a English Ale!"). Os fãs de cricket que viajam para o exterior para torcer pelo time da Inglaterra são chamados de "Barmy Army" (exército de doidos).

Bloody: palavra usada para enfatizar qualquer coisa

"Bloody good!" ("Muito bom"); "The food is bloody awful!" ("A comida está muito ruim"); "This is bloody unbelivable!" ("Isso é inacreditável"); "I bloody told you!" (Eu bem que te disse!). É também usada como expressão de surpresa, choque, descontentamento ou raiva: "Bloody Hell!" ("Bloody hell! It took me two hours to get home today!" "Que horror! Levei duas horas para chegar em casa hoje!").

Bodge: equivale à famosa "gambiarra"

("bodge job"), mas com um sentido um pouco mais positivo. É o improviso a partir dos recursos disponíveis. "He didn't fix it, he bodged it" ("Ele não consertou, fez uma gambiarra"); "The kettle broke so I bodged it" ("A chaleira estragou então eu fiz uma gambiarra").

Cheers: usado para brindes, no sentido de "saúde"

A palavra também é muito usada com o sentido de Até logo! e Obrigada/o! No pub ou em lojas, você certamente ouvirá as pessoas agradecendo com "Cheers!". A resposta é igualmente "Cheers!".

Dodgy: algo que é ou está "dodgy" não é muito confiável por não estar bem

Pode ser ilegal, perigoso, estar estragado, estruturalmente comprometido etc. Qualifica várias coisas, como "dodgy food" (não coma), "dodgy person" (melhor evitar), "dodgy place" (passe longe) ou "dodgy car" (pode ter sido roubado).

Easy Peasy: algo muito fácil

Abreviação de "Easy Peasy Lemon Squeezy" que, segundo consta, era a fala de uma propaganda de um detergente. "Run a marathon? Easy peasy!" ("Correr uma maratona? Facílimo!").

Grub: forma popular de se referir à comida

Equivale, em português, a boia, rango etc. A comida servida nos pubs geralmente é chamada de "Pub Grub".

Loo: forma popular de se referir ao banheiro

"Where's the loo?" (Onde é o banheiro?); "I need to go to the loo." (Preciso ir ao banheiro).

Mate: amigo, homem principalmente

"Cara". Serve tanto para os amigos e/ou colegas ("I was at the pub with my mate" "Estava no pub com meu amigo"), como para os desconhecidos, sendo forma de tratamento. O Steve sempre "conversa" com motoristas de outros carros, dizendo: "What the hell are you doing, mate?" ("O que você pensa que está fazendo, cara?"). Se for mulher, ele diz "matete".

Naff: cafona, fora de moda, o que não é nada "cool"

Por exemplo: "This song is so naff" ("Esta música é tão cafona"). É também usado como "Naff off!" (Some! Desaparece! etc.).

Not my cup of tea: não é algo que eu goste

Se alguém diz que algo não é "sua xícara de chá", quer dizer que não é o tipo de coisa que a pessoa gosta. "Knitting is really not my cup of tea" ("Fazer tricô não é uma coisa que eu goste").

Posh: chique, aristocrático, rico

"A posh restaurant" (restaurante chique); "She must be posh to afford that" ("Ela deve ser muito rica/da classe A para poder comprar aquilo").

Quid: usado pelos ingleses para se referirem às libras

"How much is the ticket? 4 quid" (Quanto custa o ingresso? 4 libras). Note que não se flexiona a palavra no plural: 1 quid, 20 quid.

Interessante, não é? Escolha algumas para aplicar ao seu vocabulário e enriqueça o aprendizado dos seus colegas também! Para mais informações e dicas sobre a língua inglesa, acompanhe nossas redes sociais: Facebook, Twitter e Instagram!

Fonte: Londres para Principiantes

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Curiosidade: 13 gírias e expressões britânicas!

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Aprender inglês vai além das regras e significados formais. O idioma, como qualquer outro, possui suas gírias e expressões mais coloquiais. E algumas delas podem ser bem divertidas! Confira essa seleção e amplie seus conhecimentos! Barmy: l ouco, doido, maluco Aplicação: you have to be barmy not to try English Ale!

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As origens do Halloween

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Bet You Didn't Know: Halloween | History

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Reveja o vídeo trabalhado em sala!

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Acesse o texto abaixo. Leia o item 6 ou 7 do mesmo. No instagram ou no seu caderno escreva uma palavra chave do que vc entendeu de sua leitura. Apresente para o visto!

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Halloween is an annual holiday celebrated each year on October 31, and Halloween 2018 occurs on Wednesday, October 31. It originated with the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain, when people would light bonfires and wear costumes to ward off ghosts. In the eighth century, Pope Gregory III designated November 1 as a time to honor all saints; soon, All Saints Day incorporated some of the traditions of Samhain. The evening before was known as All Hallows Eve, and later Halloween. Over time, Halloween evolved into a day of activities like trick-or-treating, carving jack-o-lanterns, festive gatherings, donning costumes and eating sweet treats.

READ MORE: Best Halloween Costume Ideas Inspired by History

Ancient Origins of Halloween

Halloween's origins date back to the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain (pronounced sow-in). The Celts, who lived 2,000 years ago in the area that is now Ireland, the United Kingdom and northern France, celebrated their new year on November 1.

This day marked the end of summer and the harvest and the beginning of the dark, cold winter, a time of year that was often associated with human death. Celts believed that on the night before the new year, the boundary between the worlds of the living and the dead became blurred. On the night of October 31 they celebrated Samhain, when it was believed that the ghosts of the dead returned to earth.

In addition to causing trouble and damaging crops, Celts thought that the presence of the otherworldly spirits made it easier for the Druids, or Celtic priests, to make predictions about the future. For a people entirely dependent on the volatile natural world, these prophecies were an important source of comfort and direction during the long, dark winter.

To commemorate the event, Druids built huge sacred bonfires, where the people gathered to burn crops and animals as sacrifices to the Celtic deities. During the celebration, the Celts wore costumes, typically consisting of animal heads and skins, and attempted to tell each other's fortunes.

When the celebration was over, they re-lit their hearth fires, which they had extinguished earlier that evening, from the sacred bonfire to help protect them during the coming winter.

Did you know? One quarter of all the candy sold annually in the U.S. is purchased for Halloween.

By 43 A.D., the Roman Empire had conquered the majority of Celtic territory. In the course of the four hundred years that they ruled the Celtic lands, two festivals of Roman origin were combined with the traditional Celtic celebration of Samhain.

The first was Feralia, a day in late October when the Romans traditionally commemorated the passing of the dead. The second was a day to honor Pomona, the Roman goddess of fruit and trees. The symbol of Pomona is the apple, and the incorporation of this celebration into Samhain probably explains the tradition of "bobbing" for apples that is practiced today on Halloween.

All Saints Day

On May 13, 609 A.D., Pope Boniface IV dedicated the Pantheon in Rome in honor of all Christian martyrs, and the Catholic feast of All Martyrs Day was established in the Western church. Pope Gregory III later expanded the festival to include all saints as well as all martyrs, and moved the observance from May 13 to November 1.

By the 9th century the influence of Christianity had spread into Celtic lands, where it gradually blended with and supplanted the older Celtic rites. In 1000 A.D., the church would make November 2 All Souls' Day, a day to honor the dead. It's widely believed today that the church was attempting to replace the Celtic festival of the dead with a related church-sanctioned holiday.

All Souls Day was celebrated similarly to Samhain, with big bonfires, parades, and dressing up in costumes as saints, angels and devils. The All Saints Day celebration was also called All-hallows or All-hallowmas (from Middle English Alholowmesse meaning All Saints' Day) and the night before it, the traditional night of Samhain in the Celtic religion, began to be called All-Hallows Eve and, eventually, Halloween.

Halloween Comes to America

Celebration of Halloween was extremely limited in colonial New England because of the rigid Protestant belief systems there. Halloween was much more common in Maryland and the southern colonies.

As the beliefs and customs of different European ethnic groups as well as the American Indians meshed, a distinctly American version of Halloween began to emerge. The first celebrations included "play parties," public events held to celebrate the harvest, where neighbors would share stories of the dead, tell each other's fortunes, dance and sing.

Colonial Halloween festivities also featured the telling of ghost stories and mischief-making of all kinds. By the middle of the nineteenth century, annual autumn festivities were common, but Halloween was not yet celebrated everywhere in the country.

In the second half of the nineteenth century, America was flooded with new immigrants. These new immigrants, especially the millions of Irish fleeing the Irish Potato Famine, helped to popularize the celebration of Halloween nationally.

Trick-or-Treat

Borrowing from Irish and English traditions, Americans began to dress up in costumes and go house to house asking for food or money, a practice that eventually became today's "trick-or-treat" tradition. Young women believed that on Halloween they could divine the name or appearance of their future husband by doing tricks with yarn, apple parings or mirrors.

In the late 1800s, there was a move in America to mold Halloween into a holiday more about community and neighborly get-togethers than about ghosts, pranks and witchcraft. At the turn of the century, Halloween parties for both children and adults became the most common way to celebrate the day. Parties focused on games, foods of the season and festive costumes.

Parents were encouraged by newspapers and community leaders to take anything "frightening" or "grotesque" out of Halloween celebrations. Because of these efforts, Halloween lost most of its superstitious and religious overtones by the beginning of the twentieth century.
Read more: Pumpkin Spice Has Been a Thing for 3,500 Years
Halloween Parties

By the 1920s and 1930s, Halloween had become a secular, but community-centered holiday, with parades and town-wide Halloween parties as the featured entertainment. Despite the best efforts of many schools and communities, vandalism began to plague some celebrations in many communities during this time.

By the 1950s, town leaders had successfully limited vandalism and Halloween had evolved into a holiday directed mainly at the young. Due to the high numbers of young children during the fifties baby boom, parties moved from town civic centers into the classroom or home, where they could be more easily accommodated.

Between 1920 and 1950, the centuries-old practice of trick-or-treating was also revived. Trick-or-treating was a relatively inexpensive way for an entire community to share the Halloween celebration. In theory, families could also prevent tricks being played on them by providing the neighborhood children with small treats.

Thus, a new American tradition was born, and it has continued to grow. Today, Americans spend an estimated $6 billion annually on Halloween, making it the country's second largest commercial holiday after Christmas.
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Soul Cakes

The American Halloween tradition of "trick-or-treating" probably dates back to the early All Souls' Day parades in England. During the festivities, poor citizens would beg for food and families would give them pastries called "soul cakes" in return for their promise to pray for the family's dead relatives.

The distribution of soul cakes was encouraged by the church as a way to replace the ancient practice of leaving food and wine for roaming spirits. The practice, which was referred to as "going a-souling" was eventually taken up by children who would visit the houses in their neighborhood and be given ale, food and money.

The tradition of dressing in costume for Halloween has both European and Celtic roots. Hundreds of years ago, winter was an uncertain and frightening time. Food supplies often ran low and, for the many people afraid of the dark, the short days of winter were full of constant worry.

On Halloween, when it was believed that ghosts came back to the earthly world, people thought that they would encounter ghosts if they left their homes. To avoid being recognized by these ghosts, people would wear masks when they left their homes after dark so that the ghosts would mistake them for fellow spirits.

On Halloween, to keep ghosts away from their houses, people would place bowls of food outside their homes to appease the ghosts and prevent them from attempting to enter.

Black Cats

Halloween has always been a holiday filled with mystery, magic and superstition. It began as a Celtic end-of-summer festival during which people felt especially close to deceased relatives and friends. For these friendly spirits, they set places at the dinner table, left treats on doorsteps and along the side of the road and lit candles to help loved ones find their way back to the spirit world.

Today's Halloween ghosts are often depicted as more fearsome and malevolent, and our customs and superstitions are scarier too. We avoid crossing paths with black cats, afraid that they might bring us bad luck. This idea has its roots in the Middle Ages, when many people believed that witches avoided detection by turning themselves into black cats.

We try not to walk under ladders for the same reason. This superstition may have come from the ancient Egyptians, who believed that triangles were sacred (it also may have something to do with the fact that walking under a leaning ladder tends to be fairly unsafe). And around Halloween, especially, we try to avoid breaking mirrors, stepping on cracks in the road or spilling salt.

Halloween Matchmaking

But what about the Halloween traditions and beliefs that today's trick-or-treaters have forgotten all about? Many of these obsolete rituals focused on the future instead of the past and the living instead of the dead.

In particular, many had to do with helping young women identify their future husbands and reassuring them that they would someday-with luck, by next Halloween-be married. In 18th-century Ireland, a matchmaking cook might bury a ring in her mashed potatoes on Halloween night, hoping to bring true love to the diner who found it.

In Scotland, fortune-tellers recommended that an eligible young woman name a hazelnut for each of her suitors and then toss the nuts into the fireplace. The nut that burned to ashes rather than popping or exploding, the story went, represented the girl's future husband. (In some versions of this legend, the opposite was true: The nut that burned away symbolized a love that would not last.)

Another tale had it that if a young woman ate a sugary concoction made out of walnuts, hazelnuts and nutmeg before bed on Halloween night she would dream about her future husband.

Young women tossed apple-peels over their shoulders, hoping that the peels would fall on the floor in the shape of their future husbands' initials; tried to learn about their futures by peering at egg yolks floating in a bowl of water; and stood in front of mirrors in darkened rooms, holding candles and looking over their shoulders for their husbands' faces.

Other rituals were more competitive. At some Halloween parties, the first guest to find a burr on a chestnut-hunt would be the first to marry; at others, the first successful apple-bobber would be the first down the aisle.

Of course, whether we're asking for romantic advice or trying to avoid seven years of bad luck, each one of these Halloween superstitions relies on the goodwill of the very same "spirits" whose presence the early Celts felt so keenly.

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Halloween is an annual holiday celebrated each year on October 31, and Halloween 2018 occurs on Wednesday, October 31. It originated with the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain, when people would light bonfires and wear costumes to ward off ghosts.

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16.10 - 19.10

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Os números do Halloween!