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Thomas Hooker was a prominent Puritan colonial leader, who founded the Colony of Connecticut after dissenting with Puritan leaders in Massachusetts. He was known as an outstanding speaker and an advocate of universal Christian suffrage.

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Separatist. religion. Alternative Title: Independents. Separatist, also called Independent, any of the English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who wished to separate from the perceived corruption of the Church of England and form independent local churches.

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Roger Williams was a Puritan minister, theologian, and author who founded the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. He was a staunch advocate for religious freedom, separation of church and state, and fair dealings with American Indians, and he was one of the first abolitionists.

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Peter Stuyvesant, Dutch Petrus Stuyvesant, (born c. 1592, Scherpenzeel, Friesland, Netherlands—died February 1672, near New York, New York [U.S.]), Dutch colonial governor who tried to resist the English seizure of New York.

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John Rolfe arrived in Jamestown along with 150 other settlers in 1610, as part of a new charter organized by the Virginia Company. He began experimenting with growing tobacco, eventually using seeds grown in the West Indies to develop Virginia’s first profitable export.

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Anne Hutchinson was an influential Puritan spiritual leader in colonial Massachusetts who challenged the male-dominated religious authorities of the time.

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The Virginia Company was a joint stock company that was approved by King James I to create new settlements in the colony of Virginia. A joint stock company is a business organization with which investors pooled money in order to purchase stock in a company.

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Grains, such as corn, wheat, and rice, are the world's most popular food crops. In fact, these crops are often the basis for food staples. A food staple is a food that makes up the dominant part of a population's diet.

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Protestantism is the second largest form of Christianity with collectively between 800 million

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The Pilgrims or Pilgrim Fathers were the first English settlers of the Plymouth Colony in Plymouth, Massachusetts.

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Mercantilism is a national economic policy that is designed to maximize the exports of a nation.

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The Mayflower Compact was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony. It was written by the male passengers of the Mayflower, consisting of separatist Puritans, adventurers, and tradesmen. The Puritans were fleeing from religious persecution by King James of England.

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The Massachusetts Bay Colony was an English settlement on the east coast of North America in the 17th century around the Massachusetts Bay, the northernmost of the several colonies later reorganized as the Province of Massachusetts Bay.

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A joint-stock company is a business entity in which shares of the company's stock can be bought and sold by shareholders. Each shareholder owns company stock in proportion, evidenced by their shares. Shareholders are able to transfer their shares to others without any effects to the continued existence of the company.

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Dutch West India Company was a chartered company of Dutch merchants as well as foreign investors.

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a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold, such as copper or coffee.

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a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country.

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The Church of England has been the official church in England for about 450 years.

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Vaquero is the Spanish word for a cattle herder, and vaqueros in Mexico were the first cowboys in North America. Vaqueros herded cattle in Mexico and brought longhorn cattle north to what is now Texas in the 1860s, where the cattle were left to roam free. Vaqueros developed the system of letting cattle graze on the open range and then herding and branding the cattle to bring them to ranches.

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The triangular trade was a series of transatlantic trade routes that—when plotted on a map—roughly resembled triangles. Traders used one of these trade routes to ship enslaved Africans to the Americas. Typically a ship full of manufactured goods would set sail from a European port headed for the west coast of Africa.

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The forced migration of millions of captured and enslaved people from Africa to the Americas is known as the transatlantic slave trade. The slave trade began in the late 1400s. Europeans initially traded in the Caribbean and then began trading with American colonies.

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Trade is the exchange of goods and services by sale or barter. It is driven both by the need for resources and by the amount of resources that a trader has on hand. Archaeologists studying prehistoric sites have found artifacts indicating that trade took place early on in human history.

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A mission is an organized effort by Christians to spread their religious faith. In the 1600s and 1700s, the term was used to described settlements in North America that were established by Spanish Catholic priests to spread their religion to Native Americans. The majority of the missions that the Spanish established were in what is now the southwestern United States, from Texas to California.

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The Middle Passage was a term used to describe the middle part of an enslaved person’s journey from Africa to the Americas. The first part of the journey was from the Africans’ home villages to the west coast of Africa, where the captives were kept locked up after being kidnapped.

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An indentured servant is a worker who agrees to provide a service for a specified time in return for some form of payment. For example, a young man wishing to learn the cobbler’s trade might indenture himself as an apprentice to an experienced cobbler for three years.

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An epidemic is an outbreak of an infectious disease that affects an unusually large number of people and lasts for a long time. Outbreaks become epidemics when they spread beyond the local population to a wider geographic area.

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The term environment refers to the physical surroundings in which plants, animals, and humans live. Different locations have different environments. These differences are based on the soil, climate, and other living things that are located at each location.

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The encomienda was the system that the Spanish government used to try to control Native Americans in the American colonies in the 1500s. Through this system the Spanish crown granted a certain number of Native Americans in a particular area to Spanish conquistadors, soldiers, or other officials.

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Conquistadors is a term used to refer to the soldiers and explorers of the Spanish Empire or the Portuguese Empire in a general sense. During the Age of Discovery, conquistadors sailed beyond Europe to the Americas, Oceania, Africa, and Asia, conquering territory and opening trade routes.

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An instrument used for taking angular measurements of altitude in astronomy and navigation, typically consisting of a graduated quarter circle and a sighting mechanism.

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A person chosen, named, or honored as a special guardian, protector, or supporter a patron of the arts.

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The Northwest Passage is, from the European and northern Atlantic point of view, the sea route to the Pacific Ocean through the Arctic Ocean, along the northern coast of North America via waterways through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.

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An open rebellion against the proper authorities, especially by soldiers or sailors against their officers.

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A lateen or latin-rig is a triangular sail set on a long yard mounted at an angle on the mast, and running in a fore-and-aft direction. Dating back to Roman navigation, the lateen became the favorite sail of the Age of Discovery, mainly because it allows a boat to tack "against the wind."

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A journey or voyage undertaken by a group of people with a particular purpose, especially that of exploration, scientific research, or war.

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Conquistadors is a term used to refer to the soldiers and explorers of the Spanish Empire or the Portuguese Empire in a general sense. During the Age of Discovery, conquistadors sailed beyond Europe to the Americas, Oceania, Africa, and Asia, conquering territory and opening trade routes.

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A compass is an instrument used for navigation and orientation that shows direction relative to the geographic cardinal directions. Usually, a diagram called a compass rose shows the directions north, south, east, and west on the compass face as abbreviated initials.

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Circumnavigation is the complete navigation around an entire island, continent, or astronomical body. The first known circumnavigation of Earth was the Magellan-Elcano expedition, which sailed from Seville, Spain in 1519 and returned in 1522, after crossing the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans.

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The caravel was a small, highly maneuverable sailing ship developed in the 15th century by the Portuguese to explore along the West African coast and into the Atlantic Ocean. The lateen sails gave it speed and the capacity for sailing windward.

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An instrument formerly used to make astronomical measurements, typically of the altitudes of celestial bodies, and in navigation for calculating latitude, before the development of the sextant.

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A tipi is a cone-shaped tent, traditionally made of animal skins upon wooden poles.

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Pueblo refers to communities of Native Americans, both in the present and in ancient times.

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Natural resources are resources that exist without actions of humankind. This includes all valued characteristics such as magnetic, gravitational, electrical properties and forces etc.

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Longhouses were homes that the Native Americans called Iroquois built and lived in.

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A kiva is a room used by Puebloans for religious rituals and political meetings, many of them associated with the kachina belief system.

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The Iroquois or Haudenosaunee (People of the Longhouse) are a historically powerful northeast Native American confederacy.

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Ancient empires may refer to a number of empires in ancient history.

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The Algonquian are one of the most populous and widespread North American native language groups. Today, thousands of individuals identify with various Algonquian peoples.

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A totem is a spirit being, sacred object, or symbol that serves as an emblem of a group of people, such as a family, clan, lineage, or tribe.

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The system of checks and balances is used to keep the government from getting too powerful in one branch. For example, the Executive Branch can veto bills from the Legislative Branch, but the Legislative Branch can override the veto.

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the act of amending or correcting. a statement that is added to or revises or improves a proposal or document

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The Bill of Rights are the first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution.

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making something valid by formally ratifying or confirming it; "the ratification of the treaty"; "confirmation of the appointment" Similar Words: confirmation.

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Access Google Sites with a personal Google account or Google Workspace account (for business use).

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settlement of differences by arbitration or by consent reached by mutual concessions.

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A constitution is a set of rules that guides how a country, state, or other political organization works.

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The system of rules and the people who make and administer them is known as a government.