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10% of the energy from one level passes to the next. The other 90% is used for growth, lost as heat, animal movement, anabolic processes.

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because as you go up each level, the organisms loose heat and only 10% is used to grow and develop.

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Succession on barrier islands occur due to wind and water levels. A combination of the tide and wind gusts shape the different levels of succession.

1) Beach

2) Dune

3) Dune Forests (scrub)

4) Slough

5) Maritime hammock

6) Salt Marsh

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Fire is a natural restart button for ecosystems. It allows dead and sick trees to die and leaves room for new trees to grow.

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Lava erupts from a volcano and cools down on a field. Vegetation grows over the cooled lava.

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A parking lot has been left vacant for a few years, and an ecological community forms over the remains

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A forest fire burns all the vegetation in an area but keeps the soil in tact. A new ecological community with form from the remains of the fire.

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A storm uproots all the trees and bushes. A new ecological community will eventually over grow and replace it.

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Primary: When a new ecological community is formed from an area that was previously barren before.

Secondary: a community formed from an area artificially or naturally disturbed.

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-10 kcal is left for Tertiary Consumers

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1. Producer- a living thing that makes its own food. (Provides food for others)

2. Consumer- a living thing that must eat other organisms to obtain energy necessary for life.

3. Autotroph- an organism capable of creating its own food from simple organic substances such as light, water, and carbon dioxide.

4. Heterotroph- organisms that depends on organic substances for nutrition.

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A term referring to the ecological changes of a system over time. Fires, storms, and other natural events can cause natural restarts on ecological succession. Controlled burns and excavations are anthropogenic ways in which to restart ecological succession.

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1.) What is ecological succession?

2.) Discuss the difference between primary and secondary succession. Describe 2 examples of each in Florida.

3.)  Discuss, in detail, the role that fire plays in regards to ecological succession in Florida.

4.) Describe, in detail, how ecological succession occurs on a barrier island in Florida.  Be sure to discuss each of the difference stages.

5.) What are some natural and anthropogenic ways ecological succession can be restarted?

6.) What percent of energy is transferred between trophic levels in an ecosystem? Why?

7.)  How come we do not see 4th level or 5th level consumers in an ecosystem.  Use the rule of 90/10 in your answer.

8.) Define the following terms:

producer

consumer

autotroph

heterotroph

9.) If there is 10000kcal available in an area from producers, how much energy is left for the tertiary consumers?

10.) Provide examples of at least 2 different energy pyramids showing how energy is transferred between trophic levels.