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> One of the most prolific writers in English literature. His works are also amongst the most popular.
> His childhood poverty had a profound effect on him and his writing.
> First-hand knowledge of the other, darker, face of the Victorian Age.
> Dickens did not propose revolutionary changes for his period.
> He advocated a moral solution.

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Why should you read Charles Dickens? - Iseult Gillespie

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> Born in 1812 in Hamptshire.
> At the age of 12 he  moved with his family to London where he was sent to work 12 hours a day in a factory.
> Scarce education until the factory owner gave him some private lessons.
> The whole family was committed to debtors'prison.
> Dickens's grandmother died and left the family a small amount of money.
> Dickens began to work in 1827  first as a solicitor's clerk and then as a freelance journalist.
> Anonymous various papers.
> Published in instalment form his first novels.
> Gave public readings of his works not only in England but also in America.
> It was after a reading tour of the US in 1868 that he became ill and died in 1870.

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> His works have become famous all over the world.
> Were adapted for theatre, cinema, radio and television.
> Most of them are set in London.
> Critic to the English society during Victorian Age.
> Important themes in his novels: poverty, exploitation and injustice.
> Unforgettable characters and situations.
> Main works: A Christmas Carol, the story of a cold-hearted man who, after a visit by ghosts, becomes kind and generous, Hard Times, based on the factory-life and the oppressive effects it has on workers, which is set in a fictious, industrial town called Coketown, where coke is produced and Oliver Twist, the most popular one.
> His work were published in chapters in order to acquire more popularity and interest among the public (novel in instalments).
> Dickens' novels are characterised by great humour and wit, with brilliant dialogues and the great variaty of characters, big pathos and sentimentalism, depicting complex plots and charismatic characters.
> The chracters are flat characters, accentuated one particular part of their personality, they are either good or bad.

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> Dicken's  most famous novel.
> Most important themes and elements: workhouses, childhood, poverty, hunger, exploitation, child labour, criminality, immorality, murder, blackmail.
> One of the first English novel to focus on a child protagonist.
> Set in London.
> A gripping story lightened up by moments of comic relief

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> Elments like hunger, poverty and exploitation are always present in his works, in order to  represent and criticze  the terrible condistions and injustices of the Victorian Age.
> During the Victorian Age, the Industrial Revolution brought politcal and economic progress to the country.
> New factories were built and workers moved from the contry to the city for work.
> Many children had to work in these factories in very dirty and poor conditions for little money.
> Children had to work from 6 in the morning until 8 at night from Monday to Saturday.
> They had to do dangerous and dirty jobs and they had no rights because there were no laws to protect them.
> One of the most common children occupations  of the time were Chimmney sweeps.
> Child labour is still present today in many of the world’s largest global commodities, from gold, coffee, tobacco and bananas to sugarcane, cotton and rubber..
> 168 million children are estimated in some sort of labour in the world.
> Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest number of child labourers in the world.
> Unfortunately though this does not happen only in Afrika or in poor countries, in fact child labour is a reality of major industries and many of the goods and commodities that we buy and consume today.
> One industry now intrinsically linked to child labour in west Africa is cocoa, the chocolate industry.
> Children are forced to help their family with the production, instead of going to school and therefore are prohibited of their education.
> In order to fight these problem there is the need to acknoledge it  and fight it through information and actions.

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> Both Oliver Twist and Rosso Malpelo are children exploited by adults.
> Malpelo is exploited by the adult miners, even if they belong to the same world.
> Both Dickens and Verga attacked the social evils of their time.
> As Dickens denounces the exploitation of children in workhouses run by parishes, Verga denounces children’s exploitation and the denial of childhood.
> Both the writers also point out how the main social values (family, friendship) are destroyed by a utilitarian concept of life.

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> The 10th novel by Charles Dickens, first published in 1854.
> One of the social critic novels published in the same period as many others.
> Set in Coketown, an imaginary industrial city.
> The novel had a great echo and received positive and negative comments from many critics, who underlined Dickens' positions towards trade unions and the pessimism of his social analysis.
> The main intent of the writer was to support the campaign in favor of the reform of working conditions.
> Inspired by the experiences he had in his childhood, Dickens was determined to "give the hardest blow I am capable of" in the name of those who work in such horrible conditions.
> The book is set in a city called  Coketown, since the author was not allowed to mention the real name of the place where the narrated events take place.
> The real name of the city is Preston, near Manchester, which had been visited by Dickens in 1854 and whose strikes had interested him
> He then visited some factories in Manchester in early 1839 and was appalled by the harsh working conditions of the workers.
> It is structured in three parts, the title of each is linked to the verse "each of us reaps what he sowed", that is: what is done in the present has direct effects on what will happen in the future.
> The first book is entitled "Sowing", the second "The Harvest"  and the third "The Crop".
> Dickens deliberately chose these titles and they are fundamental for understanding and analyzing the text.