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About 40 million years ago, the simiformes split into 2, new wold monkeys and old world monkeys. The new world monkeys were located in South America, and old world Monkeys were located in Africa. Old world monkeys have downward facing nostrils, whereas new world monkeys have upward facing nostrils. It is said that this difference can be due to the different way the monkey prey, smelling for their food. When the two species of monkeys split, the ocean climates and currents were very different, and it is hypothesized that the monkeys traveled across the ocean on a landbridge , since there is no fossil evidence.

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The Night Monkey can live in both lowland tropical forests and cloud forests. They are found in primary, secondary, and remnant forests. Night monkeys are short and dense. They have wooly, gray fur. Night monkeys, along with all other new world monkeys, have a flat nose and outward facing nostrils. They have long prehensile tails. Night Monkeys are the only species of New world Monkeys that are nocturnal. they have excellent vision.

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The type of Natural Selection in New World Monkeys varies between directional and stabilizing. Directional selection is shown in  night monkeys. Night monkeys travel in packs at night, all together. They mate only with each other, so the traits in that species are all the same. Stabilizing selection is shown in the brown headed spider, since they mate with different breeds only traits may vary, with only the best fit monkeys surviving. Typical traits to these monkeys are long tails so they can swing from trees, allowing them to escape predators, and get food.

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The New wold monkeys have species in certain areas that cross-breed, and some that don't. Night monkeys do not cross breed. They travel in packs, and only mate with each other. The gene flow this area of the forests stays the same since no cross breeding occurs. The titi monkeys and spider monkeys both cross-breed with each other, causing a mix of traits. This is why these two species of monkeys share most of the same traits.

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Archaelurus debilus
From the Tertiary time period. Fossil depicts large sharp teeth most likely used to capture prey or defend itself. Small in stature with long claws and long legs.
http://paleoportal-dev.berkeley.edu/media/submissions/6/98040_submission_image_653_medium.jpg

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Bobwilsonomys tedfordi
From the Tertiary period in Nevada. The teeth in this fossil are flat, showing that it was probably a herbivore along with new world monkeys.
http://paleoportal-dev.berkeley.edu/media/submissions/6/68843_submission_image_605_medium.jpg

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Agriochoerus guyotianus
An extinct genus of terrestrial herbivore, and resided in North America.They were medium sized, approximately 187 pounds, and possessed claws which was rare during their time.
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-yItrNPgdia8/UDbEjyDYt8I/AAAAAAAAA4k/O1ZGoQO5tFA/s1600/03.1.1.4+-+X+(Agriochoerus+guyotianus)+1.jpg

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Arctodus simus
Also known as the bull-dog bear or short face bear. This bear has a low forehead and eyes spread far apart giving him excellent vision.  They were found in North America from Alaska to Central Mexico.  This bears diet was meat.  He had long legs and a leaner build than bears today and was able to run as fast as 40 mph giving him the ability to out run his prey. This animal was extinct over 12,000 years ago largely due to humans hunting and depleting their food supply. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Arctodus_simus_%289277309842%29.jpg

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mammoth tusk
The woolly mammoth can also be referred to as Mammuthus primigenius. This extinct elephant was a species of mammoth. A more common name for the wholly mammoth was genus Mammuthus. This woolly mammoth was one of the last of the mammoth species.  The species began in the early Pliocene times with Mammuthus subplanifrons about 200,000 years ago in eastern Asia.
The wholly mammoth has 2 large, long tusks that could measure 10-13 feet in length. Together they weigh approximately 6 tons. Scientist can determine the age of a mammoth by the detailed rings of the tusk. For example, darker rings reveal the years while lighter lines revealed days or months. There is evidence that tusks where used by humans for tools and weapons.
https://cdn-s3.touchofmodern.com/products/000/887/661/ec322f3f68bbef5990390e6a266ee4ba_large.jpg?1511381621

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The brown headed spider posses the typical characteristics of a new world monkey. It has a long prehensile tail which is uses to swing from trees, a flat nose and outward facing nostrils. The spider monkey has relish colored fur. It has long, narrow limbs and no thumbs. Spider monkeys live in the rainforests of South Africa, an have a lifespan of about 24 years. They eat both fruit and insects.

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The Yellow handed tit is located in the lowland forests of the amazon, they prefer forests on white sand soils. They have reddish-brown fur, and they are the only New world Monkeys that do not have long prehensile tails. although, they do still have theft nose and outward facing nostrils. They are the biggest in size of all new world monkeys. Titis feed in the early morning. Adult male monkeys of this species are typically the lack leaders.

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Speciation varies between the different species included in new world monkeys. For example, Yellow handed Titis mate with only one partner, producing only one offspring. This controls the population in the area and doesn't allow for mixing of breeds, keeping the population at all yellow handed titis. The yellow handed titi is involved in reproductive isolation. The brown headed spider monkeys produce offspring every 3-4 years, keeping the population consistently growing. Night monkeys produce 1-3 offspring, but only mate with each other, so that mixed breeds do not occur. Since most species only mate with each-other, this keeps all the same species alive, not allowing any species to die off.

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Kingdom- animalia
Phylum- chordata
Class- mammalia
Order- primates
Family- atelidae
Genus- atlese
https://pix4d.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/pix4d-use-case-preserving-spider-monkey-environmental-monitoring.jpg

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Kingdom- animalia
Phylum- chordata
Class- mammalia
Order- primates
Family- atelidae
Genus- alouatta
https://www.joelsartore.com/assets/stock/ANI040/ANI040-00551-400x267.jpg?x21176

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Kingdom- animalia
Phylum- chordata
Class- mammalia
Order- primates
Family- calitrichidae
Genus- sagunius
https://vignette.wikia.nocookie.net/buinzoo2012/images/2/2d/%C3%8Dndice.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20120809145402