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The first attendance policy was created in 1852, also known as the compulsory attendance act. This was first enacted by the state of Massachusetts. This was so that the conditions of children could start to be improved.

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Race and National Origin Discrimination Policy - 1964

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Race and National Origin Discrimination Policy - 1964

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The title VI of the Civil Rights Act, passed in 1964 prohibits discrimination based on race, color, or national origin. There has been discourse over the years over what counts as unlawful “discrimination” but it has been agreed that the title VI policy protects programs from singling out individuals by race.

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The first dress code law was enacted n in 1969 after the court case Tinker vs. Des Moines Independent School District. This court case ruled that schools are allowed to limit student expression.

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The title IX policy prohibits sex-based discrimination in any educational setting. The policy was passed on June 23, 1972 and was created in response to the inequalities that women were facing in the workforce. Title IX has made many impacts in schools today. More women are getting degrees and women’s athletic programs have expanded.

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The Children Protection policy started in 1980 and its main goal is keeping children in the education system safe and protected. This policy creates a zero tolerance environment for for child abuse. This makes sure the school educates their staff on how to identify child abuse if needed.

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This act was created in 1986 to make sure we are able to ensure the students and the staffs safety in case of any emergency that may arise. they are also especially important now because of the coronavirus.

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This requires schools to expel any student found with a gun in K-12 schools. It restricts any individual from bringing a gun onto the school campus. A gun store cannot be within 1,000 feet of the school grounds.

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The Anti-Bullying Policy was put into place after April of 1999. On April 22nd of 1999 the Columbine shooting rocked the United States into a standstill. After that Georgia was the first state in the United States to implement the Anti-Bullying policy and after that many more states followed. This policy was created to stop more harmful violence like the Columbine shooting from happening again. Almost all schools have implemented assemblies once a year to talk about Anti-Bullying with the students.

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No Child Left Behind mainly focuses on
closing student achievement gaps by providing fair opportunities in education, no matter the disadvantage.

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The Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008 (or HEOA) is a legislation with the purpose to strengthen educational resources of post-secondary education students. This act has made many changes related to financial aid for students, specifically students with disabilities.

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The Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act, 2008.

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The Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act, 2008.

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Congress recognized that physical and mental disabilities in no way diminish a person's right to fully participate in all aspects of society but that people with physical or mental disabilities are frequently precluded from doing so because of prejudice, antiquated attitudes, or the failure to remove societal and institutional barriers. This act is intended to, ‘‘provide a clear and comprehensive national mandate for the elimination of discrimination against individuals with disabilities.’’  For example, the ADA prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in places of public accommodations, including golf courses. In PGA Tour v. Martin, the Supreme Court held, 7-2, that professional golf tours are covered by Title III and that use of a golf cart by a golfer with a mobility impairment did not "fundamentally alter" the golf tournaments. This case was a prime example of how this policy has been helping resolve a real world problem and make the world more accessible for everyone regardless of abilities.

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American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 and Race to the Top

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American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 and Race to the Top

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This is a competitive grant program to support education proposed by Barak Obama to reform and promote innovation in state and local district K-12 education. It was initially funded with $4.35 billion by the ED Recovery Act as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. Since coming to the education scene it has raised over $6 billion to 24 states and D.C. to support education programs and college ready programs. In short this program encouraged states to compete for federal grants in education depending on the performance of each school. The issue of funding is very prevelant in the education system as a whole but in the case, Abbott v. Burke (NJ, 1985-2011), New Jersey’s Education Law Center claimed that New Jersey’s school finance system both disadvantaged students in low-income districts and contributed to significant differences in the adequacy of education offered in poor districts compared to wealthy districts.  The New Jersey Supreme Court found the system unconstitutional and ordered that the state implement a program to ensure that funding in the “Abbott Districts” would be comparable to that of the wealthier districts. Overall any cases about funding all tackle the same issue of there not being enough funding for the schools and especially for low income schools.

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SENATE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION 1044, May of 2021.

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SENATE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION 1044, May of 2021.

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Allows any person without lawful immigration status to be eligible for instate tuition as long as they meet the following two requirements. One, have attend a local, private or homeschool for at least two years prior and two, graduate from a public/private high school or maintain a high school equivalent. An example of a court case where this issue would be applicable and where you can see the impact of this new policy is the court case Plyer v.s Doe. By a 5–4 vote, the Court concluded that the Texas legislation violated the Equal Protection Clause. The Court explained that "education has a fundamental role in maintaining the fabric of our society" and "provides the basic tools by which individuals might lead economically productive lives to the benefit of us all." This court case just shows how important it is for education to be accessible to everyone regardless of immigration status.