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Melhmann, Isabel. “Migration In Afghanistan/ A Country Profile.” Maastrichtuniversity, 2011,
http://digitalarchive.maastrichtuniversity.nl/fedora/get/guid:85a6d61b-cf54-4d07-881e-c6b1b92444c3/ASSET1

“ AFGHANISTAN - A COUNTRY IN CONTEXT.” Afghanistan.iom.int, International Organization for Migration Afghanistan, 2014, afghanistan.iom.int/sites/default/files/Reports/afghanistan_migration_profile.pdf.

Initial Source;
Geographic, National. “Afghan Migration After the Soviet Invasion.” National Geographic, 2011, drive.google.com/file/d/0Bzsc-446gWqhanNDVmRqd0wwLXM/view.

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Afghanistan has been an emigration country for quite some time. The start was in 1979, when the Soviet invasion happened. Suprisingly, in 2002 Afghanistans government imporved and now they are known to have the highest migration return, but the country is still in hard conditions, to support the people and re-make all the damages from the past.

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Ravenstein's laws of migration: Migrants only move short distances.

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Ravenstein's laws of migration: Migrants only move short distances.

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Because Afghans moved short distances, they migrated to near countries such as, Iran, Pakistan, Turkmenistan.

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Distance decay stops the migrants from emigrating far away from the original place, which is why the immigrants didn't go far away unless it was those who where looking for better life and respect in European countries.

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- this article reflects the stage 2 of demographic transition model because the citizens are moving out of the country for political and economic reasons.

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- If the citizens of the new country do not like afghans, it can have a negative effect on the immigrants because it creates an uneasy environment
- There might be good jobs that support the afghan immigrants, and this keeps them from going back to their home country

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-Not having legal documentation to enter an area.
- Taliban
-poor living conditions
-civil war

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- The borders for other countries
-Taliban
- soviet invasion
-Mujahideen

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-Afghanistan taken over by people that were not followers of Islam.
-Conflicts between Afghan soldiers, Soviet soldiers, and mujahideen, created an unsafe environment to raise a family.
-End of civil war, but invasion of an Islamic group called Taliban, that outlawed many factors of Islam.
-Bombing that accured to take out the Taliban

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- When fleeing to other countries, Pakistan and Iran are good choices because of the shared border and job opportunities

- Those who fled to European countries especially women, went for an opportunity of protection and life

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1)Afghan's migration process was internal and international. If moving inside the borders Afghans moved to urban areas within their country, and later moved to surrounding countries such as Iran, Pakistan and some European countries
2) they did intraregional migration because they desired better lifestyle’s
3) forced to migrate because if the bad government and war

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During 1979 to 1988, Afghanistan went through four waves of migration that let to the spread of them to different places including Pakistan, Iran, Turkmenistan and some European countries.