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- In 1492, Christopher Columbus wanted to find a shorter route to China but discovered North America.
- After C. Columbus, many European explorers arrived: John Cabot (1497), Giovanni da Verrazzano (1524), Jacques Cartier (1534), etc.
- European countries established their colonies, mainly three powerful ones: France, England and Spain.
- There was many acrimonious conflict between the Indigenous peoples and the invading countries. The colonists killed the natives and pushed them to the west.
- The colonies became independent from the success of the American revolution and the independence of the United States in 1776.

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-Location: Virginia
-First boomtown of the USA
-economy increased thanks to John Rolfe's idea of growing tobacco
- black people had labour contract.

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- Immigration purpose: seeking religious freedom
_ The Mayflower
- origin of Thanksgiving Day
-10% of Americans

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The Revolutionary War 1775-1783 (Group: Billy the Kid)

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The Revolutionary War 1775-1783 (Group: Billy the Kid)

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Main cause: A series of events which was provoked by the British following the 7-year long major global conflict caused colonies opposition and unrest to pilled up culminating to war.

Key figures: George Washington, John Adams, John Jay, Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, John Dickinson, James Maddison, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton.

Fighting first broke out on 19 April 1775. The war lasted only for 7 years, with effective American victory in October 1781. The Treaty of Paris in 1783 was signed between Great Britain and the United States, then ratified the following spring.

The revolutionary war put an end to the colonial possessions and the individual colonies developed into an independent nation.

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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- The transition to new manufacturing processes, included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, the increasing use of steam power and water power, the development of machine tools and the rise of the mechanized factory system.
- Originated in Great Britain, then spread to the United States (1760-1840)
- Important developments:
+ May 24, 1844: Samuel Morse transmitted the first message on a United States experimental telegraph line.
+ 1876: Alexander Graham Bell received a patent for his revolutionary new invention: the telephone.
+ 1879: Thomas Edison perfected the first commercially practical incandescent light bulb.

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Civil War 1861-1865 (Group: White Chicks)

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Civil War 1861-1865 (Group: White Chicks)

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- Main cause: regime conflict between the United States and the Confederate States.
- Key People: James Buchanan, Ulysses S. Grant, Robert E. Lee, Abraham Lincoln, Richard S. Ewell.
- The war last four years, most battles were in northern states until 1862 and in southern states after 1862.
- Result: Union Victory, slavery abolished.
- The bloodiest war in US history: more than 750000 deaths.

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Second World War  1939-1945 (Group: Apple Pie)

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Second World War  1939-1945 (Group: Apple Pie)

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-Global war of the great powers.
- The United States entered the Second World War when Japan attacked the Hawaiian Island in December 1941.
-The deadly conflict between the Allies (the United States, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, China) and the Axis powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan) caused 75 to 80 million people to die.
-The war ended when the United States dropped 2 atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945.
+ The Allies achieved a victory.
+The Axis must surrender unconditionally.
- The Beginning of the Nuclear Age.
- United Nations was established.
- The United States and the Soviet Union became  2 superpowers after the war.

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Civil Rights Movement ( Group Liberty Bell )

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Civil Rights Movement ( Group Liberty Bell )

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Civil rights movement:

- The civil rights movement was an organized effort by Black Americans to end racial discrimination and gain equal rights under the law. It began in the late 1940s and ended in the late 1960s.

- Although tumultuous at times, the movement was mostly nonviolent and resulted in laws to protect every American’s constitutional rights, regardless of color, race, sex or national origin.

The late 19th century: Jim Crow’s law

- In 1896, the Supreme Court ruled to maintain racial segregation in private business, in case called Plessy v. Ferguson. This led to the application of Jim Crow laws which resulted in blacks being treated as second-class citizens.

December 1, 1955: Rosa Parks

- She was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white person. Parks unwittingly became the “mother of the modern day civil rights movement” because Parks’ courage incited the MIA to stage a boycott of the Montgomery bus system

1963: March on Washington

- March on Washington - With an estimated 250,000 people in attendance, this was truly a landmark event for the Civil rights movement.

- March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom - Both black and white people gathered together to witness Martin Luther King Jr. give his historical "I Have a Dream" speech.

- "I Have a Dream" - Read the words, written and spoke by Martin Luther King Jr., which united a nation.

1965: Selma to Montogomery

- Bloody Sunday - The demonstration march from Selma to Montgomery was nicknamed "Bloody Sunday" due to the brutality and violence troops used against the peaceful demonstrators.

- March 7th Selma, Alabama - Over 600 people partook in the March from Selma, Alabama.

- 1968: The Fair Housing Act

The Fair Housing Act became law on April 11, 1968, just days after King’s assassination. It prevented housing discrimination based on race, sex, national origin, and religion. It was also the last legislation enacted during the civil rights era.

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Drunk History - Key Moments in the Civil Rights Movement

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The World Trade Center Attack 11/9 (Group: Red Rose)

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The World Trade Center Attack 11/9 (Group: Red Rose)

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- Time from 8:46 a.m – 10:28 a.m
- Target place: World Trade Center, New York, U.S
- Main process: 19 al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four commercial airliners. The first plane to hit its target was American Airlines Flight 11, flown into the North Tower at 8:46a.m
-At 9:03 am, the World Trade Center's South Tower was hit by United Airlines Flight 175.
-al-Qaeda's leader from Afghanistan is Osama bin Laden.
- Consequence: 2.996 people were killed, 10.000 people were diagnosed. Moreover, It caused serious harmful to the economy of New York City and created a global economic recession.
- Causes:
+ Terrorist Plot-> Intelligence failure.
+Especially, lack of communication between intelligence agencies and enforce domestic laws.

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yt5s.com-When the Towers Fell _ National Geographic(360p)