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The earth's environment has become a pervasive and global problem. The Earth's environment is in a sorry state, with no hope of it getting better anytime soon. There is a growing awareness about the need to conserve our environment. There are many environmental problems, and they are affecting our planet severely.

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A Complete List of Environmental Problems No One Gave You Before

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The earth's environment has become a pervasive and global problem. The Earth's environment is in a sorry state, with no hope of it getting better anytime soon. There is a growing awareness about the need to conserve our environment. There are many environmental problems, and they are affecting our planet severely.

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How do we solve the problem?

- planting trees or shrubs is recommended on areas where generally ridge and upper slope

- reduce groundwater recharge by using water in the root zone and minimising recharge of leakage

-reduce over- watering

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The value of soil

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The ELD initiative produced a short information film on the importance of the economics of Land Degradation. The ELD film depicts the value of productive lan...

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every year 12 million hectares of land are lost to deforestation (please excuse my typo)

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drylands are

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Irrigation Salinity

This occurs when more water is applied to the crops, excess water goes down to the through the soil into the groundwater, this cause the salt surface to rise up.

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Land degradation is a process in which the value

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land degradation is partially caused by overuse of land

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Around 24 per cent of the world’s agricultural land is considered degraded. In Australia this figure is close to two-thirds. 25 years ago only around 15 per cent was considered degraded.

This picture shows the agricultural activities account for more than 50% of this problem.

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drylands are turning into deserts

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one fifth of china will become desert

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villages contribute to deforestation

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-Soil formation can take ten to hundred years to form

-Soil is a mixture of broken-down rock particles, living organisms and humus

How is soil being lost??

- Sheet erosion

sheet erosion occurs when water flows on a slope and removes a layer of top soil. This happens because the amount of water is greater than the soils ability to absorb it.

Rill erosion

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How the Indigenous takes care of our land-

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Rethinking "Caring for Country" | Contemporary Aboriginal Land Management

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This is a place called Gulpi, a popular hunting spot for Aboriginal residents of the community of Ramingining, NT, Australia. Gulpi is encompassed within the protected "Arafura Wetlands and Surrounds", the largest freshwater ecosystem in eastern Arnhem Land and a significant natural-cultural landscape which entered full listing on the Register of the National Estate in 2001.

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1/3 of Asia will become desert

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2/3 of Africa will become desert

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Salt has a big impact on the land in Australia. This is when the land surface rises up and destroys the native vegetation and so the soil is no longer protective. This is when the plants die and is a result of salinity. Salinity measures the content of salt in soil or water. Salt plays an important role in our daily lives. Need to generate salt-tolerant crops for our increasing food demands
Dry Salinity
This occurs in the area that are not irrigated. Land degrades by an increase of soil salt concentration.Drylands salinity is a clear land, replaced by deep- rooted native vegetation. Plants have generally have a shorter roots and so it cannot soak up the water. The water rises and it pushes up the saline water direct contact with the plants roots.

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Student produced flash animation of the process of dryland salinity (produced by Brenton Holloway)

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Factory release 24% acidic gas every day.

Transport release 30%

Acid gases( sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides released into atomsphere ) ----->

gases carried by the wind -----> gases dissolve in rain water to from acid rain -------> acid rain kills plant life, pollution, rives and streams, and erodes stonework.

Did you know that only 2% of the world's water is water that you can drink.

When the acid gases combine with rain is acid gases then you drink you will die.

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Invasive species (something referred to as exotic species) are a major cause of land degradation. Often introduced for a specific reason,they can soon take over the environment threatening indigenous plants and animal species and taking over what was once valuable farming land.

Mainland aera as an emergency food sources. Over time however, domestic goats escaped, were abandoned or were deliberately released and became feral, posin a threat to inland pastoral areas and native forests. More recently, they have been

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Plants use chorophyl in their leaves to photosynthesise- making oxygen from carbon dioxide ( the bad air we breath out and pollution. Trees, grasses and shrubs are the only things on the planet that make air ( oxygen) for us to breath.

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Over the years, a range of strategies have been investigated to better manage the Murray–Darling Basin and reduce salinity problems. Strategies have included the development of action plans such as revegetation programs and educational programs. In 2008, the Commonwealth Government took control of the region to allow for the implementation of a comprehensive management strategy that would provide for the needs of all states and also be environmentally sustainable.

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This Growing issue can cause problem's for both the flora and fauna around the world. Never the less it can cause major issues for the human race.

Without Flora some of the animals may not have a place to call home, you might not think that it may not effect us but the whole world in general may suffer. Through food Rationing

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What is soil?

Soil is a mixture of broken down rocks, living organisms and by decomposition of leaves and other plant material.

How is soil being lost?

Three examples are:

Sheet Erosion - Sheet Erosion is the removal of soil, it is impacted by raindrops and shallow surface flow.

Rill Erosion - Rills are shallow drainage lines less than 30cm deep. They develop when surface water concentrates in low points through paddocks and erodes the soil.

Gully Erosion - Gullies occur when smaller water flows concentrate and cut a channel through the soil. The soil erodes from the water produced.

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Afridi 2.10-How do Indigenous communities manage the land?

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Afridi 2.10-How do Indigenous communities manage the land?

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Vocabulary

Environment- The surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, plant or lives or operates

Sustainable- Able to be maintained at a certain rate of growth

Interconnection- Able to connect with other things and connect with each other

Scale- The amount of distance on a map and the distance of the earths ground

Before the European settlers ever came to Australia, there were the indigenous people. They had there own style of managing the land we are now living in. They managed the flora and fauna, by burning down grasses and bringing in more animals because of the plants regrowing.

The indigenous hunted very efficiently. They used their own methods of poisons and hunting. They would use spears and fire sticks to hunt food for them and the resources were always shared

The indigenous had no reason to plant and grow crops. They are natives and have been taking care of the environment for more than 50,000 years and all the crops that they needed were all growing because of the devotion and care for there land

Unlike people today, we are very greedy for everything. We always want everything and when we get it we are never satisfied. The indigenous on the other hand only took what food and resources they need and wasted very little. They were able to stock up on food and water on the days where it was vey hard

This is the Aboriginal Seasons Calendar. It was used by the indigenous to represent when and where the food and resources came and where they could find it. For example August to September is when Small sharks and Honey is out. Its also say that the ground is too hot to walk on and there is no water plus no mango.nnenne

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Land Degradation is a process in which the environment is affected by human-induced processes. the land is our most valuable resource, we depend on it for oxygen, shelter and food. The increase in the human population has put a lot of pressure on the land. Large scale clearing poor agricultural practice has drained the land and left it vulnerable.
To reduce the pressure on the land, humans could take less from it, take only what is needed and replace what you take. together we call a

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Punit 2.5 How do we manage land degradation ?

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Punit 2.5 How do we manage land degradation ?

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The land is something that we use on a daily basis. We use it for things such as food and shelter. Even though we are using it this much, we are still not meeting our needs and so to meet our needs we are draining swamps & coastal marshes, we're removing vegetation from the ground and we're also extracting minerals from the ground. By doing all of this we're completely wrecking the land to the point where it's on it's knees bowing down to us. To manage all of this we can do the following : protect re vegetated areas by preventing access, control the population of rabbits because they usually eat newly sown grass, introduce chemicals such as lime and gypsum to improve soil structure and to assist in the re vegetation process.

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Why are dry-lands drying up?
Desertification is largely a result of human-induced environmental change, caused by the complex interconnection of environmental, political, cultural and economic factors. It generally arises from the poor management of dryland environments. Increasing populations, the demand for more agricultural production and overuse of the soil degrades the land to the extent that once productive places turn into wastelands

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41% of earth will become desert in the future

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Land degradation is a problem not only effecting the environment but it is also effecting us, the humans.

With the population expected to reach 9 billion by 2050 the pressure on the food and land production will be under a lot more pressure then it is now.

The Gobal food production is already hard enough for us to handle but when the population rises it will become a lot harder.

The UN believes that at least 25% of the worlds farmland is highly degraded.

What are the main issues?

-When land is overgrazed it get vulnerable to erosion by wind & water. The soil is either then washed or blown away. Thus reducing the quality of crop lands.

-Rabbits eat the almost everything on the land. They eat it down to the soil which exposing it to erosion.

-People clear out sand dunes for for housing and mountain slopes for skiing for tourism but clearing out sand dunes leaves the surface exposed to erosion.

-Overgrazing makes the soil easy to or easy to be washed away. Animals with hard hoofs trample the soil which leaves a increase to run-off after heavy rain

-With Climate changing it will affect land degradation in the future. Higher sea levels will flood low-lying areas that are near the coast. Making bigger cities,removing vegetation and using more concrete will hopefully help the ability of the land to absorb moisture.

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WHAT IS SOIL

soil is a mixture of broken down particles,living organisms and humus

in some areas it take hundreds of years to develop

sometimes soil can form in a few decades

erosion is a natural process

weathering breaks down surface rocks and mixes with organic material

plants are able to take roots when a thin layer of soil develops

the plants attract animals and when the plant dies it makes the

HOW IS SOIL BEING LOST

sheet erosion

this happens because when water goes over the soil it takes away a big amount thin layer topsoil this usually only happens when there is a slope where the water can slide down and collect thin layer topsoil.it only happens when the amount of water allowed in the soil

RILL EROSION

often helps sheet erosion occurs when large amount of flowing water start to go into small channels or rills these channels a usually smaller then 30Cm deep are often found near farm lands and agriculture grounds with lots of rain the channels get bigger when water rushes trough and excavates soil as water goes through

GULLY EROSION

it usually starts with a rill erosion and over time it expands and get deeper as the water takes more soil away

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Nikki 2.1 : Why does the land degrade? ⛳️♻️🗻🌄🌱

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Nikki 2.1 : Why does the land degrade? ⛳️♻️🗻🌄🌱

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Land degradation is a major problem on Earth. It can be caused by the influences on the human activity on the natural environment.

The main issues of Land degradation is:

- Climate change

- Salinity

- Introduced plant species

- Overgrazing

Climate Changewill affect land degradation in the future. Not only does expanding cities, removal of vegetation increase erosion, but can reduce the amount of rainfall in an area.

Salinity occurs naturally in areas where there is low rainfall and high evaporation. Salinity is caused by excess irrigation and clearing natural vegetation.

Introduced plant species choke the landscape and compete with native vegetation. These plant species involve blackberries and Paterson's Curse (Salvation Jane). The plants dense ground cover and prevents light from reaching the soil.

Overgrazing follows to nutrient rich soil being washed or blown away. Animals with hard hoofs such as: sheep, horses and cattle trample vegetation and compact the soil. This results after heavy rain.

Vocabulary:

Place - a particular position, point, or area in space; a location.

Scale - the relationship or ratio between the distance on a map and the corresponding distance on the ground.

Change - an act or process through which something becomes different.

Sustainable - able to be maintained at a certain rate or level.

Environment - the natural world, in a particular geographical area, especially as affected by human activity. Where the surroundings in which a person, animal, or plant lives.

Interconnection - to connect with one another; to be or become mutually connected.

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Land degradation is the process where the environment is affected by a combination of human-induced processes acting upon the land.

Small changes have a major effect on land degradation, such as drought which can quickly reduce the effect of an area used for farming and even the little things like students getting grass on their shoes and taking it into the classroom which will soon lead to a grassy area to dust.

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Soil Erosion Lesson for Kids -Know more about it!

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Invasive Species are animals or plants that lives outside of their native area and they usually spread through the region.

The most damaging invasive species consist of rabbits, foxes, cats, goats, camels and horses. There were also invasive plants that was introduced in many different ways such as crops, garden plants and to prevent erosion.

One of the major issues of invading species are goats, they were introduced back in 1788 when the First Fleet arrived in Australia as a source of both milk and meat. Overtime, some domestic goats escaped, some were abandoned, some were released and ended up being a threat to the environment. As of now, they were used as a method of weed control and also used as lifestock

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An Invasive Species is a plant or animal that is not native to a specific location and has a tendency to spread.

Most of more invasive species are mammals primarily goats, cats, rabbits, foxes, camels and horses. The main issues of invading species are goats, they arrived in Australia in 1788 as a source of both milk and meat. During the 1900's the sailors goats were set free on to the mainland areas as an emergency food source. Current feral goat populations are descended from these and consecutive animals that were introduced for a variety of reasons.
It is estimated about 2.6 million feral goat take up approximately 28 per cent of Australia. In concentration of up to 40 animals per square kilometre.

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Land degradation is a major issue for Australia's agricultural land. Being one of the worlds driest continent, this process makes things very difficult for farmers as land degradation affects the production of crops and livestock.

Degradation can cause major physical, chemical and also biological changes within our natural environment. As time progresses, the environment goes though several changes.

Over half of Australia's 5 million kilometres is has been affected by degradation. The most common causes that contribute to land degradation are extreme weather, salinity, pollution, soil erosion and also desertification.

Due to Australia's type of soil and it not being suited to our agriculture, and there being high levels of salt and not a lot of nutrients plus rainfall being very low in the agricultural locations. Therefore much of the land is suffering because of this

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before the European settlement, indigenous people had their own way of managing the land. They used fire to maintain the plant growth, they also used fire to burn existing bush land to prevent a fire from spreading. If they didn't do this fires could burn for months and permanently damage the landscape. The indigenous people also had their own calendar which showed them what animals and plants would be ready. This calendar would also show them what the main features and weather would be for that time.

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Amie 2.7 - How can we control invasive species?

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Amie 2.7 - How can we control invasive species?

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New species pose a threat to the productivity of the land and the natural environment.

Goats are found to be threatening to vegetation but are good to help control invasive plants species e.g. saffron thistle. Goat poo is also used to improve the quality of the soil. Fossil Fuel machines are not needed to remove the weeds from the ground as goats are placed in ares where they aren't able to germinate.

Can we control foxes and rabbits?

no