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Deviance is when behaviour goes against society's norms and value. This involved question of morality. Some deviant acts can be more complex and sometimes conflict moral dilemmas, some can be criminal depending on the society it is committed in.

There are many reasons for devaince in sport such as for higher financal status, to make them look better, to gain massive advantages over the opponents so they are more likely to win or it could be because of  pressure from either their coaches or team mates as they could be pressuring them or having high expectations of them, it also could be because it's the last resort for the athletes to avoid failure for example their training may not have been affective therefore need drugs to help with peformance to aviod loosing. It could also be from the culture of cheating they where they believe 'use or lose', they think the only way to win is to use drugs or special equipment otherwise they believe they  will use.

Would you believe there are positives for athletes 'cheating' in sport? One of these positives is that it provides a better and higher entertainment for spectators as it becomes more intresting to watch and also better to watch because people would rather watch good athletes that can perform really good. It also creates more competition for the athletes peforming, this also increases the quality of the sport as athletes are performing better. The athletes will also experience financal gain as they will be peforming more and winning more compitions therefore they will be receiving money rewards also lots of big business will be wanting to sponsor them.
The negatives for deviance in sport is that many sporting athletes are role models for younger people and children and when news gets out that their role model uses drugs to help enhance peformance it creates the persona that drugs in sport is accetable and they will begin to do the same. There is also the cost of the drugs therefore the athlete may gain very little money as the money they are winning and recieving will be then used to purchase the drugs to help with the performance. The main negative of deviance is that it creates unfair play in sport, it's not fair to the athletes that do not take the drugs competeing against athletes that do take drugs as everything they do is natural and is all them whereas the drugs are helping the other athletes and they do not deserve to win because they are receiving help from the drugs.

In my opinion deviance is totally wrong! specially when athletes that are taking drugs to help enhance their performance win competitions or events. If we look at this outside of sport, would a teenager doing GCSE exams still be allowed to pass when there is a teacher sat at the side of them helping them  answers their questions? NO! so why is it ok for athletes to take drugs to help with their performance? I also believe that it is taking the actual meaning of sport away. Sport is an activity involving physical exertion and skill in which an individual or team competes against another or others for entertainment. So basically sport is a something a person or team performs to their very best by themselves and drugs totally take this away as what they are performing is not all the individual, there are drugs behind it helping them do whatever they are performing. I believe the rise of deviance is caused by athlete looking at other athletes taking drugs and thinking it's ok for them to do it so i can, so basically it's a knock on affect. I also think it's because these drugs have been made more accessible through the years so athletes can easily get hold of them whereas if they are really hard to get then the athletes would just leave it as it takes a lot of effort and time to get the drugs.

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Cheating
This is where an athlete breaks the rules deliberately and is fully aware of what they are about to do or have done is totally wrong and not allowed. Their intension is to gain an unfair advantage. An example of cheating in sport could be a boxer removing padding in their gloves so when they punch their opponent the punch will hurt a lot.
Sportsmanship
This is when someone is playing fair and within both the written and unwritten rules of sport. Underpinned by good equate and respect for all. An example of sportsmanship is shaking hands mainly after the game, this acts like a settlement away of apolysising for any innicdents that happened during the game and also way to well done on their peformance win or lose. Another example would be helping an opponent who may have fallen over. The biggest example i think is really important and shows good sportsmanship is to  be respectful to everyone including teammates, the opposition, parents and officials.
Gamesmanship
This is the art or practice of winning competitions or even decisions by questionable expedients without actually violating the rules, pushing them to to the limit and  doing this without being caught. An example of gamesmanship that we see a lot in the game of football is players faking injures to win their team advantages like free kicks.

Overall these can have some positives for sport as it draws more attention in and is more talked about it also benefits the athlete as they will be winning and receiving a lot of intension gain money and sponsors. However in my opinion i think cheating is mainly negative because even though it gets more talked about it's usually for the wrong reason, it also could cause injuries within the sport and could end the athletes that cheating career or the opens career as they could receive a serious injury and be unable to return to sport.

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This case study is about a man named Larry Nassar who was a USA gymnastics doctor who was first arrested and sentenced in December 2017 for 60 years in federal prison for child pornography. Investigators said he had at least 37,000 videos and images of child pornography, including images of prepubescent children engaged in sex acts. Wednesday 23rd of May 2018 Nassar was then sentenced to 40 to 175 years in prison, after pleading guilty to sexual assault against a totally of 265 women, nearly 160 victims testified that Larry Nassar molested them.

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The deviance in this case study is that Larry Nassar took advantage of his power. Nassar had the title Doctor of Osteopathic medicine and performed osteopathic manipulation, in which a doctor uses his or her hands to move a patient's muscles and joints with techniques that include stretching, gentle pressure and resistance. A doctors is seen to do no wrong only heal therefore trust is automatically there. Nasser admitted that as a doctor, he was in a position of authority over his victims, and that he used that position to persuade them to submit to the penetration. Also with some of his victims under the age of 13 meaning there knowledge for sexual assaults is very low and could say they are quiet guidable, Nassar sees this as an advantage.

Another deviance in this case study is that Larry Nassar breaks so many rules and laws has he has acted upon his urges he feels for young women and children, he totallty neglect the rule Part 1. A. Sexual Misconduct in the USA gymnastics club safe sport policy he would have signed and agreed to. This rule states that Sexual Misconduct is within the exclusive authority of the Centre. A Covered Individual shall not engage in Sexual Misconduct as defined in the Safe Sport Code. He also broke the law as any sexual activity between an adult and someone under 16 is a criminal offence, as all of the victims in the Michigan cases were under the age of 16 and three were younger than 13 and consent was certainly not giving.

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Why did the abuse happen for such a long period of time?

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Why did the abuse happen for such a long period of time?

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I believe this abuse happened for a long time because the victims kept quiet maybe for the reason of embarrassment, unsure who to tell, unaware of the sexual assault actually happen due to being very young or due to concequences happening if they was to tell. Some gymnasts did report Nassar as in one article i read it says 'Those athletes allege that complaints through the years to coaches, counselors, police and university-employed trainers were never followed up with proper investigations.' These complaints was not followed up which you can say the police and the criminal justice team is partly to blame and should hold up their hands and accept some sort of responsabilty for most of these girls assaults as if the situation was dealt with in the first place, more then half of these girls would not have had this horrific  experience with this awful criminal. The crazy thing about this is that Larry Nassar has abused so many underaged girls and expected nothing to be said but like one of the victims said in court to Nassar guilty face "little girls don't stay little forever, they grow into strong women that return to destroy your world"

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Following on from above i believe the coaches should not receive much blame as far as I'm aware the coaches did report these assults as the quote i used early in the case study says 'coaches, counselors, police and university-employed trainers' the police and university was mentioned therefore coaches would have reported it to them, however i think the coaches should have noticed weird behaviour, change in the gymnast or them becoming demotivated in the first place, there must have been signs there to no something is not ok and should have to pushed like they would if that was them or their child had been assulted as a role of coach is like a parent.

I mainly think the criminal justice team and investigators are the main people to blame for this man assaulting this extremely high number of women. The reason why i think this is because when these assaults was first reported they was ignored and no follow up investigation was done. I think it's disgusting that it needed a very large amount of women to come forward to say they was assaulted by Larry Nassar before investigation was done. When he was charged for child pornography it was not even looked into further and deeper to find out he was assaulting women.

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What should USA gymnastics do to make sure that nothing like this can ever happen again? 

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What should USA gymnastics do to make sure that nothing like this can ever happen again? 

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This clubs needs to do full background checks that also check there internet and computer contents on staff they employ, this shouldn't just be done the once when they are first employed this just be a regular check including that Internet. The strengths for this is that they they know this person as nothing to hide. a negative is that it could be quite expensive specially to keep doing the checks regular.

In this case when Larry Nassar was hired they was nothing at all to indicate he was a criminal and will abuse the gymnasts. Therefore coaches should also be closely monitored a problem with this is how do they identify a person like Larry the person monitoring will need training to be able to do this. However if the coaches are closely monited the people will behave as they know they are being monitored.

The gym could also get CCTV installed, this would record everyone all over the in the gym. The footage should be checked regular for any signs of anything like the case happening again. The strengths for having CCTV around the gym is that everything is recoreded and it If anything was to happen again the cctv can also be used as evidence to show the truth. This also has negatives as the it's invading peoples privacy, it costs money to install and will need technology like a TV or computer to be able to view the CCTV.

Children under the age of 16 that are having treatment with the gym doctor like the gymnasts was having with Nassar, should have parents or guardians present in the room with them, this way the parents know exactly what is happening. The strengths of having parental supervision is that the parents will feel more comftable being present and seeing what is happening. It also avoids crimes happening like Nassar as they will not do it infant of parents. The negatives is that the child may not want the parent in the room with them, parents also may not be able to come in due to work or other things.

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In this case the first whistle blower (the first to speak out about what Larry Nassar did to them) was a 17 year old named Jessica Thomashow. This would have took so much bravery and courage. Little would she know she would become a role model for all the women Nassar abused, all 265 of them. By Jessica speaking out first, the women would then see her do this and know they aren't by themselves and would encourage them to come forward and speak out. By her doing this she then created a force of women who would use their power and strength they have built up all these years after the disgusting things Nassar as done and said to them.
Whistle blowers are so important specially in elite sport because we see athletes as strong, tough people and because we see this we don't tend to think anything is happening behind close doors. So when elite athletes speak up about issues that have occurred, it creates the domino affects it they then inspires the public or other athletes that has been through similar issues to speak up who been afraid to say anything perviously. If these whistle blowers never spoke up nothing would have happened and maybe these awful criminals like Nassar would be still abusing innocent little girls to this day.

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U.S. Olympic Committee (USOC) took USA Gymnastics to court and could decertifying USA Gymnastics and revoking the organization’s status as
they failed to to act on initial reports of sexual abuse by team doctor Larry Nassar. Surely this club would know eventually this issue would be reported to  to the people higher and then it wouldn't look so great for the club.  The public will begin to remember this club and board for this negative event of Larry Nassar and not for the good like the U.S. women winning the team title and Simone Biles earning a record fourth world championship gold in the individual all around event.
Other National Governing Bodies can learn a bunch of stuff from this. The big one is make sure they report incidents like this and if nothings getting done PUSH so something does gets done!
If anything is reported about a person abusing staff or gymnasts the club and governing body should automatically remove this person from the environment. The big mistake that USA Gymnastics did was kept Larry Nassar at the club still working when he was reported for abuse this just gives him the opportunity to abuse more and more girls.

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https://eu.indystar.com/story/news/2018/01/25/heres-what-larry-nassar-actually-did-his-patients/1065165001/

https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/jan/25/larry-nassar-sexual-abuse-usa-gymnastics

https://usagym.org/PDFs/About%20USA%20Gymnastics/safesportpolicy_062617.pdf