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- Pantsuits, catsuits, string dresses and see-through minis. John Bates was one of the 1960s most influential designers. Under the name 'Jean Varon' in 1959, he was creating futuristic fashion designs in plastic long before Pierre cardin and Andre Courrèges. and Pierre Cardin. A Jean Varon piece was chosen by the Fashion Museum in Bath as their highly prestigious 'Dress of the Year' in 1965. He is probably best-known for the designs he created for Diana Rigg (far right), who played Emma Peel in 'The Avengers' television series in 1965, and is considered by many to be one of the 'inventors' of the mini skirt fashion alongside Quant and Courrèges.

Bridget Riley - (near right) Op-art artist and designer whose work was widely used in dress and fabric designs.

Geoffrey Beene - Born Samuel Albert Bozeman Jr, he his first design job was at Teal Traina, where he stayed until 1963, leaving to launch his own label. Beene's 'signature' designs included elaborate seams, architectural construction, graphic black and white motifs and clinging silhouettes cut on the bias and were an immediate success. US Vogue featured Jean Shrimpton wearing a dress from his first collection and within four years he had an annual turnover of $4 million.
"What I'm trying to do are clothes that look effortless without any degree of calculation on the part of the wearer, but plenty of calculation on my part."

Defying fashion conventions, he shocked the fashion world in 1966 with his use of grey flannel and wool jersey in evening wear. The following year he designed the wedding dress of Lynda Bird Johnson, eldest daughter of President Lyndon B. Johnson. Also that year, Beene became the first American designer to show in Milan and the first to open a manufacturing outlet in Europe, selling couture clothes and sportswear both there and in the Far East. Noted for men's and women's wear in soft, easy care fabrics, sequinned fabrics, chiffon and taffeta. One of the first designers to mix patterns and textures. Generally preferred dark and neutral colours.

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Sixties City - 60 Leading Designers and Influencers of Sixties Fashion

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Pantsuits, catsuits, string dresses and see-through minis. John Bates was one of the 1960s most influential designers. Under the name 'Jean Varon' in 1959, he was creating futuristic fashion designs in plastic long before Pierre cardin and Andre Courrèges. and Pierre Cardin.

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The menk is part of the Siberian oral tradition. These beliefs were retained by the Khanty and Mansi people, even though they became, or were compelled to become Russian Orthodox Christians in the 17th and 18th centuries. In the Khanty epics, the menk are presented as "formidable forest spirits".

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London Weather - 1960 Rather Wet. A Mild Spring and Wet Autumn.

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In the year that the first successful weather satellite was launched, a huge earthquake, measuring 9.5 on the Richter Scale, struck Chile, and 'Coronation Street' began broadcasting on Independent Televisiion. In the music world, the UK charts were dominated by the Everly Brothers 'Cathy's Clown' and Elvis Presley 'It's Now or Never' .

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Henley Royal Regatta (or Henley Regatta, its original name pre-dating Royal patronage) is a rowing event held annually on the River Thames by the town of Henley-on-Thames, England. It was established on 26 March 1839.

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1839

Henley Regatta was first held in 1839 and has been held annually ever since, except during the two World Wars. Originally staged by the Mayor and people of Henley as a public attraction with a fair and other amusements, the emphasis rapidly changed so that competitive amateur rowing became its main purpose.

1851

In 1851 H.R.H. Prince Albert became the Regatta's first Royal Patron. Since the death of The Prince Consort, the reigning Monarch has always consented to become Patron. This patronage means the Regatta can be called Henley Royal Regatta.

During the course of its history, the Regatta has often been honoured by visits of members of the Royal Family, of which the most recent was that of H.R.H. The Princess Royal in 2010.

1885

Since 1885 Henley Royal Regatta has been organised by a self-electing body of Stewards, at present numbering 60, most of whom are well-known and successful rowers and scullers. The Stewards' practical application of their knowledge of the sport to the actual running of the Regatta undoubtedly makes a great contribution to its success. A Committee of Management, consisting of 12 of the Stewards, is elected annually and is responsible for all planning and detailed organisation. The Stewards' primary consideration in all their decisions is the best interests of those who are competing in the races.

1886

The 1839 Regatta took place on a single afternoon but proved so popular with oarsmen that the racing lasted for two days from 1840. In 1886, the Regatta was extended to three days, and then four in 1906. Since 1928 its increased popularity meant entries exceeded the permitted numbers for several events, and therefore Qualifying Races are now held in the week prior to the Regatta to reduce the number of entries to the permitted maximum. In 1986, the Regatta was extended to five days, with an increase in the maximum entry for certain events.

1987

In 1987 the Stewards bought Temple Island, the famous landmark at the start of the Regatta Course. Extensive renovation of The Temple, built by James Wyatt in 1771, was completed and the important wall paintings in the main room were restored to their original appearance.

The Regatta has a long-term programme of conservation and tree planting, notably on the downstream portion of Temple Island and also upstream on the Buckinghamshire bank. This area of water meadow has been designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest (S.S.S.I.), and provides a managed sanctuary for flora and fauna.

1992

In 1992 the Stewards acquired the small island on the Buckinghamshire bank, upon which the boathouse of Fawley Court once stood.

More Information

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Henley Regatta was first held in 1839 and has been held annually ever since, except during the two World Wars. Originally staged by the Mayor and people of Henley as a public attraction with a fair and other amusements, the emphasis rapidly changed so that competitive amateur rowing became its main purpose.

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The Boat Race is an annual set of rowing races between the Cambridge University Boat Club and the Oxford University Boat Club, traditionally rowed between open-weight eights on the River Thames in London, England. It is also known as the University Boat Race and the Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race.

There are separate men's and women's races, as well as races for reserve crews. The men's race was first held in 1829 and has been held annually since 1856, except during the First and Second World Wars (although unofficial races were conducted) and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The first women's event was in 1927 and the race has been held annually since 1964. Since 2015, the women's race has taken place on the same day and course, and since 2018 the combined event of the two races has been referred to as the Boat Race.

The Championship Course has hosted the vast majority of the races. It covers a 4.2-mile (6.8 km) stretch of the Thames in West London, from Putney to Mortlake. Other locations have been used, including a stretch of the River Great Ouse which was the venue for the 2021 race. Members of both crews are traditionally known as blues and each boat as a " Blue Boat", with Cambridge in light blue and Oxford in dark blue. As of 2023, Cambridge has won the men's race 86 times and Oxford 81 times, with one dead heat, and has led Oxford in cumulative wins since 1930. In the women's race, Cambridge have won the race 45 times and Oxford 30 times, and has led Oxford in cumulative wins since 1966. A reserve boat race has been held since 1965 for the men and since 1966 for the women.

In most years over 250,000 people watch the race from the banks of the river. In 2009, a record 270,000 people watched the race live. A further 15 million or more watch it on television.

History of the men's race

An engraving of the 1841 Boat Race, with Lambeth Palace

The tradition was started in 1829 by Charles Merivale, a student at St John's College, Cambridge, and his Old Harrovian school friend Charles Wordsworth who was studying at Christ Church, Oxford. The University of Cambridge challenged the University of Oxford to a race at Henley-on-Thames but lost easily. Oxford raced in dark blue because five members of the crew, including the stroke, were from Christ Church, then Head of the River, whose colours were dark blue.

The second race was in 1836, with the venue moved to a course from Westminster to Putney. Over the next two years, there was disagreement over where the race should be held, with Oxford preferring Henley and Cambridge preferring London. Following the official formation of the Oxford University Boat Club, racing between the two universities resumed in 1839 on the Tideway and the tradition continues to the present day, with the loser challenging the winner to a rematch annually.

Since 1856, the race has been held every year, except for the years 1915 to 1919 due to World War I, 1940 to 1945, due to World War II, and in 2020 due to COVID-19 pandemic policy.

The race in 1877 was declared a dead heat. Both crews finished in a time of 24minutes and 8seconds in bad weather. The verdict of the race judge, John Phelps, is considered suspect because he was reportedly over 70 and blind in one eye. Rowing historian Tim Koch, writing in the official 2014 Boat Race Programme, notes that there is "a very big and very entrenched lie" about the race, including the claim that Phelps had announced "Dead heat... to Oxford by six feet" (the distance supposedly mentioned by Phelps varies according to the telling).

Phelps's nickname "Honest John" was not an ironic one, and he was not (as is sometimes claimed) drunk under a bush at the time of the finish. He did have to judge who had won without the assistance of finish posts (which were installed in time for the next year's race). Some newspapers had believed Oxford won a narrow victory but their viewpoint was from downstream; Phelps considered that the boats were essentially level with each surging forward during the stroke cycle. With no clear way to determine who had surged forward at the exact finish line, Phelps could only pronounce it a dead heat. Koch believes that the press and Oxford supporters made up the stories about Phelps later, which Phelps had no chance to refute.

A portrayal of the dead heat finish in 1877.

Oxford, partially disabled, were making effort after effort to hold their rapidly waning lead, while Cambridge, who, curiously enough, had settled together again, and were rowing almost as one man, were putting on a magnificent spurt at 40 strokes to the minute, with a view of catching their opponents before reaching the winning-post. Thus struggling over the remaining portion of the course, the two eights raced past the flag alongside one another, and the gun fired amid a scene of excitement rarely equalled and never exceeded. Cheers for one crew were succeeded by counter-cheers for the other, and it was impossible to tell what the result was until the Press boat backed down to the Judge and inquired the issue. John Phelps, the waterman, who officiated, replied that the noses of the boats passed the post strictly level, and that the result was a dead heat.

Because of World War I and II, the race was not held in 1915-1919 and 1940-1945. On 12 January 1915, The Daily Telegraph announced that the annual race was cancelled due to men leaving for war, "for every available oarsman, either Fresher or Blue, has joined the colours."

In 1959 some of the existing Oxford blues attempted to oust president Ronnie Howard and coach Jumbo Edwards. However, their attempt failed when Cambridge supported the president. Three of the dissidents returned and Oxford went on to win by six lengths.

Cambridge at their stakeboat, just before the start of the 2009 race

Following defeat in the previous year's race, Oxford's first in eleven years, American Chris Clark was determined to gain revenge: "Next year we're gonna kick ass ... Cambridge's ass. Even if I have to go home and bring the whole US squad with me." He recruited another four American post-graduates: three international-class rowers ( Dan Lyons, Chris Huntington and Chris Penny) and a cox (Jonathan Fish), in an attempt to put together the fastest Boat Race crew in the history of the contest.

When you recruit mercenaries, you can expect some pirates.

Disagreements over the training regime of Dan Topolski, the Oxford coach ("He wanted us to spend more time training on land than water!", lamented Lyons), led to the crew walking out on at least one occasion, and resulted in the coach revising his approach. A fitness test between Clark and club president Donald Macdonald (in which Clark triumphed) resulted in a call for Macdonald's removal; it was accompanied with a threat that the Americans would refuse to row should Macdonald remain in the crew. As boat club president, Macdonald "had absolute power over selection", and when he announced that Clark would row on starboard, his weaker side, Macdonald would row on the port side and Tony Ward was to be dropped from the crew entirely, the American contingent mutinied. After considerable negotiation and debate, much of it conducted in the public eye, Clark, Penny, Huntington, Lyons and Fish were dropped and replaced by members of Oxford's reserve crew, Isis.

The race was won by Oxford by fourlengths, despite Cambridge being favourites.

In 1989 Topolski and author Patrick Robinson's book about the events, True Blue: The Oxford Boat Race Mutiny, was published. Seven years later, a film based on the book was released. Alison Gill, the then-president of the Oxford University Women's Boat Club, wrote The Yanks at Oxford, in which she defended the Americans and claimed Topolski wrote True Blue in order to justify his own actions. River and Rowing Museum founder Chris Dodd described True Blue as "particularly offensive" yet also wrote "[Oxford] lacked the power, the finesse-basically everything the pre-mutiny line-up had going for it."

In the 2012 race, after almost three-quarters of the course had been rowed, the race was halted for over 30 minutes when a lone protester, Australian Trenton Oldfield, entered the water from Chiswick Eyot and deliberately swam between the boats near Chiswick Pier with the intention of protesting against spending cuts, and what he saw as the erosion of civil liberties and a growing culture of elitism within British society. Once he was spotted by assistant umpire Sir Matthew Pinsent, both boats were required to stop for safety reasons. Once restarted, the boats clashed and the oar of Oxford crewman Hanno Wienhausen was broken in half with the blade snapped off. The race umpire John Garrett judged the clash to be Oxford's fault and allowed the race to continue. Cambridge quickly took the lead and went on to win the race. The Oxford crew entered a final appeal to the umpire which was quickly rejected; and Cambridge were confirmed as winners in the first race since 1849 that a crew had won the boat race without an official recorded winning time. After the end of the race Oxford's bow man, Alex Woods, received emergency treatment after collapsing in the boat from exhaustion. Because of the circumstances, the post-race celebrations by the winning Cambridge crew were unusually muted and the planned award ceremony was cancelled.

Like other sports events, the 2020 boat race was cancelled because of COVID-19 pandemic policy.

The 2021 races were held on the Great Ouse at Ely in Cambridgeshire, over a shorter straight course of 4.9 kilometres (3.0 mi). This was due to the safety issues of Hammersmith Bridge, as well as restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic still being in force.

The 2022 Boat Race returned to the Thames and the traditional course between Putney and Mortlake.

In the 1912 race, run in extremely poor weather and high winds, both crews sank. Oxford rowed into a significant early lead, but began taking on water, and made for the bank shortly after passing Hammersmith Bridge to empty the boat out: although they attempted to restart, the race was abandoned at this point because Cambridge had also sunk while passing the Harrods Depository.

Cambridge also sank in 1859 and in 1978, while Oxford did so in 1925, and again in 1951; the 1951 race was re-rowed on the following Monday. In 1984 the Cambridge boat sank after colliding with a barge before the start of the race, which was then rescheduled for the next day. In 2016, at Barnes Bridge, Cambridge women began to sink but gradually recovered to complete the race.

History of the women's race

From the first women's event in 1927, the Women's Boat Race was run separately from the men's event until 2015. There was significant inequality between the two events. Changes in recent years, arising significantly from the sponsorship of Newton Investment Management, have made the two races more equal: both events have been held together on The Tideway since 2015, and there are new training facilities for the women, comparable to those of the men, since 2016.

The 1st Boat Race took place at Henley-on-Thames in 1829 but the event was subsequently officially held along the Thames, mostly the Championship Course, until the 2021 race which was moved to the River Great Ouse both due the COVID-19 pandemic and safety concerns under Hammersmith Bridge. Unofficial races were held during the Second World War at various locations.

Boat Race course ("Middlesex" and "Surrey" denote sides of the Thames Tideway corresponding to the traditional English counties)

The Championship Course is 4 miles and 374 yards (6.779 km) from Putney to Mortlake, passing Hammersmith and Barnes, following an S shape, east to west. The start and finish are marked by the University Boat Race Stones on the south bank. The clubs' presidents toss a coin (the 1829 sovereign) before the race for the right to choose which side of the river (station) they will row on: their decision is based on the weather, the speed of the flood tide, and how the three bends in the course might favour their crew's pace. The north station (' Middlesex') has the advantage of the first and last bends, and the south (' Surrey') station the other, longer bend.[citation needed ]

During the race the coxes compete for the fastest current, which lies at the deepest part of the river, frequently leading to clashes of blades and warnings from the umpire. A crew that gets a lead of more than a boat's length can cut in front of their opponent, making it extremely difficult for the trailing crew to gain the lead. For this reason the tactics of the race are generally to go fast early on, and it is unusual for the leading crew to change after halfway (though this happened in 2003, 2007 and 2010).[citation needed ]

Save for three Victorian instances, each race is rowed westwards, but starts during the incoming (known as flood) tide, so that the crews are rowing with, not against, the fast stream. At the conclusion of the race, the boats come ashore at the shared shingle of the two boat clubs in Chiswick, a few metres west of Chiswick Bridge. Here, shortly after the race, the Boat Race trophy is presented to the winning crew. It is traditional for the winning side to throw their cox into the Thames to celebrate their achievement.

In addition, there were four unofficial boat races held during the Second World War away from London. None of those competing were awarded blues, and these races are not included in the official list:

Women's Boat Race courses

During its early years (1927 to 1976 with several gaps) the Women's Boat Race alternated between The Isis in Oxford and the River Cam in Cambridge over a distance of about 1,000 yards. On two occasions, in 1929 and 1935, the race was held on the Tideway in London. Unlike the men's race, the official women's race continued in most years through the Second World War.

From 1977 to 2014, the Women's Boat Race was usually held on a 2000-metre course as part of the Henley Boat Races. However, in 2013 the entire Henley Boat Races were moved to Dorney Lake due to rough water at Henley. In 2021, the race was held on the River Great Ouse from Ely, Cambridgeshire, along with the men's race.

The race first appeared in a short film of the 1895 race entitled The Oxford and Cambridge University Boat Race, directed and produced by Birt Acres. Consisting of a single shot of around a minute, it was the first film to be commercially screened in the UK outside London. The event is now a British national institution, and is televised live each year. The women's race has received television coverage and grown in popularity since 2015, attracting a television audience of 4.8 million viewers that year. BBC Television first covered the men's race in 1938, the BBC having covered it on radio since 1927. For the 2005 to 2009 races, the BBC lost the television rights to ITV, after 66 years, but it returned to the corporation in 2010. Ethnographer Mark de Rond described the training, selection, and victory of the 2007 Cambridge crew in The Last Amateurs: To Hell and Back with the Cambridge Boat Race Crew.

Many notable individuals have participated in the Boat Race, including those of an Olympic standard. Four-time Olympic gold medallist Sir Matthew Pinsent, rowed for Oxford in 1990, 1991, and 1993. Olympic gold medallists from 2000 - James Cracknell (Cambridge 2019), Tim Foster (Oxford 1997), Luka Grubor (Oxford 1997), Andrew Lindsay (Oxford 1997, 1998, 1999) and Kieran West (Cambridge 1999, 2001, 2006, 2007), 2004 - Ed Coode (Oxford 1998), and 2008 - Jake Wetzel (Oxford 2006) and Malcolm Howard (Oxford 2013, 2014) have also rowed for their university.

Other famous participants include Andrew Irvine (Oxford 1922, 1923), Lord Snowdon (Cambridge 1950), Colin Moynihan (Oxford 1977), actor Hugh Laurie (Cambridge 1980), TV presenter Dan Snow (Oxford 1999, 2000, 2001) and Conspicuous Gallantry Cross recipient Robin Bourne-Taylor (Oxford 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005).

Oxford University does not offer sport scholarships at entry; student-athletes are not admitted differently to any other students and must meet the academic requirements of the university, with sport having a neutral effect on any application. Likewise, bursaries and scholarship opportunities for athletes at the University of Cambridge are only open to those students who have already been admitted to the University on academic merit.

In order to protect the status of the race as a competition between genuine students, the Cambridge University Blues Committee in July 2007 refused to award a blue to 2006 and 2007 Cambridge oarsman Thorsten Engelmann, as he did not complete his academic course and instead returned to the German national rowing team to prepare for the Beijing Olympics. This has caused a debate about a change of rules, and one suggestion is that only students who are enrolled in courses lasting at least two years should be eligible to race.

Standard of the men's crews

According to British Olympic gold medallist Martin Cross, Boat Race crews of the early 1980s were viewed as "a bit of a joke" by some international-level rowers of the time. However, their standard has improved substantially since then. In 2007 Cambridge were entered in the London Head of the River Race, where they should have been measured directly against the best crews in Britain and beyond. However the event was called off after several crews were sunk or swamped in rough conditions. Cambridge were fastest of the few crews who did complete the course.

The Boat Race has been sponsored since 1976, with the money spent mainly on equipment and travel during the training period. The sponsors do not have their logos on the boats, but now tend to have their logo on kit during the race. They also provide branded training gear and have some naming rights. Boat Race sponsors have included Ladbrokes, Beefeater Gin, Aberdeen Asset Management, and the business process outsourcing company Xchanging for a few years until 2012. Since 2010 the deal has included the crews agreeing to wear the logo on their race kit for more funding. Prior to this, all sponsorship marks had been scrupulously discarded on boating for the competition, on amateurist, 'Corinthian' values but perhaps also as before televised races a single sponsor for both crews was unlikely. The sponsor has extended to being a "title sponsor" (titular, official race name) since such a longer name of the race was founded in 2010, the first three of which thus becoming The Xchanging Boat Race.

In 2013 the sponsor BNY Mellon took over and it became the BNY Mellon Boat Race. From 2016 to 2018, BNY Mellon and Newton Investment management donated the title sponsorship to Cancer Research UK.

The Women's Boat Race 2011 was the first to be sponsored by Newton Investment Management, a subsidiary of BNY Mellon. Previously the crews had no sponsorship and were self funded. Newton have remained the sponsor since then and increased the amount of funding significantly.

The Boat Races

In 2021 the Men's and Women's Boat Races came under the same sponsorship for the first time. Gemini, a cryptocurrency exchange founded by 2010 Oxford Blues Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss, took over as title sponsor and it became the Gemini Boat Race.[citation needed ]

Although the Boat Race crews are the best-known, the universities both field reserve crews. The reserves race takes place on the same day as the main race. The Oxford men's reserve crew is called Isis (after the Isis, a section of the River Thames which passes through Oxford), and the Cambridge reserve men's crew is called Goldie (the name comes from rower and Boat Club president John Goldie, 1849-1896, after whom the Goldie Boathouse is named). The women's reserve crews are Osiris (Oxford) and Blondie (Cambridge). A veterans' boat race, usually held on a weekday before the main Boat Race, takes place on the Thames between Putney and Hammersmith.

The two universities also field lightweight men's and women's crews. These squads race each other in eights as part of the Lightweight Boat Races. The first men's race took place in 1975, being joined by a women's race in 1984. Both races are currently held on the 4.2-mile (6.8 km) Championship Course from Putney to Mortlake, although they previously formed part of the Henley Boat Races, along with various other rowing races between the two universities including the openweight women's Boat Race until 2015. Competitors in the event have gone on to compete at international and Olympic levels, as well as represent their universities at openweight level. For the men's race the average weight of the crew must be 70 kg (154.3 lb / 11 st 0.3 lb), with no rower weighing over 72.5 kg (159.8 lb / 11 st 5.8 lb). For the women's race no rower can exceed 59 kg (130.0 lb / 9 st 4 lb). At Oxford, both the men's and women's lightweight boats are awarded a full blue. At Cambridge the women's boat is awarded a full blue, whereas the men's boat receives a half-blue.[citation needed ]

Boat race became such a popular phrase that it was incorporated into Cockney rhyming slang, for "face".

In the stories of P. G. Wodehouse, several characters allude to Boat Race night as a time of riotous celebration (presumably after the victory of the character's ). This frequently sees the participants in trouble with the authorities. In Piccadilly Jim, it is mentioned that Lord Datchett was thrown out of the Empire Music Hall every year on Boat Race night while he was an undergraduate. Bertie Wooster mentions he is "rather apt to let myself go a bit" on Boat Race night and several times describes being fined five pounds at "Bosher Street" (possibly a reference to Bow Street Magistrates' Court) for stealing a policeman's helmet one year; the beginning of the first episode of the television series Jeeves and Wooster shows his court appearance on this occasion. In the short story Jeeves and the Chump Cyril, he describes having to repeatedly bail out of jail a friend who is arrested every year on Boat Race night.

In by Arthur Ransome (one of the Swallows and Amazons series of children's books) Captain Flint (who had dropped out of Oxford) tells Missee Lee he was in gaol once on Boat-race night. High spirits. A fancy for policemen's helmets. When Missee Lee says Camblidge won and evellybody happy he replies Not that year, ma'am. We were the happy ones that year. In the Jennings books by Anthony Buckeridge the protagonist's teacher Mr Wilkins is a former Cambridge rowing blue.

The 1969 film The Magic Christian features the Boat Race, as Sir Guy makes use of the Oxford crew in one of his elaborate pranks.

Actor and comedian Matt Berry wrote and narrated an irreverent, alternative history of the Boat Race for the BBC in 2015.

Men's race

Number of wins: Cambridge, 86; Oxford, 81 (1 dead heat)

Most consecutive victories: Cambridge, 13 (1924-36)

Course record: Cambridge, 1998 - 16 min 19 sec; average speed 24.9 kilometres per hour (15.5 mph)

Narrowest winning margin, excluding the dead heat: 1 foot (Oxford, 2003)

Largest winning margin: 35 lengths (Cambridge, 1839)

Reserve wins: Cambridge (Goldie), 29; Oxford (Isis), 24

Women's race

Number of wins: Cambridge, 46; Oxford, 30[1]

Course record: Cambridge, 2022 - 18 min 22 sec (faster, in different conditions, than the Cambridge men's Blue Boat in 2016 and the Oxford men's in 2014)[1][7][110]

Reserve wins: Cambridge (Blondie), 27; Oxford (Osiris), 20[1]

Cumulative wins by Oxford and Cambridge men's and women's blue and reserve boats (in the SVG file, hover over a graph to highlight it)

Men's race

There have been 168 official races in 193 years.

There have been 75 races in 94 years.

1. ^ Dodd, Christopher; Marks, John (2004). Battle of the Blues The Oxford & Cambridge Boat Race from 1829. P to M Limited. p. 72. ISBN 0-9547232-1-X.

2. ^ "Oxford win Women's Boat Race as Cambridge struggle with sinking boat". The Guardian. Press Association. 27 March 2016. Archived from the original on 8 April 2017.

3. ^ Kingsbury, Jane; Williams, Carol (2015). Cambridge University Women's Boat Club 1941-2014 - The Struggle Against Inequality. Trireme. ISBN 9780993098291. Archived from the original on 8 April 2019.

4. ^ Morrissey, Helena (4 April 2015). "Helena Morrissey: 'Tide turns in favour of boat race women'". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 13 April 2015.

5. ^ White, Jim; Mills, Emma; Robinson, Danielle; Saunders, Toby (5 April 2019). "Boat Race 2019: Oxford and Cambridge women admit tide has finally turned in their favour". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 8 April 2019.

6. "1943: Not a Blue Race". Hear The Boat Sing. 14 December 2014.

7. ^ "BNY Mellon and Cancer Research UK Boat Race sponsorship details" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 April 2016.

8. ^ Wodehouse, P. G (1918). Picadilly Jim. London: Herbert Jenkins. OCLC 1043488367. Archived from the original on 15 February 2022. Every one knows that young Lord Datchet was ejected from the Empire Music-Hall on Boat-Race night every year during his residence at Oxford University, but nobody minds. The family treats it as a joke.

9. ^ Wodehouse, P. G. (2008) [1925]. Carry On, Jeeves (Reprinted ed.). London: Arrow Books. pp. 169-172. ISBN 978-0099513698. OCLC 819281833. Abstemious cove though I am as a general thing, there is one night in the year when, putting all other engagements aside, I am rather apt to let myself go a bit and renew my lost youth, as it were. The night to which I allude is the one following the annual aquatic contest between the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge; or, putting it another way, Boat-Race Night. Then, if ever, you will see Bertram under the influence. And on this occasion, I freely admit, I had been doing myself rather juicily

10. ^ "Jeeves Takes Charge". Jeeves and Wooster. Season 1. Episode 1. 22 April 1990. 1 minutes in.

11. ^ Wodehouse, P. G. (August 1918). "Jeeves and the Chump Cyril". The Strand Magazine. 56 (312): 126-134. p. 127: When I was up at Oxford, I used to have a regular job bailing out a pal of mine who never failed to get pinched every Boat-Race night, and he always looked like something that had been dug up by the roots.

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The Boat Race is an annual set of rowing races between the Cambridge University Boat Club and the Oxford University Boat Club, traditionally rowed between open-weight eights on the River Thames in London, England. It is also known as the University Boat Race and the Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race.

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The goals of the trip and its organization actually resemble how a television news producer today would proceed to cover a foreign war, except for the travel time. What can be produced in days today, took months. Any story done in Europe, much less the Middle East, meant a tremendous amount of time for logistics.

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Dr. Carmen d'Sousa
(Sophie Ellis Bextor)

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Dr. Carmen d'Sousa
(Sophie Ellis Bextor)

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Spiller - Groovejet (If This Ain't Love) (Official Video HQ)

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Post-war offices were often sexually charged realms, but they were also places where harassment was rife, recounts Lucy Kellaway.

Anyone who has ever watched Mad Men knows that the 1950s and 1960s were the most amount of fun it was ever possible to have in an office.

The booze. The cigarettes. The clothes. Those extraordinary pointy bras, and above all, the sex.

Compare that with our own offices where there is no booze, no fags and so little flirting that when the other day a colleague told me he liked my shirt, he promptly apologised for having put his foot in it.

In the last 60 years or so our attitude to sex at work has moved from denial to delight to disapproval to disallowing.

Find out more

Lucy Kellaway is an author and Financial Times columnist

Sex and the Office is broadcast at 13:45 BST on 30 July

Episode eight, Designing Office Space, is broadcast at 13:45 BST on 31 July

The Magazine is running a fortnight of articles based on edited transcripts from this series

The prevailing mood has changed so often that it's been hard to keep up. So how did we come to be so confused?

Human beings have always been prone to a spot of bad behaviour. But when women arrived in the office, the opportunities for misbehaving reached a whole new level.

And the object of desire? The secretary of course.

By the early 20th Century the secretary had become a cultural type. Girls wanted to grow up to be one. Boys thought they'd marry one.

The ideal candidate was someone who could be an "office wife" - matching the duties in the office that the wife did at home.

Early manuals of secretarial skills read like guides to a successful marriage.

"Learn his preferences and obey them even if you do not always agree with his ideas or methods. Naturally a man likes to have his wants attended to, who doesn't? Assume that he is always right."

Listen to the series on BBC iPlayer

Omnibus: Episodes 1-5

The invention of the manager

The job was a complicated one. Secretaries had to manage not only their boss, but also the boss's wife.

"There was this real tension between the wife who's jealous and the secretary who thinks that the wife is spending all the boss's money," says Julie Berebitsky, author of Sex and the Office.

Greetings card from the 1940s
As an office wife you make the grade You fret and fuss and scold But after five you're all alone Small comfort when you're old
Famous office romances

Bill and Melinda Gates - Melinda French joined Microsoft in 1986. Met Gates at a press event in 1987 and they married in 1994

Barack and Michelle Obama - Michelle Robinson was the current president's mentor as he interned at a Chicago law firm in 1989. They married in 1992

Bill Clinton and Monica Lewinsky - The former president faced impeachment charges in 1998 after an "improper physical relationship" with White House intern Lewinsky

John Major and Edwina Currie - Married former Conservative PM had a four-year affair with fellow MP Currie from 1984-1988

"The office wife has to buy birthday gifts for the wife. Really the question is who does more for this man, is it the wife in office or the wife at home?"

But it wasn't always men sharking after the secretaries, it could be the other way round.

One secretary in New York in the mid-1930s was most eager for her boss to kiss her.

"Sometimes on my job in taking dictation, certain terms I associate with sex and make me blush," she wrote.

"Words like 'ball bearing' excite me. My boss sort of interests me, I would enjoy his kisses, but he never comes near me."

Even if Don Draper himself was doing the dictating, I struggle to see how ball bearings could be in any way exciting. But there you go.

Yet even without the help of the steel balls, affairs happened. And sometimes they ended very nastily indeed.

Connie Nicholas was a secretary at Eli Lilly in Indiana in the 1940s. She had a long, tempestuous affair with her boss, which ended when he dumped her in favour of another, younger secretary.

Nicholas wasn't best pleased. So displeased, in fact, that she shot him three times, got into his company car - a white Cadillac - and drove off. She then failed to kill herself and ended up in prison.

'Secretary wives' and polygamy

"A secretary offers the only kind of polygamy we recognize in this country, the chance to have a second wife at the same time you have your first one and not go to jail.

"If you select her carefully, she can be the loveliest of all fringe benefits. And to think, the company pays for her."
Helen Gurley Brown in 1962
Then, as now, companies didn't get their response right. It was decided that the real problem wasn't the sex but the cars - there were to be no more white Cadillacs at Eli Lilly. All executives had to trade in their cars or get them resprayed.

By the 1950s and 1960s, things were beginning to change. The marriage bar - which stopped women continuing to work after their wedding - was breaking down and the possibility of a proper career was opening up.

In industries like advertising and publishing, women were starting to advance beyond the position of secretary. Rona Jaffe describes in her autobiographical novel, The Best of Everything, what it was like working publishing in New York in the late 1950s.

Martinis were compulsory at 5pm and there was the perennial dilemma - when your boss puts his hand on your knee do you smile sweetly and pray for a rise, or do you knee him in the groin?

Helen Gurley Brown, the late editor of Cosmopolitan, knew the answer to that question.

More from the Magazine series

How the office was invented

The ancient Chinese exam that inspired modern job recruitment

The invention of the career ladder

The arrival of women in the office

Do we still need the telephone?

Are there too many managers?

"You see, I don't think it's wrong to use your sex appeal and femininity to get ahead on a job. In fact, I can't think of a better way to do it," she said.

She had worked her way up through 17 different secretarial jobs and ended up as a copywriter on Madison Avenue, the best paid in the business.

Her advice to women: "You get to a man by dealing with him on his professional level, then stay around to charm and sexually zonk him."

Gurley Brown's first book, Sex and the Single Girl, sold two million copies in its first three weeks. In 1962, people loved it and hated it, but reading it now 50 years later it still hasn't quite lost its power to shock.

"Managements who think romances lower the work output are right out of their skulls," she writes.
This piece is based on an edited transcript of Lucy Kellaway's History of Office Life, produced by Russell Finch, of Somethin' Else, for Radio 4. Episode eight, Designing Office Space, is broadcast at 13:45 BST on 31 July
"A girl in love with her boss will knock herself out seven days a week and wish there were more days. Tough on her, but fabulous for business."

But now I think of it, a newspaper editor said the very same thing to me not so long ago. He loves it when his staff have affairs as they work so much harder.

By the 1970s, the women's movement was taking hold. In 1977 a woman's group ran a competition among secretaries to find the most demeaning personal errand demanded by their boss.

Finalists included delivering stolen office supplies to his home address, photographing the boss before, during, and after shaving off his moustache, cleaning his false teeth and picking up his wife and newborn baby at the hospital.

But by then women were starting to do equal work, and unequal behaviour was becoming unacceptable. In a New York court case in 1975, the term "sexual harassment" was heard for the first time - bottom pinching and lascivious remarks were on the way out.

Laws were written making sexual harassment illegal, and companies responded with love contracts - solemn declarations signed by employees, telling them who they could and couldn't date.

No-one took the blindest bit of notice.

But still, it's a long way from the offices that Gurley Brown worked in, which she said were, "sexier than Turkish harems, fraternity house weekends or the Playboy centrefold".

I'm now one of three women on the board of an insurance company and I can assure you that a less sexually charged environment would be quite hard to find.

But there's still a lingering obsession with top women executives who sexually exploit young men. There are plenty of examples in fiction. But real life examples? So far, zilch.

But that's the thing about sex and offices. Unless the jilted underling ends up putting a bullet in the boss's head - or they use the firm's email - you never get to hear about it.

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Post-war offices were often sexually charged realms, but they were also places where harassment was rife, recounts Lucy Kellaway. Anyone who has ever watched Mad Men knows that the 1950s and 1960s were the most amount of fun it was ever possible to have in an office. The booze. The cigarettes.

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Hunting euphemism for the killing of the fox. Also known as Bowled Over, Brought to Book, Punished, Dealt With.

See Cub hunting

A hound babbles when it speaks unnecessarily.

A coursed hare has balled up feet when they are clay clogged.

People on foot moving in a line abreast to drive an animal quarry towards guns or hunters.

Hounds are said to be biddable when they are at their most responsive, that is, when they have just checked.

A huntsman and hounds draw a blank when they fail to put up a quarry from the area they were searching. The covert can said to be blank.Failure to find quarry all day is a blank day.

The legal term for a corporation, i.e. a limited company.

To cause the quarry to leave a place of shelter or underground refuge so that it may be chased or killed. In fox and mink hunting the quarry was often bolted by use of terriers so that it could be hunted again by hounds.

Two foxes, hares or game birds.

The quarry is said to break when it leaves a covert.

The eating of the quarry by hounds.

Hounds bring a deer to bay to bay when they run it to exhaustion and it turns to face them.

The fox's tail.

A male Fallow or Roe deer; also a male hare.

Any hunting day other than on that is advertised; an extra day.

A donation made by hut supporters on the day of the meet.

When hounds search for the lost line of the quarry.The huntsman may take charge of the pack and cast the hounds towards where he/she thinks the hounds will pick up the line or the hounds may cast themselves.

Hunting term for the fox. Also Charles James and Mr Todd.

When hounds temporarily lose the line.

The killing of the quarry by the hounds without a chase.

When a hare has stopped and hides herself by flattening her body on the ground.

See Seat.

The area within which a particular pack hunts.

Two hounds. Packs of hounds are counted in couples. A single hound is one hound, not half a couple.

Pronounced "cover". Generally used to describe a wood but also a hedge, gorse, thicket or field where a fox may lay for shelter.

See Speak.

The period immediately preceding fox hunting. Starts from around mid to late August until the Opening meet normally the last Saturday in October or the first Saturday in November when young hounds are trained to hunt and fox cubs are predominately hunted. Also known as Autumn hunting.

The use of spades, metal bars or even adapted walking sticks to dig down into a tunnel system to find a fox. Terriers were used to locate the fox before it was killed.

A female Fallow deer or Roe deer. also a female hare.

Scent left by a hare or a mink. In drag hunting the drag is the artificial scent laid for the hounds to follow.

When hounds search through covert in search of the quarry.

To draw a covert without finding the quarry.

An underground tunnel where a fox may take refuge that can include a badger sett or drain.

Someone employed by the hunt to block or 'stop' fox earths and badger setts in the areas to be hunted. This occurs prior to the hunt taking place, normally the night before.

An entered hound is one that has hunted for one season or more. During the first season the hound may be referred to an an un-entered hound.

Hunting with the aid of birds of prey.

When a hound thinks it owns the line but is uncertain it will not speak and instead will wave its tail (stern) or 'feather' and move along the assumed line.

The use of dogs to cause the quarry to flee from it's cover.

Any smell or disturbed ground that spoils the line.

See Seat.

When the quarry is allowed to escape.

When the fox has left covert and the chase is on.

See Gone to ground.

When the hunted fox has taken refuge underground; usually a fox earth or badger sett but could include a drain, log pile or hay bale. Also Gone to Earth and Run to Ground.

A local deer expert employed by a stag hunt to select a suitable stag for hunting.

Hare coursing is the pursuit of hares by two dogs, predominantly greyhounds. The dogs are released from leads by a man called a "slipper" to chase the hare, and judges assess their skill in making the hare "turn" as it flees.

When the quarry is made to change direction.

Hounds are hunting heel or are hunting the heel line when they hunt the line in the opposite direction to which the quarry has run.

The hunted hare is referred to as 'her' irrespective of whether it is male or female.

The hunted fox is always referred to as 'him' irrespective of whether it is male or female.

Female Red deer.

Fox hunting: Positioning the field/foot followers around a covert to keep the fox cubs and hounds inside during cub hunting. Hare hunting: Keeping the hounds in a tight group around the huntsman.

Pronounced 'holler'. A high-pitched yell made by a person who has seen the quarry to attract the attention of the huntsman and is often accompanied by holding a cap or arm in the air in the direction taken by the quarry.

Dogs that hunt by scent are referred to as hounds.

A sharp right-angled turn by the quarry to evade the pursuing hounds.

When hounds are introduced to the line.

Fox hunting: The start given to a bolted fox before the hounds are released onto it's line. Hare coursing: The start given to a hare before the greyhounds are released.

The scent left by the running quarry.

A radio receiving device used to track the signals from a radio transmitting device which is attached to the collar of a terrier used underground. The terrierman scans the ground above the tunnel system listening for the signal which indicated the progress and position of the terrier underground. Also Terrier finder.

When hounds bay at the entrance of an earth or place where a fox has sought refuge.

See Mark.

The dead fox or hare's head.

The arranged meeting place of a hunt.

A list of dates and times when hunting will take place along with the location of the meet.

The start of formal hunting.

When hounds shoot passed a change in direction of the line.

Hounds are said to own the line when they pick up a scent.

Hunting term for the dead fox's paws.

The distance from putting up the quarry to the place at which hounds kill or lose it, measured as the crow flies. The actual distance is described 'as the hounds ran'.

The whipper-in or member of the field positioned at a strategic point on the edge of a covert to alert the huntsman if the quarry breaks.

Hunting term for a hare.

An animal is said to be put up when it is frightened by the hounds into running from them rather than remaining where it is.

The hunted animal in any kind of hunting.

A tweed jacket. Worn during cub hunting and by visitors riding with the hunt.

When a hound is reprimanded. The huntsman or whipper-in rates a hound or hounds when it/they riots or strays too far from the pack. He/she will shout in harsh tones "leave it", "get back to 'im" or similar and can be accompanied with whip cracking.

When hounds hunt something other than their intended quarry.

See Gone to ground.

See Seat.

Runs from the 1st May to the 30th April. The actual start of hunting varies between different hunts and types of hunting.

The small depression in the ground dug by a hare in which she lays. Also known as Scrape or Form.

The structure that hides the 'slipper' from the hare as it is urged forward into the field at a hare coursing event.

A fox is said to be sinking when it is very tired.

The person who releases the two greyhounds to chase a hare at a coursing event.

The feet of deer or their footprints. The slots are removed after the kill and mounted.

Hounds are said to speak or are speaking when they yelp or bark excitedly when following a scent. Also known as Giving tongue, Voice or In cry.

To hunt quarry by following it stealthily or waiting in ambush.

A hound's tail.

The practice of blocking up fox earth and badger sett entrances prior to a hunt taking place, to prevent the hunted fox from going to ground.

Pronounced Tally-O. A call made to indicate that a fox has been seen. If the huntsman is not in speaking distance a 'holloa' would be given instead.

A call to indicate that the fox has left covert. Also Gone away.

A call to indicate that the fox has returned to covert from whence it came.

Call made to indicate that the fox has crossed a road, track or a clearing in covert. Also Tally-Over.

The mating season for deer and runs from the end of September to November. During the rut or rutting period mature stags leave their bachelor groups to seek out hinds at traditional rutting sites where they attempt to defend groups of hinds in an attempt to prevent mating from other stags. During the rut the stags will engage in roaring contests which may escalate in parallel walking and locking of antlers.

When hounds lose the line and check they lift their heads and look around for help or 'throw up'.

See Speak.

Term used for hounds that are not looked after as a pack but by individuals and brought together as a pack on hunting days.

The more experienced hounds in a pack used to separate the harboured stag from the rest of the herd.

See Speak.

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Accounted for Hunting euphemism for the killing of the fox. Also known as Bowled Over, Brought to Book, Punished, Dealt With. Autumn hunting See Cub hunting Babble A hound babbles when it speaks unnecessarily. Balled up A coursed hare has balled up feet when they are clay clogged.

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The Sainte-Anne Hospital Center (French: centre hospitalier Sainte-Anne) is a hospital located in the 14th arrondissement of Paris, specializing in psychiatry, neurology, neurosurgery, neuroimaging and addiction. With its creation dating to 1651, the organization remains, along with the Esquirol Hospital in Saint-Maurice, the symbol of psychiatric asylums in France.

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תל אביב - מאה שנה ב 15 דקות Tel Aviv - 100 Years in 15 Minutes

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Lockheed had been working on the L-044 Excalibur, a four-engine, pressurized airliner, since 1937. In 1939, Trans World Airlines (TWA), at the instigation of major stockholder Howard Hughes, requested a 40-passenger transcontinental airliner with a range of 3,500 mi (5,600 km)-well beyond the capabilities of the Excalibur design.

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You searched for: leather duffle bag! Etsy is the home to thousands of handmade, vintage, and one-of-a-kind products and gifts related to your search. No matter what you're looking for or where you are in the world, our global marketplace of sellers can help you find unique and affordable options.

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Several cars have been graced with the 'Monte Carlo' designation, but not many of them were as elegant as the Ford Comète Monte Carlo. The car can in fact be named as the forerunner of the great Facel-Vegas of the late 1950s, as the idea for a French-built Grand Tourer sprung from the mind of industrialist and Facel-Vega instigator Jean Daninos. First he teamed up with Pininfarina to build a small series of the Bentley Cresta. A beautiful car, for sure, but perhaps not quite French enough?

Enter the Ford Comète, launched in Paris in 1951. This was a French Ford unlike any other. Using the Flat head V8 engine of 2.2 litre that the Ford Vedette used, too, it was powerful. But using a Daninos-supervised Pininfarina-inspired coupe-body of aluminium made it one of the prettiest car France saw in the early 1950s. What was next? It was the Monte Carlo version, launched in Brussels in 1954. Now with truck-sourced Ford V8 of 3.9 litres capacity, it was more powerful and quicker, also due to a new gearbox. And then there was the added luxury. Wire wheels, chromed grille aperture (dubbed 'coupe-frites' by the French who saw it as a (French) fry cutter), air intake on the bonnet (no function though), gorgeous dash in stainless steel and lovely leather interior.

It was not meant to be, though, as the Monte Carlo proved to be way too expensive at its time. And despite its name it wasn't very succesful at the Monte Carlo Rallye either. By October 1955 Simca had taken over Ford of France and the model was dropped. Less than 800 Monte Carlos were built. Just 30 are believed to survive in France. There is one for sale at the moment in lovely two-tone yellow and black with a black leather interior. An excellent example of the breed, fully restored by its previous owner. See it for sale here.

(Words editor, picture PostWarClassic)

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Several cars have been graced with the 'Monte Carlo' designation, but not many of them were as elegant as the Ford Comète Monte Carlo. The car can in fact be named as the forerunner of the great Facel-Vegas of the late 1950s, as the idea for a French-built Grand Tourer sprung from the mind of industrialist and Facel-Vega instigator Jean Daninos.

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wip only no idea how I made this

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A gentlemen's club, or formerly[clarification needed ] traditional gentlemen's club, is a members-only private club originally set up by and for British upper-class men in the 18th century, and popularised by English upper middle-class men and women in the late 19th century and early 20th century.

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The invention of polo is dated variously from the 6th century BC to the 1st century AD. Its exact origins are unknown, although China, India, Iran, Mongolia and Pakistan all claim to be the birthplace of polo. Valuable for training cavalry, the game was played from Constantinople to Japan by the Middle Ages.

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Working with Academy Award-winning Fredric March and wooing (onscreen) 30-year-old Margaret Sullavan, recently nominated for an Oscar, Ford's shy, ardent young refugee riveted attention even in such stellar company. "Glenn Ford, a most promising newcomer," wrote The New York Times's Bosley Crowther in a review on February 28, 1941, "draws more substance and appealing simplicity from his role of the boy than any one else in the cast."

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....C'est dans une grande clairière de l'une des forêts royales qui entourent Paris, la plus proche de l'aéroport Roissy Charles de Gaulle que se situe, sur les terres de la grande ferme du village d'Apremont, le Polo Club du Domaine de Chantilly.

Ce club est à la fois un lieu de compétitions de niveau mondial et un havre de bonheur pour les cavaliers amateurs ayant adopté le plus anciens des sports d'équipe. Au gré des saisons, se retrouvent, autour d'une même passion pour le cheval et la compétition de polo, ceux qui ont fondé ce club, leurs enfants et petits-enfants.

Ces familles de sportifs s'agrandissent chaque année avec de nouveaux membres qui découvrent à chaque printemps de grands joueurs étrangers, et aiment se réunir près de Paris tout en profitant de la beauté de notre région à l'ombre des Collections du Château de Chantilly.

La qualité de nos terrains et de notre organisation nous a désigné pour organiser un Championnat du Monde, deux Championnats d'Europe. Toutefois notre fierté est avant tout de permettre à un enfant qui débute d'être accompagné dans la sécurité, à un champion d'être assuré des meilleures conditions internationales, et enfin à un solitaire de trouver, dans un coin idyllique de Picardie à 40 minutes de la Tour Eiffel, de grands herbages dans le silence de la campagne verdoyante.
- PATRICK GUERRAND-HERMÈS
.. Fondateur du Polo Club du Domaine de Chantilly
Close to Charles de Gaulle airport, the " Chantilly Polo Club " is located in a large clearing of one of the royal forests surrounding Paris on the grounds of the big village farm of Apremont.

This club has all the qualities of a place for world level competitions and is a heaven for amateur riders who have adopted this antique team game. Throughout the seasons, sharing the same passion for horses and polo, are gathered the founders of the club, their children and even their grand children.

Each year, the number of sport loving families is increasing with new members who discover every springtime many famous international players who love to gather near Paris and appreciate the beauty of the countryside along with the marvels of the Chantilly Castle.

The quality of our fields and our organization has allowed us to shelter one "World Championship and two European Championships" but, above all, our pride is to give a child beginner the possibility to learn in full safety, for a champion to be provided with the best international standards and for a solitaire to be able to enjoy the ideal landscape of Picardie just 40 minutes away from the Eiffel tower and to appreciate the silence of endless meadows and the calm of the countryside.

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1er Club Français de Polo avec 9 terrains - École de Polo pour tous niveaux - ouvert toute l'année avec 50 tournois - à 45 Km de Paris 1st French Polo Club with 9 fields - Polo school for all levels - open all year round with 50 tournaments - 45 Km from Paris

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Hotel La Lousiane is a hotel on Rue de Seine in Paris, France. It is most associated with jazz musicians of the 1950s and 1960s. Oscar Peterson, Miles Davis, Bud Powell, Max Roach, Dizzy Gillespie, Art Blakey, Billie Holiday, Lester Young and Charlie Parker all stayed at the hotel.

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Type S57 B et S57 C

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Mikkelsen became more widely known for his role as Tristan in Jerry Bruckheimer's production King Arthur (2004), but achieved worldwide recognition for playing the main antagonist Le Chiffre in the twenty-first film, Casino Royale (2006).

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Thucydides (; Greek: Θουκυδίδης Thoukydídēs [tʰuːkydídɛːs]; c. 460 - c. 400 BC) was an Athenian historian and general. His History of the Peloponnesian War recounts the fifth-century BC war between Sparta and Athens until the year 411 BC.

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new villain name - Gulag female guard

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Women's Battalion of Death - Everything2.com

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An all-female combat unit formed in 1917 after the Russian February Revolution of 1917|February Revolution in Russia. First deployed in the calamitous J...

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villain / henchmen (woman)

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Fifteen formations were created in 1917, including the 1st Russian Women's Battalion of Death, a separate unit called the 1st Petrograd Women's Battalion formed a few weeks later in Petrograd, the 2nd Moscow Women's Battalion of Death created in Moscow, and the 3rd Kuban Women's Shock Battalion organized in Ekaterinodar.

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David Thewlis (born David Wheeler; born 20 March 1963) is an English actor, director, screenwriter, and author. He first rose to promience for playing Johnny Fletched in the film (1993), for which he won the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor.

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Harold Pinter

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https://i.pinimg.com/236x/e0/80/f7/e080f7c0c6d9f624e8c8c8ddbb160ff3--humour-cinema.jpg

https://i.pinimg.com/236x/e0/80/f7/e080f7c0c6d9f624e8c8c8ddbb160ff3--humour-cinema.jpg

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famous French actors 1958 - Google Search

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Holt's Jaguar

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The Jaguar XK150 was manufactured between 1957 and 1961 and despite having a family resemblance to the XK120 and XK140, the XK150 was radically modernised. A one piece windscreen replaced the split screen and the wing line no longer dropped as much over the doors.

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Caxton Petrie

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John Bernard Lee (10 January 1908 - 16 January 1981), known as Bernard Lee, was an English actor, best known for his role as M in the first eleven Eon-produced James Bond films. Lee's film career spanned the years 1934 to 1979, though he had appeared on stage from the age of six.

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Sebastian Holt

more of a rapier than a blunt instrument...