# data[].attributes.body
How when you think of, lets say, a black man, you think of violence.

Or if you think of poor, you may think of lazy

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
POV | Implicit Bias: Peanut Butter, Jelly and Racism | PBS

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
What does implicit bias have to do with peanut butter?

# data[].attributes.body
“Accomplishments have no color.”
Leontyne Price
“If you want peace, work for justice.”
Pope Paul VI
“Seeing is not always believing.”
Martin Luther King, Jr.
“Justice is truth in action.”
Benjamin Disraeli

# data[].attributes.body
Racial inequality is a disparity in opportunity and treatment that occurs as a result of someone's race.

# data[].attributes.body
Your notes should be centered around:
-theme ✔
-central idea ✔
-social issues ✔
-evidence that supports your thinking
-what techniques this "author" does well

You will want the following types of evidence:
-narrative scenes
-powerful quotes✔
-craft moves
-concepts and subtopics ✔
-surprising information ✔

# data[].attributes.headline
People wishing to boycott Nike after ad which included the controversial athlete Colin Kaepernick who started the kneeling at the flag.

# data[].attributes.subject
People wishing to boycott Nike after ad which included the controversial athlete Colin Kaepernick who started the kneeling at the flag.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Since revealing Colin Kaepernick is the star of its 30th-anniversary "Just Do It" campaign, athletic brand Nike has been on the receiving end of a huge social media firestorm. Reactions to the announcement have been split, with many supporting the company's decision to highlight the controversial athlete, and others criticizing the brand for what they believe is an endorsement of his activism. One of the most surprising reactions to the campaign has been led by social media users who have posted images and videos of themselves destroying their own Nike products.

On Monday afternoon, Nike revealed a black and white image of Colin with the words "Believe in something. Even if it means sacrificing everything" printed in front of his face. The brand's famous slogan "Just Do It" and the Nike check appeared at the bottom of the image. The quote apparently references the bold stance Colin took in 2016, when he began kneeling during the national anthem to bring light to heavy police violence against black people and other issues that plague the black community. The former San Francisco quarterback's actions set off a ripple effect, which, according to a lawsuit he's brought against the NFL, has led to him being ostracized by team owners and unable to play in the league.

Over the years, critics of Colin's protest have tended to associate his unwillingness to stand for the national anthem with the idea that, by not standing, he was disrespecting the flag, and subsequently military veterans. Despite many veterans coming out in support of his demonstration, and Colin confirming the true purpose of his actions, critics have maintained these same ideas. These criticisms resurfaced during the past 24 hours, when protesters of Nike's Colin campaign began sharing messages on social media about their disappointment in Nike for endorsing a person they believe is guilty of disrespecting the flag and military. The Twitter hashtag #NikeProtest has been filled with images of people destroying their Nike gear and defaming Colin.

Other Twitter users have joined the conversation to poke fun at the protest and show their support for the campaign. Many of these users have posted images of their Nikes and commended the brand for standing by Colin and helping him shed light on important issues. They have also made sure to point out that Nike is one of the largest retail companies in the world, and will most likely not face serious financial hardships because of this new boycott.

Get the Teen Vogue Take. Sign up for the Teen Vogue weekly email.

Want more from Teen Vogue? Check this out: Trayvon Martin's Parents Say We Need Daily Reminders That Black Lives Matter

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
People Are Protesting Colin Kaepernick's Nike Ad by Burning Sneakers They Already Bought

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Since revealing Colin Kaepernick is the star of its 30th-anniversary "Just Do It" campaign, athletic brand Nike has been on the receiving end of a huge social media firestorm. Reactions to the announcement have been split, with many supporting the company's decision to highlight the controversial athlete, and others criticizing the brand for what they believe is an endorsement of his activism.

# data[].attributes.headline
Colin Kaepernick's Nike Ad Inspires Boycott Nike Protest

# data[].attributes.subject
Colin Kaepernick's Nike Ad Inspires Boycott Nike Protest

# data[].attributes.body
Kaepernick is the one who started the "Kneeling for the american flag" trend as a protest against police brutality and racism. It started the #BoycottNike hashtag on twitter, where people destroyed their Nike clothes (One idiot burned his Nike shoes while they were on his feet and got like 3rd degree burns smh.)

# data[].attributes.body
-Minors are prosecuted as adults in New Jersey. Nearly 90% are Black or Hispanic. At least 152 inmates are still in adult prisons today for crimes they committed at least five years ago as minors just because they're lack or Hispanic. "He's still a 14 or 15 year old boy even if he killed a another person", says Jorg Jesse.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
When Jamal was 14, he wore the same outfit to school everyday. One day in Union, New Jersey, he went looking for a way to get money.

"I seen a guy and I had a gun on me so I robbed him," Jamal said. "I carjacked him for his car keys, and I robbed him for his wallet, phone and money."

Jamal never shot the gun, but he did point it at the man he robbed. Tried as an adult, he got nine years in an adult prison.

"My record as a juvenile kept showing violent crimes, so I guess they just got tired of me," Jamal said.

Minors in New Jersey who commit crimes like robbery, drug trafficking or homicide can be tried as adults. But that only happens at a prosecutor's request. And according to an analysis by WNYC Radio, most of their requests are for black minors, like Jamal.

Getting tried as an adult depends on your race

Minors in some other countries - like Germany, which WNYC visited - never get such long sentences for robbery, and would never be prosecuted as adults. But it is allowed in every US state.

In New Jersey, court data obtained by WNYC found 692 minors tried as adults in the past five years. The youngest were 14 years old when charged. Almost 90% are black or Latino.

Not all were found guilty and not all went to prison, but WNYC found at least 152 inmates still in adult prisons today for crimes they committed as minors in the past five years. The most common crime? Robbery.

Laura Cohen, director of the Criminal and Youth Justice Clinic at Rutgers Law School, says white children commit the same crimes as black children. National research shows prosecutors do not seek to try white children as adults at the same rates.

As of 1 March 2016, minors convicted as adults in New Jersey have to be placed in juvenile facilities until they're at least 18. But the law is not retroactive. And minors in the state can still end up with adult records and sentences - which are longer than juvenile sentences.

Can the US handle short prison sentences?

New York has a separate sentencing scheme for minors convicted as adults with shorter minimum terms. The minimum sentence a 15-year-old in New York can get is one year for robbery or five years for murder. In New Jersey, the minimums are 8 ½ and 25 ½ years, respectively.

In both states, the maximum penalty is life in prison - and some crime victim families say that's fair. But research has found that long sentences don't deter juveniles from re-offending any more than short sentences.

Facebook Twitter Pinterest

Comparing the number of young people in prison in New Jersey v New York. Source: NY state penal law, New Jersey superior court. Photograph: Clarisa Diaz/WNYC Data News Team

Still, American society has long resisted judges who hand down short sentences, noted Vincent Schiraldi, a criminal justice policy expert at Harvard University.

"So we passed a bunch of mandatory sentences that take that power away from those loosey-goose judges," he said. "Bit by bit everybody gets more and more time, and then we have a system that is very reliant on prisons rather than rehabilitation."

Schiraldi argues even young adults should be protected from adult records.

"They're more susceptible to peer pressure, they're more volatile in emotionally charged settings, they're less future oriented, and all of that stuff matters from the standpoint of committing crimes," Schiraldi said.

Laurence Steinberg, a psychology professor at Temple University, says raising the age of criminal adulthood would be expensive. Juvenile facilities cost more because they offer more rehabilitative services.

In Germany, a belief that people can change

In Germany, people who commit crimes under age 21 can be treated as juveniles, and the longest sentence a minor can get is 10 years.

"He's still a 14- or 15-year-old boy even if he killed another person," says Jorg Jesse, who runs prisons in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. "We would never say because he killed another person, we know have to react in a way we would a 30-year-old."

Prisons in Germany are supposed to mirror the outside world. Officials say that helps inmates learn how to live a life without crime when they get out.

Inmates have access to knives in kitchens and electric saws at their jobs. Male and female inmates at Neustrelitz prison for adolescents can kiss and hold hands.

About 30% of Germany's young prisoners return to jail within three years. In America, more than 80% of offenders under age 24 are re-arrested within four years.

* Sarah Gonzalez is a reporter for WNYC and New Jersey Public Radio. You can find WNYC's full series, Kids in Prison, here.
Topics

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Nearly 90% of New Jersey children tried as adults since 2011 were black or Latino

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
When Jamal was 14, he wore the same outfit to school everyday. One day in Union, New Jersey, he went looking for a way to get money. "I seen a guy and I had a gun on me so I robbed him," Jamal said.

# data[].attributes.body
-Incarceration of black youth has risen. Black people are five times as likely to be incarcerated than white kids and 300% more likely to just be arrested for simple assault. This is among the most common reasons teens are arrested. Research has shown that when black people and white people commit the same crimes, black people have bigger consequences.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Do Better is an op-ed column by writer Lincoln Anthony Blades that debunks fallacies regarding the politics of race, culture, and society - because if we all knew better, we'd do better.
In late 2017, the Washington Post published a story on juvenile incarceration that stated fewer young people are going to jail, with the number of incarcerated juveniles falling to the lowest level seen since the United States government began tracking the data in 1997.

In that year, approximately 1 in 400 young people were sent to juvenile justice facilities, but in 2015, that number dropped significantly to 1 in 1,000. At first glance, these figures suggest a historic moment for a "forward-thinking" society, but upon closer inspection, there is a far more insidious truth present: while overall youth incarceration is down, according to analysis by advocacy organization, The Sentencing Project, incarceration of black youth has risen. Their research revealed that in 2001, black kids were four times as likely as white kids to incarcerated as a juvenile, and are now five times as likely to be incarcerated than white kids and 300% more likely to just be arrested for simple assault, which is among the most common reasons teens are arrested.

Changes are occurring but not necessarily in the communities the most in need of change. And the difference between punishing a youth offender as a child, or sentencing them as an adult, has major consequences, too.

In October 2016, WNYC released a report stating that almost 90% of New Jersey children whom were tried as adults in criminal court cases were either black or Latinx, though white children and black children commit the same crimes, Laura Cohen, the director of the Criminal and Youth Justice Clinic at Rutgers Law School explained in an interview with WNYC. Even with that known, prosecutors don't attempt to try white children as adults as often as they do to black and brown children.

Similar troubling patterns exist in many states all across the nation. An analysis by the Miami Herald last year showed that in Florida, half of all youth arrests and two-thirds of the juveniles transferred to the adult system are black, despite African-Americans only comprising 17% of the state's population. In 2008, Neelum Arya and Ian Augarten published a report for the Campaign for Youth Justice citing that African-American children comprise 62% of all children prosecuted in the adult criminal system, making them nine times more likely to receive an adult prison sentence than a white child, despite the fact that black youth only comprise 17% of the overall juvenile population in America. Because state data on juvenile transfers - or the instance when it is deemed that a child should be tried in an adult court - is so limited, it is difficult to relay the facts uniformly but recent research outlines the overrepresentation of black youth in adult courtrooms.

Sending juveniles to adult jails often works to entrench children in more negative behavior and greatly harm their ability to be effectively rehabilitated. These children are exposed and subjected to the increased violence of adult jail, and learning criminal behavior from the adults around them, they develop and internalize even more troubling patterns of conduct. This is why the recidivism rate is 34% higher for children rooted into the adult justice system, as compared to offenders left in the juvenile system. By using the adult justice system as an overtly punitive response to black and brown children, and then sending them back into communities that are already subject to over policing, discrimination, and systemic disadvantage, we are setting them up to remain connected to institutionalization for the rest of their lives.

While statistics provide evidence of discrimination in the justice system, it's important to understand the history of juvenile punishment in America, in its full, racialized nature.

In the early nineteenth century, there was no official juvenile justice system in the country. During this time, kids were looked at as little grown-ups and were subject to being tried and sentenced as adults, while activist groups, such as the Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents, in New York, which advocated for a better method of handling "juvenile delinquency", resulting in the creation of the New York House of Refuge, and others later modeled after it in other states. These houses were basically asylums were young boys, vagrants, homeless and/or those charged with petty crimes whom received education, while also absorbing corporal punishment. That activism helped to bring about "the child savers" movement who advocated that the state should intervene on issues of juvenile justice to provide moral and academic instruction to youth in order for them to become useful members of America's corporate capitalist system. (It wasn't until 1899 that the U.S. formed the nation's first juvenile court in Chicago, which adopted the principle that children are not as fully developed as adults - meaning they shouldn't receive the same punishments as adults, as they have a greater chance of being successfully rehabilitated because of their age.)

White children were predominantly put in these institutions, which existed mainly in the East and the North. In the South, mostly black children were either subject to the far harsher disciplinary systems of slavery, or forced into a form of youth " convict leasing," a sort of pseudo-slavery. Even after enslaved people were emancipated, southern whites created "black codes", and many black people found themselves effectively re-enslaved through sharecropping and other methods. Many of those trapped in these systems were black youth, who found themselves locked in chain gangs and working on prison farms, regardless of their age or charge. Then, before the Great Migration spread black families throughout the nation, Jim Crow laws in the south - where most black families in the U.S. then lived - resulted in great numbers of young black offenders found "guilty" of crimes such as vagrancy, which covered mostly petty offenses, from loitering to even living unemployed.

In the decades after, black boys and girls weren't given access to reformation, but rather incarceration that either resulted in jail or, sometimes, a lynch mob.

It is that history that frames the nature of what we are up against today: a system and society that views white children as redeemable, innocent, and rehabilitatable, while viewing black children as untamed beings requiring restraint under lock and key.

Research by Jennifer L. Eberhardt, a professor and social psychologist at Stanford University, revealed that people, both conservative and liberal, express greater support for sentencing all juveniles to life when they're presented with the image of a black juvenile offender, versus a white juvenile offender. It is that common mindset that is inherently guiding the minds of those with discretionary power to determine the fate of young black and brown defendants. This mindset has contributed to the chasm that exists between how we treat kids who may be trapped in an inescapable system. If we continue to view black and brown children as intrinsically less innocent and inherently more criminal, we'll continue to foster a system that fails to live up to the most basic and fundamental principles of criminal justice.

Related: Why We Need a Database to Track Police Employment Records
Check this out:

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Criminal Justice System Discriminates Against Children of Color

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Do Better is an op-ed column by writer Lincoln Anthony Blades that debunks fallacies regarding the politics of race, culture, and society - because if we all knew better, we'd do better.

# data[].attributes.headline
Most white boys raised in wealthy families will stay rich or in middle upper class as adults, but black boys raised in similar rich households will not.

# data[].attributes.subject
Most white boys raised in wealthy families will stay rich or in middle upper class as adults, but black boys raised in similar rich households will not.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Extensive Data Shows Punishing Reach of Racism for Black Boys (Published 2018)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A study of 20 million children shows the fragility of the American Dream.