# data[].attributes.body
Endorsed by the UN General Assembly, the initial objective was to form reports with reviews and recommendations with science on climate change. The reports were based on science, social, economic impacts of climate change and recommendations in response to climate change.
https://www.ipcc.ch/about/history/

# data[].attributes.body
The first assessment report noted the importance of climate change as a threat. The threat would have global catastrophes and would required global cooperation. The first assessment lead to the formation of the UNFCCC as a treaty to combat climate change.
https://www.ipcc.ch/about/history/

# data[].attributes.headline
Rio Earth Summit & UN Framework on Climate Change

# data[].attributes.subject
Rio Earth Summit & UN Framework on Climate Change

# data[].attributes.body
June 3-14 1992

The objective of the convention was to get stabilization of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at a level that would help stop anthropogenic interference with the climate system. A level like this can be achieved in a sufficient amount of time to allow ecosystems to adapt to climate change, and make sure that food production would not be threatened and to help make sure that economic development is able to keep going in a sustainable manner.
http://publications.gc.ca/Collection-R/LoPBdP/BP/bp317-e.htm#Change

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.britannica.com/event/Kyoto-Protocol
A international treaty that starts at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change which reduces greenhouse gas emissions. The Kyoto Protocol became effective on February 16 2005, but it was signed on December 11th 1997.

# data[].attributes.body
The fourth assessment lead to the post-Kyoto agreement. The agreement focuses on limiting the global warming to about 2 degrees Celsius.
https://www.ipcc.ch/about/history/

# data[].attributes.body
It was adopted in December 2007 and is a comprehensive process to enable the full, effective, and sustained implementation of the convention through tong-term cooperation in order to agree to an outcome in 2009. The action plan's main building blocks are mitigation, adaptation, technology and financing.

https://unfccc.int/files/meetings/cop_13/application/pdf/cp_bali_action.pdf
http://www.globalbioenergy.org/uploads/media/0809_UNDP_-_The_Bali_action_plan_key_issues_in_the_climate_negotiations.pdf

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The Bali Road Map was adopted at the 13th Conference of the Parties and the 3rd Meeting of the Parties in December 2007 in Bali. The Road Map is a set of a forward-looking decisions that represent the work that needs to be done under various negotiating "tracks" that is essential to reaching a secure climate future.

The Bali Road Map includes the Bali Action Plan, which charts the course for a new negotiating process designed to tackle climate change. The Bali Action Plan is a comprehensive process to enable the full, effective and sustained implementation of the Convention through long-term cooperative action, now, up to and beyond 2012, in order to reach an agreed outcome and adopt a decision. All Parties to the Convention were involved in crafting the Bali Road Map. The COP decided that the process would be conducted under a subsidiary body under the Convention, the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action (AWG-LCA).

The Bali Action Plan is divided into five main categories: shared vision, mitigation, adaptation, technology and financing. The shared vision refers to a long-term vision for action on climate change, including a long-term goal for emission reductions. The AWG-LCA subsequently split the work streams into components under those five parts.

Working in parallel would be the Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol (AWG-KP) negotiations, which was established in Montreal in 2005. Until COP17 in Durban, the main focus of the negotiations under the KP had been to decide what to do when its first commitment period expired in 2012. A decision was reached in Durban to move into a second commitment period in 2013, with Annex I parties submitting their quantified emission reduction targets in May 2012, to be adopted at COP18 in Qatar in December 2012.
The road to agreement
The Bali Action Plan was highly ambitious. In terms of the time lines it spelled out, it may have been overly optimistic, and underestimated the complexity both of climate change as a problem and of crafting a global response to it.

At COP15 in Copenhagen, the Conference of the Parties extended the AWG-LCA's mandate, enabling it to continue its work with the aim of presenting the outcome of this work at COP 16 in Cancun in 2010. COP15 advanced many key issues.

It raised climate change policy to the highest political level;

It advanced the negotiations on the infrastructure needed for well-functioning, global climate change cooperation;

It produced the Copenhagen Accord. It was not adopted by all governments, but it advanced a number of key issues; and

It committed developed countries to $30 billion fast-start financing (in 2010-2012) for adaptation and mitigation in developing countries, with priority given to the least developed countries.

All of this momentum was built upon in Cancun in 2010, when governments drew up the Cancun Agreements, a set of significant decisions to respond to the long-term challenge of climate change collectively and comprehensively, now and over time. Countries decided to make their emission reduction pledges official, in what was the largest collective effort the world has ever seen to reduce emissions in a mutually accountable way. Click here for more information on mitigation under the Cancun Agreements.

Parties then continued to work towards a post-2012 legally-binding agreement with the Cancun Agreements and Bali Road Map as their foundations, and the Convention and KP as their guides. At COP17 in Durban, they reached agreement on a second commitment period on the Kyoto Protocol and on a pathway and deadlines to drawing up and committing to a new, post-2020 mitigation framework under the Convention (see section on Durban Platform for Enhanced Action). All industrialised countries and 48 developing countries also affirmed their pledges up to 2020.

At COP 18 in Doha, Qatar, in December 2012, Parties adopted the decision 1/CP.18 (Agreed outcome pursuant to the Bali Action Plan), thereby successfully concluding 5 years of work under the Bali Action Plan, with significant achievements enabling enhanced action on mitigation, adaptation, finance, technology and capacity-building.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The Bali Road Map was adopted at the 13th Conference of the Parties and the 3rd Meeting of the Parties in December 2007 in Bali. The Road Map is a set of a forward-looking decisions that represent the work that needs to be done under various negotiating "tracks" that is essential to reaching a secure climate future.

# data[].attributes.body
It was in December 2009. They discussed the long-term goal of limiting the maximum increase in the global average temperature by no more that 2*C. They also negotiated for infrastructure needed for effective global climate change cooperation. They also wanted to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of developing countries.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The 15th session of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC and the 5th session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol took place in Copenhagen and was hosted by the Government of Denmark. Also sitting were the thirty-first sessions of the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) and the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA), the tenth session of the Ad hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol (AWG-KP), and the eighth session of the Ad hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention (AWG-LCA).

The Copenhagen Climate Change Conference raised climate change policy to the highest political level. Close to 115 world leaders attended the high-level segment, making it one of the largest gatherings of world leaders ever outside UN headquarters in New York. More than 40,000 people, representing governments, nongovernmental organizations, intergovernmental organizations, faith-based organizations, media and UN agencies applied for accreditation.

COP 15 / CMP 5 was a crucial event in the negotiating process.

It significantly advanced the negotiations on the infrastructure needed for effective global climate change cooperation, including improvements to the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol.

Significant progress was made in narrowing down options and clarifying choices needed to be made on key issues later on in the negotiations.

It produced the Copenhagen Accord, which expressed clear a political intent to constrain carbon and respond to climate change, in both the short and long term.

The Copenhagen Accord contained several key elements on which there was strong convergence of the views of governments. This included the long-term goal of limiting the maximum global average temperature increase to no more than 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, subject to a review in 2015. There was, however, no agreement on how to do this in practical terms. It also included a reference to consider limiting the temperature increase to below 1.5 degrees - a key demand made by vulnerable developing countries. Other central elements included:

Developed countries' promises to fund actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to adapt to the inevitable effects of climate change in developing countries. Developed countries promised to provide US$30 billion for the period 2010-2012, and to mobilize long-term finance of a further US$100 billion a year by 2020 from a variety of sources.

Agreement on the measurement, reporting and verification of developing country actions, including a reference to "international consultation and analysis", which had yet to be defined.

The establishment of four new bodies: a mechanism on REDD-plus, a High-Level Panel under the COP to study implementation of financial provisions, the Copenhagen Green Climate Fund, and a Technology Mechanism.

The work of the two central negotiating groups, the AWG-LCA and the AWG-KP was extended by the COP.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Copenhagen Climate Change Conference - December 2009 | UNFCCC

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The 15th session of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC and the 5th session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol took place in Copenhagen and was hosted by the Government of Denmark.

# data[].attributes.headline
2010 Cancun and Durban Climate Change Conference

# data[].attributes.subject
2010 Cancun and Durban Climate Change Conference

# data[].attributes.body
The Cancun Conference, agreed upon on December 11th of 2010, was the UN's most "comprehensive"  package agreement created yet with attempting to directly tackle climate change. This includes the major reduction of greenhouse gases, the protection of developing countries from climate impacts. The Cancun agreement provides a timeline schedule for all countries involved in the agreement to reduce their greenhouse emissions.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The Cancun Agreements constituted a significant achievement for the UN climate process.

They form the pillars of the largest collective effort the world has ever seen to reduce emissions, in a mutually accountable way, with national plans captured formally at international level under the banner of the UNFCCC.

The Cancun Agreements also included the most comprehensive package ever agreed by governments to help developing nations deal with climate change. It encompassed finance, technology and capacity-building support to help such countries meet urgent needs to adapt to climate change, and to speed up their plans to adopt sustainable paths to low emission economies that could also resist the negative impacts of climate change.
What are the Cancun Agreements, in real terms?
The Cancun Agreements were a set of significant decisions by the international community to address the long-term challenge of climate change collectively and comprehensively over time, and to take concrete action immediately to speed up the global response to it.

The agreements, reached on December 11 in Cancun, Mexico, at the 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference, represented key steps forward in capturing plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and to help developing nations protect themselves from climate impacts and build their own sustainable futures.

Put simply, the Cancun Agreements' main objectives cover:
Mitigation

Establish clear goals and a timely schedule for reducing human-generated greenhouse gas emissions over time to keep the global average temperature rise below two degrees;

Encourage the participation of all countries in reducing these emissions, in accordance with each country's different responsibilities and capabilities to do so.

Review progress made towards two-degree objective, and a review by 2015 on whether the objective needs to be strengthened in future, including the consideration of a 1.5C goal, on the basis of the best scientific knowledge available.

Transparency of actions

Ensure international transparency of the actions which are taken by countries, and ensure that global progress towards the 2C goal is reviewed in a timely way.
Technology

Mobilize the development and transfer of clean technology to boost efforts to address climate change, getting it to the right place at the right time and for the best effect on both adaptation and mitigation.
Finance

Mobilize and provide scaled-up funds in the short and long term to enable developing countries to take greater and effective action.

Set up the Green Climate Fund to provide support to developing countries to assist them in mitigating climate change and adapting to its impacts

Adaptation
Assist the particularly vulnerable people in the world to adapt to the inevitable impacts of climate change by taking a coordinated approach to adaptation.
Forests

Protect the world's forests, which are a major repository of carbon. Governments agreed to launch concrete action on forests in developing nations, which will increase going forward. The full financing options for the implementation of such mitigation actions in the forest area will be addressed during 2011.
Capacity building

Build up global capacity, especially in developing countries, to meet the overall challenge;

Establish effective institutions and systems which will ensure these objectives are implemented successfully.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The Cancun Agreements constituted a significant achievement for the UN climate process. They form the pillars of the largest collective effort the world has ever seen to reduce emissions, in a mutually accountable way, with national plans captured formally at international level under the banner of the UNFCCC.

# data[].attributes.body
Jun 20, 2012 – Jun 22, 2012

The Rio +20 focused on the practical outcome document containing clear and practical measures to implement sustainable development.
https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/rio20.html

# data[].attributes.body
In December 2015, the Paris Agreement was signed by 196 countries and became a legally binding international treaty under the UNFCCC in order to promote international action and accountability on climate change. https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement