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Panini composed his Sansrkit grammar known as the Astadhyayi ‘eight books’.

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Philosophical and theoretical questions were investigated.
Pre-Socratic philosophers and later Sophists
Socrates (469-399 BC); Plato (c.427-348 BC); Aristotle (384-322 BC)
The Stoics (4th century BC)

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Roman linguistics continued studying the themes of interest to Greek linguistics. The primary interest was in morphology, syntax was largely ignored.
Varro (116-27 BC); Donatus (mid 4th century AD); Priscian (c.500 AD)

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Boethius (480-524)
Isidore of Seville did etymology and lexicography during the seventh century.(St.Isidorus) (c.560-636)
Sibawaih (8th century, Persian grammarian of Arabic)

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Most of the linguistic work from the Middle Ages was focused on grammar, emphasizing Latin and Greek analyses. "Latin remained the language of learning, and its authority was increased by its use as the language of patristic literature and of the services and the administration of the western (Roman) Church.
St. Jerome translated Bible into Latin dealt with the theory of translation (he suggested a sense for sense translation instead of word for word.
Ælfric the Grammarian (955-1020) [England]
The First Grammatical Treatise (12th century) [Iceland]
Robert Grosseteste (c.1170-1253) [England]
Roger Bacon (c.1214-1292) [England]
Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) [Italy]
Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) [Italy]
Duns Scotus (c.1266-1308)
Thomas of Erfurt (14th century) [Germany]

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During this period, grammatical descriptions were written for several European languages. The Bible was also translated into many different languages during the Renaissance.

Erasmus (1466-1535) [Holland]
Petrus Ramus (c.1515-1572) [France]
Joseph Justus Scaliger (1540-1609) [France]
Franciscus Sanctius (1554-1628) [Spain]
Francis Bacon (1561-1626) [England]
John Locke (1632-1704) [Scotland]
George Berkeley (1685-1753) [Ireland]
David Hume (1711-1776) [Scotland]
René Descartes (1591-1650) [France]
Benedictus Spinoza (1632-1677) [Holland]
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) [Germany]
Port Royal Grammar (1660) [France]

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Linguistics as a science began at the beginning of the 19 th century and was diachronic in its orientation.
Main early figures
Sir William Jones (1746-1794) [England] | Franz Bopp (1791-1867) [Germany]
August Schlegel (1767-1845) [Germany] | Jakob Grimm (1785-1863) [Germany]
Friedrich Schlegel (1772-1829) [Germany] | August Pott (1802-1887) [Germany]
Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767-1835) [Germany] | August Schleicher (1821-1868) [Germany]
Rasmus Rask (1787-1832) [Denmark] | Johannes Schmidt (1843-1901) [Germany]
August Leskien (1840-1916) [Germany]

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In the latter half of the 19 th century linguistic techniques reached a highwater mark and the linguists involved are known today as Neogrammarians. One of their main concerns was the reconstruction of the proto-language Indo-European from which nearly all languages in Europe and many in the Middle East and northern India are derived.
Main later figures
Karl Verner (1846-1896) [Denmark] | Hermann Paul (1846-1921) [Germany]
Karl Brugmann (1849-1919) [Germany] | Baudouin de Courtenay (1845-1929) [Russia]
Hermann Osthoff (1847-1909) [Germany] | Nikolai Kruszewski (1851-1887) [Poland]
Eduard Sievers (1850-1932) [Germany] | Hugo Schuchardt (1842-1927) [Germany]

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F erdinand de Saussure tentatively suggested that language be seen as a game of chess, where the history of past moves is irrelevant to the players, a way though the impasse was quickly recognized.

Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913) [Switzerland]
Edward Sapir (1884-1939) [United States]
Leonard Bloomfield (1887-1949) [United States]
Nikolai Trubetzkoy (1890-1938) [Russia]

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Avram Noam Chomsky (1928- ) and his followers have transformed linguistics. Indeed, despite many difficulties and large claims later retracted, the school of deep or generative grammar still holds centre stage. Chomsky came to prominence in a 1972 criticism of the behavourist's B.F.

Roman Jakobson (1896-1982) [Russia/United States]
Halle, Morris [United States]
Noam Chomsky (1928- ) [United States]

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Historical Background In the year 1940s, the University of Michigan established a program in applied linguistics to train language teachers, and it began publication of the Journal (Language Learning: A Quarterly Journal of Applied Linguistics).

In 1950s, The University of Edinburgh's School of Applied Linguistics trained teachers in applying the principles of linguistics to the practice of teaching.

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There are other professional organizations formed to be devoted to Applied Linguistics as:

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There are other professional organizations formed to be devoted to Applied Linguistics as:

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American Association for Applied Linguistics (AAAL 1977)

International Association of Applied Linguistics (AILA 1973)

A journal devoted to Applied linguistics namely Applied Linguistics appeared in 1980 and in 1981, The Annual Review of Applied Linguistics appeared.