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Facts- history- geography- Irish people and symbols

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The first evidence of human presence in Ireland dates to around 34,000 years ago, with further findings dating the presence of homo sapiens to around 10,500 to 7,000 BC.[1] The receding of the ice after the Younger Dryas cold phase of the Quaternary, around 9700 BC, heralds the beginning of Prehistoric Ireland, which includes the archaeological periods known as the Mesolithic, the Neolithic from about 4000 BC, and the Copper Age beginning around 2500 BC with the arrival of the Beaker Culture. The Irish Bronze Age proper begins around 2000 BC and ends with the arrival of the Iron Age of the Celtic Hallstatt culture, beginning about 600 BC. The subsequent La Tène culture brought new styles and practices by 300 BC.

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just next to

Ireland is a small country just next to the United Kingdom.

We can use the phrase 'just next to' to describe the location of something compared to something else. It means 'very close to.' Notice the following:

1. Their new house is just next to a lake and a big park.

2. A new school is being build just next to the old one.

the government building

You often see the Irish flag above the government building or the town hall.

A 'government building' is a building that is owned and used by the government of a country or city. Notice the following:

1. Government buildings usually have very high security.

2. Most of the government buildings are in that neighborhood.

one of the most important symbols

One of the most important symbols of Ireland is the shamrock.

A 'symbol' is a design that has significance for a group of people. If a symbol is 'one of the most important' symbols in a place it means that there are other symbols that are used and important, but not as important as this particular symbol. Notice the following:

1. A sun was one of the most important symbols that appeared before written language.

2. One of the most important symbols of Mexico is an eagle.

a very long history

We have a very long history in Ireland and there are many castles all over.

If a place has a 'very long history' it means that we know what has happened there from the present and far into the past. Notice the following:

1. Europe is a very interesting place to visit because it has a very long history.

2. This part of the country has a very long history.

only for tourists to visit

Sometimes, people still live in these castles; sometimes, they are only for tourists to visit.

When a castle is 'only for tourists to visit' it means that it is no longer used as a place for people to live or what it was used for in the past. Now it is only a place for people to go and look at, like a museum. Notice the following:

1. When he died they turned the house into a museum. Now it's only for tourists to visit.

2. This is really only a place for tourists to visit. No locals come here.

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just next to Ireland is a small country just next to the United Kingdom. We can use the phrase 'just next to' to describe the location of something compared to something else. It means 'very close to.' Notice the following: Their new house is just next to a lake and a big park.

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Let's have fun!

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Study English online with elllo class by listening to conversations of English speakers from around the world.

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Tourism Ireland 'Jump into Ireland" 2017 TV campaign

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Extra reading:               St Patrick's life

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Extra reading:               St Patrick's life

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THE WEARING OF THE GREEN

The tradition of wearing Shamrock to celebrate Saint Patrick seems to date from the seventeenth or eighteenth century. This was a very turbulent time in Irish history. The suppression of the Gaelic way of life by the ruling British invaders resulted in many aspects of the Catholic religion in Ireland being forced underground. Strict laws were enforced which prevented the Catholic population from attending schools so 'hedge-schools' were operated in secret.

These were schools run outdoors in secluded places (sometimes literally 'under a hedge!). The teaching of religion was also forbidden so it is only to be expected that teachers would use naturally available resources to inform their pupils. Thus the Shamrock plant was used to illustrate the message of the Christian Holy Trinity.

Saint Patrick was credited with using the Shamrock in such a manner so the wearing of the Shamrock by the oppressed Catholic population became a means of demonstrating their defiance to the ruling British class. It also imbued a sense of kinship among the native Gaelic people, differentiating them from their oppressors.

Wearing a clump of Shamrock is now a firmly established tradition throughout the world to celebrate not just Saint Patrick but Ireland itself. The Shamrock symbol is widely used by businesses seeking to associate with Ireland and, along with the Harp, is perhaps the single most recognisable symbol of Ireland. It is a shame though that the Shamrock is not a blue plant as the color originally associated with Saint Patrick was blue!

SAINT PATRICK'S DAY PARADE

Saint Patrick's Day is unique in that it is celebrated worldwide. It is most unusual that a country has such an international celebration and is really evidence of the generational effects of emigration that has afflicted Ireland for centuries. After the 1845 to 1849 Irish Famine emigration soared with as many as a million native Irish leaving their homes in the decades after the famine to settle in places like Boston, New York, Newfoundland, Perth, Sydney and beyond. The US Census Bureau now reports that 34 Million US Citizens claim Irish descent. Most emigrants like to commemorate their heritage and thus the Saint Patrick's Day Parade came into being.

The earliest record of a Saint Patrick's Day Parade was in the year 1762 when Irish soldiers serving in the British Army held a Parade in New York City. Earlier records suggest that the day was celebrated by the Irish in Ireland as early as the ninth and tenth centuries.

Again, this was a very difficult time in Irish history with Viking raiders terrorizing the native Gaelic population. It is thus no surprise then that in times of strife the local population would turn to religion and to a commemoration of their own heritage and individuality - a practice that has been repeated by populations of troubled places since the dawn of time. The New York Parade is now the longest running civilian Parade in the world with as many as three Million spectators watching the Parade of over 150,000 participants.

The first official Parade in Ireland was in 1931. The 1901 law that copper-fastened March 17th as an Irish national holiday was later amended to insist that public houses close down on the day. This restriction was later lifted in the 1970's. In the mid 1990's the Irish Government really started to promote the event when it changed from a single day's Parade into a 5-day festival attracting as many as a million visitors into the country. Parades are now held in just about every major city in the world with the biggest in several US cities reaching epic proportions.

GREENING OF BUILDINGS AND RIVERS

The use of the color green reached new heights (or plunged new depths!) when in 1962 the city of Chicago decided to dye part of the Chicago River green. Since then the campaign to have just about every possible landmark turned green for the day has taken off in earnest and in recent years has included the Irish Parliament building, the Sydney Opera House, the Empire State Building, Niagara Falls and even the Pyramids of Giza in Egypt!

A PINT OF PLAIN

The Irish association with drinking is well known and not always positive. Fortunately there are plenty of examples of the appropriate use of alcohol and Saint Patrick's Day is one of them. It is a widely held tradition in Ireland that beer or whiskey can be taken on Saint Patrick's Day although native Irish pub-goers can only look on aghast as visitors top the heads of their creamy pint of Guinness with a green Shamrock. Sacrilege! It is estimated that as many as 13 Million pints of Guinness are consumed on Saint Patrick's Day, up from the usual 5.5 Million per day!

The tradition of dressing up in Irish outfits is not just confined to participants in Parades. Jovial creatures of Irish origin the world over use the opportunity of Saint Patrick's Day to dress up as Leprechaun or even as Saint Patrick himself. Kids love to wear the big green, white and orange hats and receive sweets thrown to them by similarly clad operators of the various Parade floats.

THE SAINT PATRICK'S DAY DINNER

Corned beef and cabbage is as traditional and Irish meal as you will ever find and it is often hauled out for Saint Patrick's Day. Traditional Irish music in the background and a family gathering are other Irish Saint Patrick's Day traditions that have been going on for centuries.

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Saint Patrick - Saint Patrick's Day Traditions?

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THE WEARING OF THE GREEN The tradition of wearing Shamrock to celebrate Saint Patrick seems to date from the seventeenth or eighteenth century. This was a very turbulent time in Irish history. The suppression of the Gaelic way of life by the ruling British invaders resulted in many aspects of the Catholic religion in Ireland being forced underground.

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Grammar - Giving Advice - SHOULD, OUGHT TO, HAD BETTER

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How to give advice

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Thu, 10/02/2008 - 00:00 - Chris McCarthy

Here are some ways which we can give give advice or make recommendations:

For example, imagine that your friend is worried that she is getting fat. She asks you for some advice. You can respond using the following phrases:

You should take some exercise.
You ought to eat more fruit and vegetables.
Why don't you go jogging?
How about eat ing less sugary food?

For stronger advice you can use 'have to' or 'must':

You must see a doctor
You have to take her to see that movie. She'll love it!

Using suggest and recommend

There are two ways which we can use 'recommend' and 'suggest':

I recommend go ing to bed earlier.
I recommend (that) you go to bed earlier.

Using imperatives to give advice

We can use imperative verbs + '-ing' to give advice. Let's look at some more examples using your fat friend!:
Link: Danny's advice page

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Thu, 10/02/2008 - 00:00 - Chris McCarthy Here are some ways which we can give give advice or make recommendations: For example, imagine that your friend is worried that she is getting fat. She asks you for some advice. You can respond using the following phrases: You should take some exercise.

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Apprendre l'anglais > Cours & exercices d'anglais > Exercices d'anglais > test d'anglais n°18636 : Superlatif

Le Superlatif 1) Le superlatif ?!! C'est quoi ?
Le superlatif est une manière de montrer que quelque chose/quelqu'un est unique en son genre

( j'ai sûrement mal expliqué donc je vais faire tout plein d'exemples ! )

L'Amazone est la plus longue rivière du monde.

Jupiter est la plus grosse planète du sytème solaire.

Julien est le plus grand du collège.

Le mont Everest est la plus haute montagne du monde.

2) Comment on l'utilise ?

Ne vous inquiétez pas, c'est très simple ! Le seul petit problème qu'il y a dans le superlatif, c 'est qu'on doit séparer les adjectifs en 2 groupes différents : les courts et les longs !

Lisez bien ce qui va suivre :

2 syllabes => ça dépend !

Si l'adjectif se termine par un -Y, il est court: funny, pretty, friendly, happy ...

les autres sont longs : famous, boring ...
Avec un adjectif court => il suffit de mettre 'the', l'adjectif avec -EST à la fin . ( the + adjectif + -est ) Avec un adjectif long => Il faut mettre 'the' , 'most' et l'adjectif . ( the + most + adjectif ) ex: New York is the most famous city in the USA . 3)EXCEPTIONS ! 1) Si l'adjectif se termine déjà par un " e ", on ne rajoute pas un 2e " e " ! Exemple avec nice (beau) : Peter is the nicest boy in my class . 2) Quand l'adjectif a une syllabe et qu'il se termine par consonne-voyelle-consonne, on double la consonne finale. Exemple avec big (grand,gros) : Sarah is the biggest girl in the school. 3) Quand l'adjectif se termine par un Y, le Y se transforme en I . Exemple avec funny (drôle) : I am the funniest in my class. 4) Deux superlatifs irréguliers, qu'il faut apprendre par cœur. Il n'y a pas de règle. good (bien) > BEST (meilleur)
bad (mauvais) > WORST (pire)
Passons à l'exercice !

Vous devez écrire le superlatif de l'adjectif que je vous donne .

ex: The Loire is * (long) river in France . réponse = the longest

GOOD LUCK!

Fin de l'exercice d'anglais "Superlatif"
Un exercice d'anglais gratuit pour apprendre l'anglais.
Tous les exercices | Plus de cours et d'exercices d'anglais sur le même thème : | Comparatifs/Superlatifs

Maintenant on va pouvoir apprendre à utiliser le superlatif en anglais :

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Le Superlatif 1) Le superlatif ?!! C'est quoi ? Le superlatif est une manière de montrer que quelque chose/quelqu'un est unique en son genre ( j'ai sûrement mal expliqué donc je vais faire tout plein d'exemples ! )Exemples : L'Amazone est la plus longue rivière du monde. Jupiter est la plus gross...

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Pronunciation training