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In 1823, James Monroe established the Monroe Doctrine to help protect the U.S. as well as the newly freed Latin American countries. Monroe did not want European powers to have a base near them because of the risk of being attacked. Monroe Doctrine plainly stated that European powers were not allowed to colonize in North and South America because those continents were free and independent. Europeans dismissed the message as arrogant talk, but national pride surged in America. The Monroe Doctrine joined isolationism as a basic principle of U.S. foreign policy.

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Jefferson put his Embargo Act into action after U.S. ships were being seized by France and Great Britain. This act attempted to halt all foreign trade, but resulted in many U.S. sailors losing their jobs  and damaged the U.S. more than Britain and France.

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There was a revolution in Latin America, and Monroe asked Madison and Jefferson for advice on how to proceed. They decided to send a declaration of the freedom of the Americas to Europe.

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The American ships were threatened by getting robbed by the Barbary States of North Africa. Washington and Adams paid tribute to the rulers in exchange for the safety of American ships. However, the ruler of Tripoli demanded more tribute and declared war on the United States. American ships began to attack Tripoli. In 1805, Tripoli signed a peace treaty with the U.S. They stopped demanding tribute, and the U.S. paid a $60,000 ransom for the crew of Philadelphia, a captured ship.

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James Madison offered France and Great Britain a deal: if they agreed to cease their attacks on U.S. ships, the U.S. would stop trading with their enemy (the other country).

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The revolutionary army got disbanded after there was a shortage of money. Some citizens were also afraid that the army would take away their liberty.

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France began attacking U.S. ships after America signed the Jay Treaty with Great Britain. Washington's policy of isolationism and tried to create a new treaty with France. They attempted to meet with Talleyrand, but ended up meeting with three agents to Talleyrand simply known as X, Y, and Z. These three agents demanded that there would be no peace unless the French foreign minister received a large sum of money.

America launches a "half-war" on French ships, and eventually a deal was made in the treaty of 1800. France agreed to end the 1778 alliance and the US would not ask France to pay for all the ships that it had seized.

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After a failed attempt to make peace with France and Great Britain, Madison ignored isolationism and went to war against England.

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Britain and U.S. were at war in the U.S. owned Ohio Valley, so John Adams sent John Jay, the chief justice to the Supreme Court, to London to settle things. The Jay treaty was signed in 1794. The British agreed to pull troops from attacking Ohio Valley and U.S. ships.

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When France declared war on Britain, George Washington implemented a policy of neutrality and ignored their alliance treaty with France.

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Adams sent a group of men to France to negotiate peace when U.S. ships began to get seized by the French. Napoleon agreed to end the 1778 alliance. In exchange, the U.S. did not ask France to pay for the seized ships.

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"The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign nations, is in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible. Europe has a set of primary interests, which to us have none, or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise in us to implicate ourselves, by artificial ties, in the ordinary vicissitudes of her politics, or the ordinary combinations and collisions of her friendships or enmities."

PEACE
COMMERCE
HONEST FRIENDSHIP

No entanglement, confinement of values, and burdensome alliances which may prove to be more contentious and edgy than open negotiations.