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Closeness of cell members should improve communication, avoiding confusion arising from misunderstood or non-received messages
Workers become multi-skilled and more adaptable to the future needs of a business
Greater worker motivation, arising from variety of work, team working and more responsibility

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Definition:
Cell manufacturing is a form of team working and helps ensure worker commitment, as each cell is responsible for a complete unit of work, which Herzberg would view as part of job enrichment.
Advantages:

Certain degree of autonomy in decision making

Improved standards of quality

Greater sense of responsibility and accountability in team

Higher levels of motivation (team working, empowerment, etc.)

Specialization

Disadvantages:

Output may be lower

Higher chances for intra- and intergroup tension and conflict

Capital intensive to initiate and sustain

Example Companies:

Toyota

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Cell Manufacturing
-a process of manufacturing which is a subsection of just-in-time manufacturing and lean manufacturingencompassing group technology. The goal of cellular manufacturing is to move as quickly as possible, make a wide variety of similar products, while making as little waste as possible.

·      Advantages

-   there is a certain degree of autonomy in decision making

-   improved standards of quality

-    there is a greater sense of responsibility and accountability in team

-    higher levels of motivation

-     specialization

·      Disadvantages

-     output may be lower

-     there are higher chances for intra- and intergroup tension and conflict

-    capital intensive to initiate and sustain

Examples:

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ynhp8Wi2qwM
The video explains how the equipment and people are brought together in sections of production instead of in departments.

Definition:
Cellular manufacturing is a process of manufacturing which is a subsection of just-in-time manufacturing and lean manufacturing encompassing group technology. The goal of cellular manufacturing is to move as quickly as possible, make a wide variety of similar products, while making as little waste as possible.

Example:
Oppo Phone

Advantage:
More communication and togetherness in the workplace

Focused on a single job for each cell

Disadvantage:
Does not work for all factories where there are unfinished products being produced, such as only screws

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Cell Manufacturing
Benefits:
- Very efficient
- One person can be an expert at one thing
- Improvement in quality
Disadvantages:
- Uses a lot of human labour force compared to mass or flow production

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Definition:
Organized workers into independent cells with each team consisting of multi skilled staff with responsibility and autonomy for completing a whole unit of work in the production process

Main advantage:
-Production system is more flexible with multi-skilled workers
-Motivation might be high as group work builds team spirit
-As all workers in the cell and the equipment they need are placed in close proximity there are very low handling costs -- and time is saved during production process

Main limitation:
-Output may not be as high as traditional 'flow' production system
-Different 'cells' may work at different speeds leading to potential tension between them and an imbalance in production of different units of production
-The business may need to invest heavily in new machinery and equipment, as each cell will require the same capital items
-Employee training costs could be high

Example companies:
AMIA Systems is an Operational Excellence company developing its own software, SIMOGGA, to visualize, quantify and optimize the operations of Production plants, Maintenance sites, Distribution centers or Warehouses.

AMIA Systems delivers solutions applying material-flow optimization using Cellular Manufacturing methods, key enabler of increased production velocity and flexibility while reducing the capital requirements.

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Cell manufacturing is a form of team working and helps ensure worker commitment, as each cell is responsible for a complete unit of work, which Herzberg would view as part of job enrichment.

Example Companies: Toyota
https://insideevs.com/behind-scenes-toyota-mirai-production-3-made-per-day-videos-images/

Benefits:
- promotes teamwork
- Is a form of job enrichment
- workers become multi-skilled and consequently more adaptable and flexible to the business
- processes, defects, scheduling and maintenance can be managed more efficiently and cost-effectively

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Cell Production
- Flow production line split into a number of units
- Each is responsible for their own roles based within their teams
Benefits
- Quality ensured every time it goes through a cell
- worker motivation can arise as their production methods appeals to Herzberg's Job enrichment
- Cell members get closer, making a better work environment for them
-Workers become skilled in multiple areas, which can be useful for the business in the future.
Drawbacks
-  Workers may feel that they are constantly being pushed
- Machines arent used as efficiently as in a flow production
-  Potentially lower output and less flexibility

Example:

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- In cellular manufacturing, production work stations and equipment are arranged in a sequence that supports a flow of materials and components through the production process with minimal transport or delay.

- Advantages:
Reduction in work in progress
Work in progress excludes inventory of raw materials at the start of the production cycle. With reduced setup times, the amount of work in progress can be reduced.

Reduction in material handling cost and time
The movement of materials takes place from one processing area to another or from one department to another, in this production everything is handled through machinery.

Disadvantages:
There may be rivalry between diff

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Smaller scale production unit that is specified, it is usually a part of a bigger production.

Adv
Less time wasted - Direct communication between employees
Lower costs -- Can be cheaper than specialized machine
Better quality - Smaller groups so more focused responsibilities; easier to control quality

Disadv:
Employees may require training
Less Flexibility due to fixed production capacity

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Cell production

Modern adaptation of assembly line

Parts of production are delegated to teams or cells for completion

Any member of team can contribute to the task

Cells work independently but rely on each other to achieve targets

Advantages

Certain degree of autonomy in decision making

Improved standards of quality

Greater sense of responsibility and accountability in team

Higher levels of motivation (team working, empowerment, etc.)

Specialization

Disadvantages

Output may be lower

Higher chances for intra- and intergroup tension and conflict

Capital intensive to initiate and sustain

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Cell manufacturing is an organized group of people working on a specific task, rather than one person doing one task.
Some benefits to this is the ability to work together, which strengthens teamwork within the group assigned. It also generates motivation to the workers because they have a specific task that they need to complete/achieve by a set time. It benefits the workers to be able to adapt to certain situations, as the people will be assigned to different cells with different objectives each time it’s assigned.
A downside to cell production is that not all people in each cell would feel motivated the same way as others, meaning that managers have to consider this type of scenario. Not all people would feel comfort when they work in groups. Training support may also be needed for guidance towards new recruits.
A company that uses cell production method is Intel, Toyota, etc. Most of the companies that implement this are those that manufacture automobiles, medical products, and computer based products.

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Products go through cells, which are different units that specializes in an area or part of the finished products. Since each cell specializes in a part, this production method is efficient. In cell production, all the cells are collected and together in a single location/ area/ place to make it even more efficient.

Benefits:

Closeness of cell members should improve communication, avoiding confusion arising from misunderstood or non-received messages

Workers become multi-skilled and more adaptable to the future needs of a business

Greater worker motivation, arising from variety of work, team working and more responsibility

Disadvantages:

Recruitment and training of staff must support this approach to production

The company culture has to encourage trust and participation, or workers can feel that they are being constantly pushed for more and more output with no respite

The company may have to invest in new materials handling and ordering systems suitable for cell production

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Cellular manufacturing is a process of manufacturing which is subsection of just-in-time manufacturing and lean manufacturing surrounded by group technology. The goal of cellular manufacturing is to move as quickly as possible, while making as little waste as possible.

Benefits:
-  improvement in machine utilization:
- a single machine in cell manufacturing can be used to manufacture one or more products in each cell
- Improvement in quality:
- most or all operation occur in one area among a small  small team. this focuses responsibility and motivates the team to avoid similar defects in the future

Drawbacks:
- may not allow firms to use their machinery as intensively as in flow production and output will be lower than mass production as a result.

Example:

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What is it?
- A manufacturing approach in which equipment and workstations are arranged to facilitate small lot, continuous flow production
Advantages
- All operations that are necessary to produce a component or sub assembly are performed in close proximity, often times in a U-shaped layout, thus allowing for quick feedback between operations when problems and other issues arise.
- Cell manufacturing provides a distinct advantage in that material flow is significantly improved, which reduces the distance traveled by materials, inventory, people which increases the speed of manufacturing.
Disadvantages:
- Cellular manufacturing could lead to a decrease in manufacturing flexibility, which could then impact the viability of cell use
- Cell production is rather capital-intensive so the business still has to spend a lot of money buying, installing and servicing new machinery and equipment for each cell. Therefore, purchase, maintenance and replacement costs can be high.
- Conflict within teams can cause production problems, especially if the team leader is ineffective
Examples:
- Smiths Medical (Manufacturing of medical equipments such as syringes, needles, etc)
-  Smith's used the cellular layout that used a one piece continuous flow system as it would allow them the opportunity to meet their Takt times in a substantially smaller space.

The group spent a week with MEP fine tuning the number of cells they would need, how they would be configured, and how many people were needed per cell. In going from one system to the other, the process flow did not change. Various materials are assembled into trays; the trays are then wrapped, sealed, and packed. The wrapping and sealing processes were not touched but assembly changed often according to the materials that make up the kits.

The cells were designed using the takt time of the longest process, wrapping. Four cells with six people in each would meet their needs.  While the new clean room was being constructed, Pain Management continued to operate in their original space. Using tables and benches, the team created four cells so employees could get used to working in the new configuration and fine tune the process before the actual move.

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Modern adaptation of assembly line

Parts of production are delegated to teams or cells for completion

Any member of team can contribute to the task

Cells work independently but rely on each other to achieve targets

Advantages

Certain degree of autonomy in decision making

Improved standards of quality

Greater sense of responsibility and accountability in team

Higher levels of motivation (team working, empowerment, etc.)

Specialization

Disadvantages

Output may be lower

Higher chances for intra- and intergroup tension and conflict

Capital intensive to initiate and sustain

Ex: Nike
The super-cool clothing company worked with NGOs and fellow manufacturers on sustainability projects. They worked with the Fair Labor Association to create performance indicators and sustainable sourcing and launched the Sustainable Apparel Coalition with the US Environmental Protection Agency and other manufacturers, and in the process saved money on energy and waste materials.

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Cell Manufacturing is a manufacturing process that produces families of parts in a single line.

It is a hybrid system that links the advantages of batch production (similar and diverse products to be made in a line without slowing down the process) with the structure of a continuous flow line. This provides a quick and efficient flow.

Example: Toyota
The Toyota Production System  (TPS) uses its cellular manufacturing subsystem for increased productivity. The cellular manufacturing subsystem is flexible while designed to produce superior quality products, on-time, at the lowest possible cost, and on a continuous basis

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Cell manufacturing is a method of production whereby workers are grouped into cells, and these cells are responsible for completing a part in the whole production process. Cell manufacturing breaks one big production process into smaller, more sensible steps. By using cell manufacturing, a part of the production process is clearly allocated to one defined cell. Cellular manufacturing also allows for a more flexible manufacturing process, and allows workers in each cell to communicate with one another. Cell manufacturing also benefits from higher productivity, decreased throughput time, and flexibility to change.

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Cell Manufacturing
- Modern adaptation of assembly line
- A mass production that divides the work into cells

Benefits:
- Greater workers' motivation
- Multi-skilled workers
- Improved standards of quality

Disadvantages:
- Higher chance for conflict between workers

Example:
Lamborghini: A group of employees is in charge for different aspects of the car: paint, electrical system, interior, lights and audio, engine & transmission.

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Cell Manufacturing deals with the implementation of designing a product using the traditional 'assembly line method', although with a few differences. As the component for each parts of the product are assembled together in teams or 'cells', any member of that particular group (or team) can contribute to the task at hand, working individually (with each section contributing different skills to help complete the goal) to achieve a shared outcome in the future (mainly completion of the designed product).

Advantages

Certain degree of autonomy in decision making

Improved standards of quality

Greater sense of responsibility and accountability in team

Higher levels of motivation (team working, empowerment, etc.)

Specialization

Disadvantages

Output may be lower

Higher chances for intra- and intergroup tension and conflict

Capital intensive to initiate and sustain

Example:
Boeing implements small production lines, each working in their own field (producing different parts of the plane), in order to achieve the main goal as a whole (finishing the plane)

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Cell Manufacturing is a way for companies to make their production much more efficient than normal mass manufacturing. Where the manufacturing process can be separated into different departments. However, in cell manufacturing all the people, equipment and processes to a single location to improve efficiency and productivity.

Advantages:
1. Improved standards of quality due to the greater sense of responsibility and accountability in the team.
2. Workers will also have more motivation as they are all working in a team

Disadvantages:
1. There is a higher chance of internal conflict due to all the different production processes being located in one place
2. Very high cost to start a factory with this type of manufacturing
3. Lengthy process due to discussions

Example:
Intel - Computer Chips
Intel is the world’s largest computer chip maker. Joe Foley, factory manager at Intel Fab Operations in Leixlip, Ireland, said:  “Five years ago, it took us 14 weeks to introduce a new chip to our factory; now it takes 10 days. We were the first Intel factory to achieve these times using Lean principles.”
The Lean principles that was mentioned by Joe is cell manufacturing as we can see below where all production processes are in one location.

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Cell Production
- Brings all the work to one location to increase efficiency and quality.
- Allows a single piece flow from the first machines to the last
- Eliminates redundant activities does not require much movement in the product

Advantages:
- The teamwork and focus that is developed by working together to optimise a single product
- It works to improve efficiency and cost

Disadvantage:

Examples: