# data[].attributes.body
(900-1560s)

# data[].attributes.body
The medium of instruction used was Alibata, a native alphabet that was  similar to Malayo-Polynesian alphabet. It was composed of 17 symbols each representing the letters of the alphabet. The symbols contained three vowels and the rest were consonants. Both men and women knew how to read and write.

# data[].attributes.body
The educators or the teachers during the pre-colonial era were the Babaylan and the Katalonan.

# data[].attributes.body
Some communities were Muslim, similar to those on Mindanao, and education was proliferated through the religion of Islam. The Imam  or Ulema were the declared teachers in the region.

# data[].attributes.body
The children were taught how to read, write and comprehend Arabic by using the Koran as their holy book.

# data[].attributes.body
● This era marks the authentic traditional roots of the Philippine culture as established by the first system of society that prevailed without the intercession of foreign domination.
● The system of education in this period centered primarily as a guide for survival and the enculturation of cultural beliefs.
● Given that there are no specialized institutions mandated for the proliferation of instructions as well as its specific domains, education is viewed as unstructured and informal.

# data[].attributes.body
The real conquest of the Philippines came upon the arrival of the expedition led by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi and the first established Christian school in Cebu was mandated by the Augustinians.

# data[].attributes.body
The Jesuits established “Colegio de San Ignacio”, the first college schools for the boys in Manila.

# data[].attributes.body
The Universidad de San Felipe de Austria was established in Manila. It was the first public university created by the Spanish government in the Philippines. It closed down in 1643.

# data[].attributes.body
“Colegio de Santa Potenciana'' was opened for girls; this was the first school and college for girls. It was intended to provide shelter and education for orphaned girls who could not afford to educate themselves.

# data[].attributes.body
Educational Decree 1863 was established as the first ever educational system in the Philippines. It required the government to provide accessibility to school institutions for every boys and girls in town. Due to this, Spanish Schools started accepting Filipino students and the public school system in the Philippines was established. This has also led for intellectual Filipinos to emerge and establish Normal Schools (offers three-year teacher education) which gave more opportunity for Filipinos to attain education.

# data[].attributes.body
● The period of Spanish inquisition established a wide-scaled reformation not only on the system of education used and mandated, but also has contributed changes in the prevailing religious beliefs in the Philippines.

● The transition of unstructured education to a formal one established multiple institutions specifically with a goal of instilling Christianity and promoting Spanish culture. The initial view on education centered primarily on prioritizing the educational rights of men and wealthy individuals while undermining women as household managers.

● Although there are several contributions in this period that created a systemic type education, the most significant event is the passing of Educational Decree 1863, which allowed accessibility to school institutions for every boy and girl in towns. Although inequality and prejudice is still greatly prevalent during these times, the passing of this event had initiated the birth of more intellectual Filipinos in various fields.

# data[].attributes.body
Spanish-American war ended where Spain lost and still owned the Philippines.

# data[].attributes.body
Americans constructed schools to train teachers such as Philippine Normal School (1901) and National University (1901).

# data[].attributes.body
Americans pad the Spaniards with 20 million dollars to own the Filipinos in accordance with the Treaty of Paris.

# data[].attributes.body
Republic Act No. 74 of the Philippine Commission was published where it established the public primary school (1901) and intermediate school that provided free education (1904) for the people.

# data[].attributes.body
The American soldiers were the first educators of Filipinos where there was an arrival of US teachers from ship Sheridan and in August 1901, the arrival of 600 teachers (Thomasites, derived from the ship named USS Thomas) from ship USS Thomas.

# data[].attributes.body
The 1935 Constitution was effective and written by the Filipino people in which free education in public schools all over the country was implemented by the Commonwealth.

# data[].attributes.body
Institute of Private Education constructed where there were 10,000 students who are studying in 400 private schools, and the formal education was not only for young ones yet for adults, too.

# data[].attributes.body
● The American colonization for 48 years was the golden years of the Philippine education system with their contributions of English as a language and medium of instruction and curriculum where the priest and seminaries were in charge of delivering this.

● It has become the rise of education where both private and public schools started. Despite the separation of the church and the state. They managed to provide these to all the people and supported them from the beginning up to the end.

● In terms of literature, there are published books and papers that changed the point of views of them in various aspects. It is known that people here are very good in writing and communicating skills. The Americans impacted them in such a way that they changed the diverse perspectives on having an education.

# data[].attributes.body
Commonwealth Act No. 1 (The National Defense Act) - Preparatory military training shall be given to the youth in the elementary grade school at the age of 10. “shall extend through college”.

# data[].attributes.body
Commonwealth Act No. 80 - Office of adult education

# data[].attributes.body
Commonwealth Act No. 180 was passed which provided that: The Secretary of Public Instruction was vested with power to supervise, inspect and regulate said schools and colleges in order to determine the efficiency of instruction given in the same.

# data[].attributes.body
Commonwealth Act No. 586 was approved The law provided the reduction of seven- year elementary courses to six- year elementary courses. fixing the school entrance age to seven.

# data[].attributes.body
Commonwealth Act No. 589 – An act establishing a school ritual in all public and private elementary and secondary schools.

# data[].attributes.body
Republic Act no. 896- an act to declare the policy on elementary education in the Philippines.

# data[].attributes.body
● The Philippine Commonwealth was the name of the Philippines when it was still controlled by the United States starting in 1935. Manuel L. Quezon was the first Filipino to head an elected government in the Philippines.
● Philippine Educational System during Commonwealth Period. All schools should develop, moral character, civic conscience, personal discipline and vocational efficiency.
● Commonwealth educational aims emphasizes: moral character, self-discipline, civic consciousness, vocational efficiency, values controlling and motivating oneself,  conservation of resources both human and natural social consciousness in terms of equal rights.

# data[].attributes.body
Japan attacked the Philippines, ten hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii.

# data[].attributes.body
Japanese occupied Manila.

# data[].attributes.body
Bataan Death March.

# data[].attributes.body
The Japanese Executive Commission issued Military Order No. 2 mandating the teaching of Tagalog, Philippine history and character education to Filipino students emphasizing a love for work and dignity of labor.

# data[].attributes.body
General Yamashita formally signed the official document of surrender of all Japanese Forces.

# data[].attributes.body
● The Japanese occupation started from 1942 to 1945. As soon as they gained authority, the Japanese people altered and modified the Philippines' education system. Japanese education policies were incorporated in Military Order No. 2.
● The Philippine Executive Commission established the Commission on Education, Health and Public Welfare wherein Tagalog, Philippine History and Character Education were taught to the Filipinos. Schools were then reopened in June 1942 with 300,000 students.
● The language of instruction was Nihongo for Filipinos to develop a sense of love and admiration for Japanese culture. The use of the English language was then restricted in order to inject in the language they wanted the citizens to use primarily. They also banned singing American songs, poems, and pictures while also prohibiting anti-Asian opinions.

# data[].attributes.body
Republic Act. No. 139 - Provides the basis for the selection and adoption of textbooks.

# data[].attributes.body
Republic Act No. 1945 - Include in the Curricula of All Public and Private Schools, Colleges and Universities Courses On the Life, Works and Writings of Jose Rizal.

# data[].attributes.body
Republic Act No. 4670 - The Magna Carta for Public School Teachers.

# data[].attributes.body
Executive Order No. 202 - The creation of the PCSPE. The PCSPE policy and project recommendations became the basis of major educational reforms beginning in 1972.

# data[].attributes.body
● Presidential Decree 6A or Educational Decree of 1972 - The government declared a policy to reorient the educational system toward an accelerated national economic growth and meaningful social development.
● Proclamation of 1081 of 1972 - Proclaiming a state of Martial Law in the Philippines.

# data[].attributes.body
● This is the immediate post-war years in the Philippines. At the same time, the nation is in search of its true identity after the 450 years of colonial rule. And for that reason, the educational system aimed to realize democratic ideals and way of life altogether.
● From 1948 to 1953, Quirino's Term, former President Quirino reviewed and revised education policy to be more adaptable to and in keeping with the national requirements without sacrificing the traditional aim of providing a liberal culture basic to the good life. From 1953 to 1957.
● Magsaysay's Term, former President Magsaysay provided children with adequate buildings by considering a school building program on a national scale. From 1957 to 1961
● Garcia's Term, former President Garcia started to use vernacular as a medium of instruction in the first two years of the primary grades, thereby promoting optimum literacy, especially among those pupils who can stay in school for only a few years. From 1961 to 1965
● Macapagal's Term, former president Macapagal increased the budget for education, where we were able to solve the recurring school crisis brought about by rapid population growth.

# data[].attributes.body
1973 Constitution - The 1973 Constitution set out the three fundamental aims of education in the Philippines: to foster love of country; to teach the duties of citizenship; and to develop moral character, self-discipline, and scientific, technological and vocational efficiency.

# data[].attributes.body
DECS Order No. 25 - “Implementing Guidelines for the Policy on Bilingual Education.

# data[].attributes.body
Presidential Decree No.146 - Upgrading the quality of education in the Philippines by requiring all high school graduates seeking admission to post-secondary degree programs necessitating a minimum of four year’s study to pass a national entrance examination and appropriating funds therefor.

# data[].attributes.body
Presidential Decree No. 1006 - Providing for the professionalization of teachers, regulating their practice in the Philippines and for other purposes.

# data[].attributes.body
● Batas Pambansa Blg. 232 - An act providing for the establishment and maintenance of an integrated system of education.
● DECS launched the Program for Decentralized Education (PRODED) for elementary education to modify the curriculum and put emphasis on science, technology, math, reading, and writing.

# data[].attributes.body
Republic Act No. 6655 - It is the policy of the State to provide for a free public secondary education to all qualified citizens and to promote quality education at all levels.

# data[].attributes.body
Executive Order No. 27 - The Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports shall include the study and understanding of human rights in the curricula of all levels of education and training in all schools in the country,

# data[].attributes.body
● One of the significant historical events in this era is the declaration of Martial Law in the country in 1972. The Philippine government set out to reform the country in a new social order called the 'New Society.
● It is said that the educators' concept in the new society is always correlated to the advent of Martial law. This era's primary aim towards education was the promotion of the love of country, teachers' duties of citizenship, developing moral character, self-discipline, and scientific, technological, and vocational efficiency.
● In this Era, Educational curriculum changes and introduced social orientation as manifested by the conservation of the Filipino heritage, training for occupation, promotion of democracy, nation-building, and a new thrust on community development.

# data[].attributes.body
The 1987 Policy on Bilingual Education mandates the use of both Filipino and English language as a media of instruction at all levels.

# data[].attributes.body
Republic Act No. 6655, known as the Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988 was approved on May 26, 1988.

# data[].attributes.body
In 1999, the Department of Education, Culture and Sports, which governs both public and private education in all levels, stated that its mission was "to provide quality basic education that is equitably accessible to all by the foundation for lifelong learning and service for the common good."

# data[].attributes.body
Republic Act No. 9155 - Governance of Basic Education Act was passed in August 2001 changing the name of  Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) to the Department of Education (DepEd).

# data[].attributes.body
1987 Constitution, Executive Order No. 189 - All public secondary school teachers are hereby placed under the administrative supervision and control of the Department of Education, Culture and Sports. Henceforth, basic salaries and cost of living allowances of said teachers shall be paid by the national government.

# data[].attributes.body
Passed on January 30, 2013, The Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 “An act enhancing the Philippine Basic Education system by strengthening its curriculum and increasing the number of years for basic education, Appropriating funds therefore and for other purposes.”

# data[].attributes.body
K-12 was implemented known as the RA 10533 in May 15, 2013, making primary education last 6 years, 4 years in junior high school and 2 years in senior high school.

# data[].attributes.body
● This period of time was the Post Edsa Republic. With the help of different implementations for the betterment of the educational system of numerous administrations during this time (Pres. Corazón Aquino 1986 - 1992, Pres. Fidel V. Ramos 1992 - 1998, Pres. Joseph Estrada 1998 - 2001, Pres. Gloria Arroyo 2001 - 2010, Pres. Benigno Aquino lll 2010 - 2016 up to present)
● The new educational reform known as the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 (Republic Act 10533) has been established to carry on the modernization of the 21st-century challenges.
● Implementing the new K - 12 curriculum has been the most significant step in addressing the students' academic needs.