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Seligman,L., & Reichenberg, L.W. (2014). Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy: Systems, Strategies, and Skills (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson.

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The First, Second, and Third forces are influential throughout the work of the fourth force. They combine into a more holistic effort to understand and help people. Counselors are becoming more cultural component and this awareness of components that influence identity is increasing. More information is available for counseling based on gender, culture, race etc. and it enables counselors and their clients to develop effective treatment plans.

Collaboration and networking opportunities as well as resources are becoming increasingly available to counselors. (Seligman, L., & Reichenberg L. W., 2014)
Image retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/AmericanPsychologicalAssociation/

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The Third Force: Existential-Humanistic Therapy

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The Third Force: Existential-Humanistic Therapy

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Carl Roger's work in the 1960s and the work of Fritz Perls, Viktor Frankl and many others contributed to the Existential Humanistic Approach.  The Third Force  emphasizes the importance of emotions. It encourages individuals to have more ownership and find meaning throughout the life.  This approach identifies the need for a strong therapeutic alliance and a trusting relationship between the client and the therapist.
Image retrieved from http://journalpsyche.org/revisiting-carl-rogers-theory-of-personality/

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The Second Force: Behavioral (1970s) & Cognitive Theories (1980s)          Influenced the Cognitive Behavioral Approach (1990s)

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The Second Force: Behavioral (1970s) & Cognitive Theories (1980s)          Influenced the Cognitive Behavioral Approach (1990s)

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Psychologists such as Albert Ellis, B.F. Skinner, William Glasser, and Aaron Beck contributed to a second wave of influential treatments.

The Behavioral Approach was used often in the 1970s and emphasize the role of actions and thoughts.

Cognitive Approaches played a key role during the 1980s, leading to the blend of the Behavioral Cognitive Approach of the 1990s. This approach primarily focuses on the present and seeks to replace negative thoughts and actions with positive ones.
Imaged retrieved from http://cogbtherapy.com/about-cbt/

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Sigmund Freud emphasized examining the unconscious processes and reflecting on past experiences. His work introduced long term treatment and a structural approach to it. Psychotherapy is considered the "first force".
Imaged retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/Sigmund-Freud.html

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Before the 20th Century, little was known or researched about psychology, emotions, and mental disorders.  (Seligman, L., & Reichenberg L. W., 2014)