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Day 3 Presentations - Monitoring and Tools/Communications

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Day 3 Presentations - Monitoring and Tools/Communications

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Note: Can be played right here in Padlet, OR viewed alongside content in Panopto (click rightmost square with arrow underneath image above).

In Panopto: Click "Contents" in left hand bar to access desired session.  Note: Captions have not yet been edited and may not align timewise with the provided recording; chat comments can be found in "Discussion."

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Day 3 Presentations: Middle Peninsula Restoration Workshop 2021

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Day 3 presentations include those related to monitoring and tools/communications.

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Cirse Gonzalez: cagonzalez@vims.edu

Bio here: https://www.vims.edu/about/directory/faculty/other/gonzalez_ca.php

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Day 2 Presentations - Restoration Science and Innovative Implementation

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Day 2 Presentations - Restoration Science and Innovative Implementation

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Note: Can be played right here in Padlet, OR viewed alongside content in Panopto (click rightmost square with arrow underneath image above).

In Panopto: Click "Contents" in left hand bar to access desired session.  Note: Captions have not yet been edited and may not align timewise with the provided recording; chat comments can be found in "Discussion."

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Day 2 Presentations: Middle Peninsula Restoration Workshop 2021

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Day 2 presentations include those related to restoration science and innovative implementation/construction.

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Check out how we're all connected... and where we need to connect!

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Middle Peninsula Restoration Workshop 2021

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For your reference!

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September 21-23, Middle Peninsula Restoration Workshop; REGISTER here!

Tuesday, September 21

9:30 Sign-on, and get ready to restore!

9:40 Welcome
We'll cover workshop goals and run you through the three-day plan.

10:00 Funding/Financing Restoration
Supporting restoration projects on private and public lands remains a challenging top priority for practitioners. How do we do it? Here's a look at a timely funding mechanism and an organization that partners to support restoration projects. Q&A with speakers and breakout discussion to follow.

10:55 Siting and Designing for Resilient Restoration
How do we design restoration projects for our ever-changing coast? Where does it make sense to start a project, and what alternative methods are now being used? Q&A with speakers and breakout discussion to follow.

Wednesday, September 22

9:30 Welcome
Overview of what's happened, and what's ahead.

9:40 Ice Breaker
Because we love social capitol! Connect with your restoration colleagues.

10:00 Restoration Science
Restoration's "best available science" is currently focused on the conventional, though there are more holistic approaches to restoration. But what do those look like? How do we incorporate alternative sciences for the most effective results? We'll first take a look at a tool NOAA developed for shoreline planting - MAPTITE (Marsh Analysis and Planning Tool Incorporating Tides and Elevations). Then, we'll explore ways conventional tools and approaches like MAPTITE can be augmented by hearing how it's being done on the Oregon coast. Q&A with speakers and breakout discussion to follow.
10:55 Implementation and Construction: Restoration Projects in the Making
Implementing nature-based solutions is not reliant on natural tools and materials alone. Learn how technology is facilitating opportunities in the construction of nearshore restoration projects. Then, hear how to become a certified restoration practitioner! Q&A with speakers and breakout discussion to follow.

Thursday, September 23

9:30 Welcome
Overview of what's happened, and what's ahead.

9:40 Ice Breaker
Because we love social capitol! Connect with your restoration colleagues.

10:00 Monitoring
How well do restoration projects perform? How do you maintain them? We'll hear about a local framework for monitoring, and a protocol designed in the Mid Atlantic for engaging the community in this necessary part of restoration. Q&A with speakers and breakout discussion to follow.
11:00 Tools to Get you Restoration Ready
Now what? Time to get out there! Hear where you can turn to for locally-relevant and national resources to inform your next steps. Q&A with speakers and breakout discussion to follow.

12:00 Close
Brought to you by:

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September 21-23, Middle Peninsula Restoration Workshop; REGISTER here! Tuesday, September 21 9:30 Sign-on, and get ready to restore! 9:40 Welcome We'll cover workshop goals and run you through the three-day plan. 10:00 Funding/Financing Restoration Supporting restoration projects on private and public lands remains a challenging top priority for practitioners.

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Get excited

Be present

Engage

Critique ideas, not people

Keep discussion constructive and applicable to all

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We're recording!

Mute on - until discussion

Cameras off - until breakouts

Speaker view!

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Elsa Schwartz: eschwartz@estuaries.org

Bio here: https://estuaries.org/about/staff/

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Matt Campbell: matt@natrx.io

Bio here: https://www.vims.edu/cbnerr/roundtable/members/habitat-restoration-steering-committee/midpen-restoration-wrkshp/matt-campbell-bio.pdf

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Day 1 Presentations - Funding and Design

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Day 1 Presentations - Funding and Design

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Note:  Can be played right here in Padlet, OR viewed alongside content in Panopto (click rightmost square with arrow underneath image above).

In Panopto: Click "Contents" in left hand bar to access desired session.  Note: Captions have not yet been edited and may not align timewise with the provided recording; chat comments can be found in "Discussion."

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Day 1 Presentations: Middle Peninsula Restoration Workshop 2021

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Day 1 presentations include those related to funding/financing and siting and design.

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Michael Barber: michael.barber@dcr.virginia.gov

Bio here: https://www.vims.edu/cbnerr/roundtable/members/habitat-restoration-steering-committee/midpen-restoration-wrkshp/mbarber-bio.pdf

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Paula Worden: pworden@resourcesinstitutec.org

Bio here: https://www.resourceinstituteinc.org/paula-bio

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Paula and Ashley on their org as a restoration hub

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https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/dam-safety-and-floodplains/dsfpm-cfpf

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2021 Virginia Community Flood Preparedness Fund Grant

The Virginia Community Flood Preparedness Fund (CFPF) was established to provide support for regions and localities across Virginia to reduce the impacts of flooding.

Grant Round 1: Application Period is Closed

Grant Round 2

Download the 2021 Virginia Community Flood Preparedness Fund Grant Manual Round 2.

Applications for Round 2 are due by 4 p.m. on Nov. 5, 2021.

Please review the Q&A Sessions below for questions and answers provided.

Additional Training to be Announced Soon!

The Virginia Community Flood Preparedness Fund (CFPF) was established in the Code of Virginia pursuant to Chapter 13, Title 10.1, Article 4, Section 10.1-603.24 and Section 10.1-603-25 and the provisions of § 10.1-1330. Clean Energy and Community Flood Preparedness Fund, which was passed during the 2020 session of the General Assembly. Money in the fund comes from the auction of carbon allowances through the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI).

The fund was established to provide support for regions and localities across Virginia to reduce the impacts of flooding, including flooding driven by climate change. The fund will prioritize projects that are in concert with local, state and federal floodplain management standards, local resilience plans and the Virginia Coastal Resilience Master Plan. The fund will empower communities to complete vulnerability assessments, and develop and implement action-oriented approaches to bolster flood preparedness and resilience.

The following conditions shall apply to the use of moneys allocated from the fund:

1. Localities shall use moneys in the fund primarily for the purpose of implementing flood prevention and protection projects and studies in areas that are subject to recurrent flooding as confirmed by a locality-certified floodplain manager.

2. Moneys in the fund may be used to mitigate future flood damage and to assist inland and coastal communities across the commonwealth that are subject to recurrent or repetitive flooding.

3. No less than 25% of the moneys disbursed from the fund each year shall be used for projects in low-income geographic areas.

4. Priority shall be given to projects that implement community-scale hazard mitigation activities that use nature-based solutions to reduce flood risk.

Commonwealth Resilience Planning Principles
The fund is guided by these principles, regardless of region.

1. Acknowledge climate change and its consequences, and base decision making on the best available science.

2. Identify and address socioeconomic inequities and work to enhance equity through adaptation and protection efforts.

3. Utilize community and regional scale planning to the maximum extent possible, seeking region-specific approaches tailored to the needs of individual communities.

4. Understand fiscal realities and focus on the most cost-effective solutions for the protection and adaptation of communities, businesses and critical infrastructure. The solutions will, to the extent possible, prioritize effective natural solutions.

5. Recognize the importance of protecting and enhancing green infrastructure in all regions and in the coastal region, natural coastal barriers, and fish and wildlife habitat by prioritizing nature-based solutions.

Eligible activities include flood prevention and protection projects and studies, capacity building, and planning.

Other Resources

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the virginia department of conservation and recreation

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Community Flood Preparedness Fund Grants and Loans

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The Virginia Community Flood Preparedness Fund (CFPF) was established to provide support for regions and localities across Virginia to reduce the impacts of flooding. Download the 2021 Virginia Community Flood Preparedness Fund Grant Manual Round 2. Applications for Round 2 are due by 4 p.m. on Nov. 5, 2021.

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Resource Institute, Inc. Resource Institute

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Resource Institute restores America's streams, rivers & wetlands.

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Funding - Reciprocity Circle - Google Jamboard

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The version of the browser you are using is no longer supported. Please upgrade to a supported browser. Dismiss

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Donna Milligan: milligan@vims.edu

Bio here: https://www.vims.edu/people/milligan_da/index.php

VIMS Shoreline Studies Program: https://www.vims.edu/research/departments/physical/programs/ssp/index.php

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Becky Swerida: rebecca.swerida@maryland.gov

Bio here: https://www.vims.edu/cbnerr/roundtable/members/habitat-restoration-steering-committee/midpen-restoration-wrkshp/becky-swerida-bio.pdf

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Living Shoreline Sea-Level Resiliency: Performance and Adaptive Management

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Swerida - Middle Penninsula Shoreline Restoration Workshop Sept 2021

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Provide feedback here on considerations for resilient design.

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Cirse Gonzalez, CBNERR-VA
https://www.vims.edu/cbnerr/

Lauren Taneyhill, NOAA CBO https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/topic/chesapeake-bay

Green Fin team!
Paula Jasinski
Shirley Chu
Lauren Huey
Lily Huffman
https://greenfinstudio.com/

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Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC) will support states, local communities, tribes and territories as they undertake hazard mitigation projects, reducing the risks they face from disasters and natural hazards. BRIC is a new FEMA pre-disaster hazard mitigation program that replaces the existing Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) program.

The BRIC program guiding principles are supporting communities through capability- and capacity-building; encouraging and enabling innovation; promoting partnerships; enabling large projects; maintaining flexibility; and providing consistency.

Before, When and After You Apply for BRIC Funding

Get the answers to your questions about applying for BRIC funding as you navigate through the application process from start to finish.

Summer Engagement Series

This July, we hosted a Summer Engagement Series to discuss key elements of the newly developed BRIC program.

View recordings and presentations from the sessions describing the program and how it relates to building codes, Community Lifelines, nature-based solutions and more.

Reducing Risk through Hazard Mitigation

The Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC) program aims to categorically shift the federal focus away from reactive disaster spending and toward research-supported, proactive investment in community resilience. FEMA anticipates BRIC funding projects that demonstrate innovative approaches to partnerships, such as shared funding mechanisms, and/or project design. For example, an innovative project may bring multiple funding sources or in-kind resources from a range of private and public sector stakeholders or offer multiple benefits to a community in addition to the benefit of risk reduction.

Through BRIC, FEMA will continue to invest in a variety of mitigation activities with an added focus on infrastructure projects and Community Lifelines.

Additional Resources

BRIC Timeline

This graphic illustrates the process and timing of the BRIC roll out.

Since the Disaster Recovery Reform Act of 2018 (DRRA) was signed into law, FEMA has been working to develop the Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC) program.

FEMA published notice of the BRIC proposed policy in the Federal Register for public comment, which closed on May 11, 2020.

While FEMA is finalizing the BRIC policy, a NOFO was released on August 4, 2020. The NOFO is posted on grants.gov and provides detailed program information and other grant application and administration requirements.

The application period to apply for fiscal year 2020 BRIC funding was opened on September 30, 2020. There is $500 million available in BRIC funding. For more detailed information on applying, visit the NOFO webpage. FEMA encourages applications for BRIC funding before the deadline on January 29, 2021 at 3 p.m.* Applications submitted after this deadline will not be considered for funding. Project selections for awards is anticipated in Summer 2021.

(*Applicants may have earlier deadlines for sub-applicants. For local governments and state and tribal agencies, please contact your State Hazard Mitigation Officer to learn about the applicant's priorities, deadlines, and additional requirements.)

Summary of Stakeholder Feedback

To support the development of the Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC) program, FEMA engaged in a comprehensive stakeholder engagement process in 2019 that leveraged an online crowd-sourcing platform, virtual and in-person listening sessions. FEMA heard from federal, state, tribal, and territorial stakeholders, as well as local partners, and members of the general public about the challenges they face in implementing mitigation projects and recommendations for how BRIC can be responsive to their mitigation needs at all levels of government.

In total, FEMA received 75 formal letters and approximately 5,000 comments with feedback from engagements and emails. The stakeholder feedback was compiled into a 72-page summary that provides information about the concerns expressed by stakeholders and their recommendations to address those concerns.

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Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC)

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Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC) will support states, local communities, tribes and territories as they undertake hazard mitigation projects, reducing the risks they face from disasters and natural hazards. BRIC is a new FEMA pre-disaster hazard mitigation program that replaces the existing Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) program.

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National Park Service's Rivers, Trails and Conservation Assistance program

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National Park Service's Rivers, Trails and Conservation Assistance program

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The National Park Service - Rivers, Trails, and Conservation Assistance program (NPS-RTCA) supports locally-led conservation and outdoor recreation projects across the United States. NPS-RTCA assists communities and public land managers in developing or restoring parks, conservation areas, rivers, and wildlife habitats, as well as creating outdoor recreation opportunities and programs that engage future generations in the outdoors.

NPS-RTCA does not provide financial assistance or monetary grants. As a collaborative partner, we provide professional services to help you achieve your conservation and outdoor recreation project vision. Through an application process, community groups, nonprofit organizations, tribal governments, national parks, and local, state and federal agencies can apply for NPS-RTCA technical assistance.

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Rivers, Trails, and Conservation Assistance Program (U.S. National Park Service)

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The National Park Service - Rivers, Trails, and Conservation Assistance program (NPS-RTCA) supports locally-led conservation and outdoor recreation projects across the United States. NPS-RTCA assists communities and public land managers in developing or restoring parks, conservation areas, rivers, and wildlife habitats, as well as creating outdoor recreation opportunities and programs that engage future generations in the outdoors.

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https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/grants/

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DHR does not have grants available for property owners of historic houses or buildings, or for applicants for historical highway markers.
Federal grant opportunities are available through the National Park Service, which offers various grants from the Historic Preservation Fund. Grants are also available from the National Trust for Historic Preservation.

Grants Managed by DHR

The following three grants pertain to historical graves and cemeteries:

African American Cemetery & Graves Fund (Revised Documents)
Va. Historical African American Cemetery & Graves Fund
At the beginning of each state fiscal year on July 1, DHR announces the availability of funds for the care and maintenance of historical African American cemeteries and graves, defined by Virginia Code ( § 10.1-2211.2) as "a cemetery that was established prior to January 1, 1900, for the interment of African Americans."

The deadline for grant applications for the current state fiscal year (SFY), which runs from July 1, 2020 through June 30, 2021 is May 30, 2021. In order to be eligible for these funds, the eligible cemetery must be currently codified in § 10.1-2211.2.

Please use these updated (July 1, 2020) and revised forms and manual:

Program Manual, and Application and Maintenance Agreement forms.

See a list of organizations and cemeteries that have received the grants.

Please note: Organizations having received funds in the prior state fiscal year (2019-2020) must successfully complete the reporting requirements for that fiscal year as agreed to in the Acknowledgement of Reporting Requirements document before disbursal of SFY 2020-2021 funds. A template to assist in completing the reporting requirement is available here.

If you have questions about the graves grant program, please contact either Stephanie Williams (804 482-6082) or David Edwards (540 868-7030).

Confederate Graves and Cemeteries Fund

State funds for Confederate Graves and Cemeteries ended as of State Fiscal Year 2022, which began July 1, 2021.

Revolutionary War Graves and Cemeteries Fund

of the Code of Virginia ( §10.1-2211.1) authorizes DHR to disburse funds to eligible organizations for the maintenance and care of Revolutionary War patriot graves. Only those Revolutionary War graves and cemeteries listed in the statute are eligible to receive annual appropriations. Adding a cemetery to the list in §10.1-2211.1 of the Code of Virginia requires the assistance of a member of the General Assembly who must introduce a bill adding the organization / cemetery / church to the list during a General Assembly session. Funds must also be appropriated each year in the budget bill. Such funds may only be disbursed to Revolutionary War memorial associations caring for such graves and cemeteries.

For more information, see these Frequently Asked Questions about the Revolutionary War graves fund or contact David Edwards at 540 868-7030.

Certified Local Government Grants (CLG)

CLG designation also allows a jurisdiction to apply for CLG grants through federal Historic Preservation Funds (HPF). Ten percent of all HPF monies that come to the Commonwealth of Virginia must be distributed to CLGs. DHR does this through a competitive grant process, open only to CLGs.

For information on CLG grants, please visit the CLG webpage or contact Aubrey Von Lindern at (540) 868-7029.

Cost Share Grants

DHR's Survey and Planning Cost Share Program assists local governments in meeting their preservation planning goals through identification of historic resources. Annual funding for Cost Share is limited. Localities must compete to participate in the program.

In addition to match funding, Cost Share benefits localities since DHR handles administrative functions for the selected projects. We secure the consultants to do the work, and we pay bills, monitor work, and ensure delivery of the products.

For more information regarding the survey program, see these Frequently Asked Questions or contact Blake McDonald at (804) 482-6086.

ESHPF Disaster Relief Assistance Grants

The ESHPF Grant Program provides assistance to historic properties (including archaeological sites) damaged by hurricanes Florence and/or Michael in September and October 2018 that are listed or are eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. Funding is limited to damaged historic properties in the 52 counties and cities in Virginia identified in FEMA Major Declarations Declarations 4401 and 4411.

Please visit the ESHPF webpage or contact Jim Hare at (804) 482-6445.

Threatened Sites Grant Program

Archaeological sites are some of Virginia's most fragile resources. Threatened Sites grants offer emergency funding for archaeological sites endangered by erosion, impending development, or vandalism. The program has saved archaeological remnants at sites across Virginia, providing important information about our past that would have been lost.

For more information, contact state archaeologist Elizabeth Moore (804) 482-6084.

Virginia Battlefield Preservation Fund

The General Assembly established the Virginia Battlefield Preservation Fund (VBPF) in 2010, and authorized DHR to administer the fund by evaluating and disbursing grant awards to eligible recipients for the protection of battlefield lands associated with Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, and the Civil War.

In accordance with VBPF stipulations, recipients must be nonprofit organizations. Any such organization awarded a battlefield grants must donate an easement to the Virginia Board of Historic Resources on any acreage acquired with the state grants. The easements restrict or forbid development of the acreage, allowing for perpetual protection of the land.

In selecting the awards, DHR considered each battlefield's significance and ranking in Congress's mandated "Report on the Nation's Civil War Battlefields," issued in 1993 and subsequently updated. Additionally, DHR weighed factors in the grant applications such as the proximity of a battlefield parcel to already protected lands; the threat of encroaching development that could transform a parcel's historic look and feel at the time of a battle; and the potential for education, recreation, research, or heritage tourism in connection with a battlefield tract.

DHR is now accepting applications for the 2020 VBPF grants. See the announcement for the 2020 grants; download the VBPF application and 2020 VBPF Program Manual.

Preservation Incentives

The following historic preservation incentives are available through DHR:

Easements. By donating a historic preservation easement on a property, landowners may be eligible for several financial incentives.

Rehabilitation Tax Credits. Interested in rehabilitating a historic building? Property owners who complete a certified rehabilitation of a significant historic building can receive an income tax credit on 25% of their eligible expenses through the Virginia Rehabilitation Tax Credit Program and an additional 20% credit through the Federal Rehabilitation Tax Credit Program.

Other Preservation Funding
Virginia Land Conservation Fund. The Virginia Land Conservation Fund, managed by the Virginia Land Conservation Foundation, offers grants to cultural projects seeking to preserve a variety of resource types including battlefields, viewsheds, and structures. For more information, contact the Department of Conservation and Recreation.

Virginia Main Street Program. Communities can put the traditional assets of downtown, such as unique architecture and locally owned businesses, to work as a catalyst for economic growth and community pride through the Virginia Main Street Program, administered by the Department of Housing and Community Development.

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DHR does not have grants available for property owners of historic houses or buildings, or for applicants for historical highway markers. Federal grant opportunities are available through the National Park Service, which offers various grants from the Historic Preservation Fund. Grants are also available from the National Trust for Historic Preservation.

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Hot-off-the-press!  Resiliency study - Years 1-3

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Hot-off-the-press!  Resiliency study - Years 1-3

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Living Shoreline Sea Level Resiliency_ Performance and Adaptive Management of Existing Sites, Year 3 Summary Report

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Department/Program

Virginia Institute of Marine Science

Abstract

The goal of this project is to monitor effectiveness of nature-based resiliency projects such as those that use living shoreline management strategies. Living shoreline strategies can effectively control shoreline erosion while providing water quality benefits and maintaining natural habitat and coastal processes. These ecosystem-based management systems have been the preferred alternative for stabilizing tidal shorelines in the Commonwealth of Virginia since 2011. However, a recent analysis has shown that between 2011 and 2016 only 24% of the permits granted for shore protection were considered living shorelines (ASMFC, 2016). These types of systems may be relatively new to many landowners and some managers who may not be convinced about the long-term effectiveness of the systems for shore protection, their maintenance, and the main reason they are being constructed. Research has been performed on the effectiveness of created marsh habitats, but studies on the longterm effectiveness of the structures for shore protection in Chesapeake Bay from a design and construction perspective are relatively few.

DOI

https://doi.org/10.25773/nnbj-m745

Keywords

Living Shorelines, sea level rise, coastal resiliency

Recommended Citation

Hardaway, C., Milligan, D. A., & Wilcox, C. A. (2018) Living Shoreline Sea-Level Resiliency: Performance and Adaptive Management of Existing Sites. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary. https://doi.org/10.25773/nnbj-m745

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Living Shoreline Sea-Level Resiliency: Performance and Adaptive Management of Existing Sites

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The goal of this project is to monitor effectiveness of nature-based resiliency projects such as those that use living shoreline management strategies. Living shoreline strategies can effectively control shoreline erosion while providing water quality benefits and maintaining natural habitat and coastal processes.

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Department/Program

Virginia Institute of Marine Science

Abstract

The Coastal Zone Management program, through NOAA grants, has funded several projects that have reviewed design considerations and monitored living shoreline systems for effectiveness at both shore protection and habitat enhancement. These studies presented data regarding the construction and performance of three living shoreline projects that were built between 1999 and 2003 in Maryland (Hardaway et al., 2007 and 2009) and were in part the basis for the "Living Shoreline Design Guidelines for Shore Protection in Virginia's Estuarine Environments" and the contractor training classes (Hardaway et al., 2017). In addition, extensive research has been done on the design and performance of breakwater systems around Chesapeake Bay (Hardaway & Gunn, 1991; 2010; 2011). Breakwater and beach systems are appropriate for medium to high energy shorelines along Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries. ....

The present project seeks to build upon and expand monitoring efforts of sills and headland breakwater systems in Chesapeake Bay to determine effectiveness of shore protection and habitat creation and stability through time using a detailed site assessment and survey of five sites (Figure 1-1) including Aquia Landing, Bavon, Kingsmill, Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS), and Yorktown. In addition, referencing the latest research results of migration and accretion of beaches and marshes in Chesapeake Bay, the project will seek to determine what elements make these successful over the short and longer terms.

DOI

https://doi.org/10.25773/jpxn-r132

Keywords

living shorelines, headland breakwaters, adaptive management, sea-level rise, Virginia, Yorktown Beach, Aquia Landing, Kingsmill, Bavon Beach

Recommended Citation

Hardaway, C., Milligan, D. A., Wilcox, C. A., & Milligan, A. C. (2019) Living Shoreline Sea Level Resiliency: Performance and Adaptive Management of Existing Breakwater Sites, Year 2 Summary Report. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary. https://doi.org/10.25773/jpxn-r132

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Living Shoreline Sea Level Resiliency: Performance and Adaptive Management of Existing Breakwater Sites, Year 2 Summary Report

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The Coastal Zone Management program, through NOAA grants, has funded several projects that have reviewed design considerations and monitored living shoreline systems for effectiveness at both shore protection and habitat enhancement.

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Note: Updates soon to be released! Will include guidance on oysters...

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Department/Program

Virginia Institute of Marine Science

Series

Special Report in Applied Marine Science and Ocean Engineering, SRAMSOE NO. 463

Abstract

The Chesapeake Bay has about 10 million people living along its shores (Chesapeake Bay Foundation, 2017) and about 150,000 new people move into the Bay watershed each year. For communities along the shore, the continual shore retreat may be a problem. When land along the shore shows signs of erosion, property owners tend to address it.

In the past, shore stabilization strategies generally were stone revetments or wood bulkheads. Though these strategies are effective at shore stabilization, they can create a disconnect between the upland and the water and typically provide few natural habitats along the shoreline. In the past 30 years, a more natural approach to shore stabilization, termed "living shorelines," has used marshes, beaches, and dunes effectively to protect the shoreline along Virginia's creeks, rivers, and bays. Numerous benefits result from this approach to shoreline management including creating critical habitat for marine plants and animals, improved water quality, and reduced sedimentation. In addition, most waterfront property owners enjoy a continuous connection to the water that allows for enhanced recreational opportunities. However, a recent analysis has shown that between 2011 and 2016 only 24% of the permits granted for shore protection were considered living shorelines (ASMFC, 2016).

Since 2006, when the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality's Coastal Zone Management Program held a Living Shoreline Summit, the use of this shore management strategy has been actively promoted. Providing educational programs for consultants and contractors who work in this field to ensure that they are familiar and comfortable with living shoreline strategies was one way to achieve this. As a result, funding was provided in 2010 and again in 2016 to develop living shoreline design guidance for shore protection and a contractor's training course. In an effort to grow the number of contractors, local staff, and non-profit organizations who are familiar with correct living shoreline project design, the guidance and course have been updated.

These guidelines are meant to address the need to educate consultants, contractors, and other professionals in the use of living shoreline strategies. It provides the necessary information to determine where they are appropriate and what is involved in their design and construction. The guidelines focus on the use of created marsh fringes but also touch on the use of beaches for shore protection. The guidelines were created for the Virginia portion of the Chesapeake Bay estuarine system (Figure 1-1) but may be applicable to other similar estuarine environments. These references and tools are for guidance only and should not replace professional judgments made at specific sites by qualified individuals.

DOI

https://doi.org/10.21220/V5CF1N

Keywords

Living Shorelines, Virginia, Estuaries

Funding

This project was funded by the Virginia Coastal Zone Management Program at the Department of Environmental Quality through Grant #NA16NOS4190171 of the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, under the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, or any of its subagencies.

Recommended Citation

Hardaway, Jr., C.S., Milligan, D.A., Duhring, K., & Wilcox, C.A. (2017). Living shoreline design guidelines for shore protection in Virginia's estuarine environment (SRAMSOE #463). Gloucester Point, VA: Virginia Institute of Marine Science. https://doi.org/10.21220/V5CF1N

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Living Shoreline Design Guidelines for Shore Protection in Virginia's Estuarine Environments

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The Chesapeake Bay has about 10 million people living along its shores (Chesapeake Bay Foundation, 2017) and about 150,000 new people move into the Bay watershed each year. For communities along the shore, the continual shore retreat may be a problem. When land along the shore shows signs of erosion, property owners tend to address it.

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Alexis Gibson: alexis@ser.org

Bio here: https://www.vims.edu/cbnerr/roundtable/members/habitat-restoration-steering-committee/midpen-restoration-wrkshp/alexis-gibson-bio.pdf

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Website here!  https://www.ser.org/page/Certification

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Jamboard links! - Your innovative restoration ideas!

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Jamboard links! - Your innovative restoration ideas!

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Room 1 - w/ Cirse:  https://jamboard.google.com/d/11Fw8t8ZZ3P7qYMIyYEYdV6c1ULbFsxIhHEI2bN0nhV0/viewer?f=5

Room 2 - w/ Lauren H.:  https://jamboard.google.com/d/1lV2uVcn2AW8PmlRhSXIDbzHhy09puBLPTa1tY7xPoKM/viewer?f=5

Room 3 - w/ Lauren T.:  https://jamboard.google.com/d/13A1_YDcogfm_lAkJ8WQd7a1B4G8NBKWdUdDVWBLm3ao/viewer?f=5

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York River and Small Coastal Basin Roundtable

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York River and Small Coastal Basin Roundtable

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https://www.vims.edu/cbnerr/roundtable/index.php

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YRSCBR Nearshore Habitat Restoration Steering Committee

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YRSCBR Nearshore Habitat Restoration Steering Committee

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https://www.vims.edu/cbnerr/roundtable/members/habitat-restoration-steering-committee/index.php

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Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve in Virginia

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Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve in Virginia

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https://www.vims.edu/cbnerr/index.php

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https://www.vims.edu/cbnerr/index.php

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Funding for this project, managed by the Middle Peninsula Planning District Commission, was provided in part by a grants and loans from the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, Virginia Resource Authority, and the Virginia Coastal Zone Management / National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

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Funding for this project, managed by the Middle Peninsula Planning District Commission, was provided in part by a grants and loans from the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, Virginia Resource Authority, and the Virginia Coastal Zone Management / National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

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VA DCR Shoreline Erosion Advisory Services (SEAS)

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VA DCR Shoreline Erosion Advisory Services (SEAS)

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For over 40 years, the Shoreline Erosion Advisory Service (SEAS) has served as a resource for shoreline landowners and communities. SEAS is a program of the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation.SEAS provides unbiased, science-based technical assistance on environmentally sound shoreline management alternatives to private property owners and public land management agencies who are experiencing erosion on tidal shorelines or non-tidal streambanks and impoundments. SEAS conducts on-site field investigation and analysis of erosion concerns, issues written advisory reports with recommended solutions, reviews engineering designs and construction plans, conducts on-site construction inspections, and provides connections to available financial incentive programs for living shorelines. All SEAS services are NO COST to property owners.

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Shorelines are in constant states of change. The main causes of shoreline erosion are storm waves and rising sea levels. Human activity, such as agriculture and development, can drastically accelerate the natural rate of shoreline erosion. Soil type and composition also can affect shoreline erosion rates. Some Virginia shorelines have historic erosion rates of up to 30 feet per year.

The Shoreline Erosion Advisory Service, or SEAS, was established in 1980 to assist private landowners and localities in Virginia with erosion problems. The work of SEAS staff had previously been focused on tidal areas of Virginia, specifically localities from Fairfax County to the North Carolina line and from the fall line eastward. However, today, SEAS services are available in non-tidal areas of the state.

Assistance is provided free of charge.

SEAS services include:

Technical assistance

Site investigations

Written reports

Plan reviews

Construction inspections

Information

The Chesapeake Bay shorelines and the mouths of the major rivers in Virginia are especially vulnerable to erosion. This is because of fetch. Fetch is the distance of open water over which the wind can blow. The greater the fetch distance the greater the potential wave will be during storms.

If left unmanaged, shoreline erosion can cause a drop in property values, loss of productive land, and in the worst cases, injury or loss of life.

There are also negative impacts to water quality from shoreline erosion. Fine soil particles (silt and clay) can cloud the water column and reduce the amount of sunlight that reaches the bottom. Less sunlight greatly reduces the amount of submerged aquatic vegetation, which provides critical habitat for juvenile fish and crabs.

Along with sediment, eroding shorelines also contribute nutrients to the receiving water body. Nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, naturally occur in soil. Excessive amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus can cause algal blooms and greatly lower the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water. Low oxygen levels can cause fish kills.

Main strategies to prevent shoreline erosion

Soft

Living shorelines consisting of specific plants that can handle the site's wave energy, slope, soil and light conditions.

Hard

Bulkheads made of treated wood and anchored with wood pilings and tieback rods.

Riprap revetments made of rock.

Combination

Groins and breakwaters or sills (both contribute to wider and higher beaches that provide protection).

The problem with quick fixes

For years, waterfront landowners have used various methods to try to prevent shoreline erosion. Quick fixes often will not work without the proper technical expertise and site analysis. Improperly designed solutions can deprive natural beaches of their sand supply or cause the adjacent shoreline to erode at a faster rate. They may even fail. Properly designed and installed options will provide better protection and last longer than quick fixes. They will also minimize negative impacts on adjacent properties.

More information
Shoreline Management in the Chesapeake Bay
For help with eroding shoreline, contact the engineer below.

Mike Vanlandingham
Shoreline Engineer
mike.vanlandingham@dcr.virginia.gov
804-443-1494 - office
804-466-2229 - cell

Aaron Wendt
Shoreline Engineer
aaron.wendt@dcr.virginia.gov
804-443-4534 - office
804-296-1701 - cell

Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation
772 Richmond Beach Road
P.O. Box 1425
Tappahannock, VA 22560
804-443-4534 - fax

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the virginia department of conservation and recreation

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Shorelines are in constant states of change. The main causes of shoreline erosion are storm waves and rising sea levels. Human activity, such as agriculture and development, can drastically accelerate the natural rate of shoreline erosion. Soil type and composition also can affect shoreline erosion rates.

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VIMS CCRM Living Shoreline Suitability Tool

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VIMS CCRM Living Shoreline Suitability Tool

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VIMS-CCRM has a VA shoreline management model interactive tool that identifies suitable locations for living shorelines

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A GIS model that predicts the best management practices for a shoreline and where living shorelines are suitable, using available map data and decision tree logic. Shoreline conditions factored into the Shoreline Management Model include:

Presence or absence of natural buffers - tidal marshes, beaches, riparian forests, submerged aquatic vegetation SAV

Bank height

Nearshore bathymetry

Wave exposure (fetch)

Existing defense structures and proximity of upland development

SMM Version 5.1 (2019) adds:

New recommendations for existing bulkheads & revetments

Fetch model revisions

Presence of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV)

This model has been funded, in part, and at various stages, by the VIMS' Center for Coastal Resources Management, the NOAA RESTORE Science Program, and NOAA's Coastal Zone Management Program in Virginia.

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A GIS model that predicts the best management practices for a shoreline and where living shorelines are suitable, using available map data and decision tree logic.

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Accelerating the Scale and the Rate of Living Shoreline Implementation in Rural Coastal Virginia

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Accelerating the Scale and the Rate of Living Shoreline Implementation in Rural Coastal Virginia

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Project led by Aaron Wendt
at Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Shoreline Erosion Advisory Service

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On the Northern Neck of Virginia, outside of Kilmarnock, Jane Stilmar and her husband Ben were watching the slow erosion of their shoreline. When Hurricane Ernesto hit in 2006, significant flooding convinced them to raise their house. But the erosion kept eating at the coast, year after year.

Eventually, Stilmar realized that the water was getting too close. "We've got to do something," she remembered thinking.

Stilmar ended up installing a living shoreline-natural water breaks like sand, marshes, and oyster reefs that stabilize shores and conserve habitats-to stop the erosion.

The Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR) is hoping to expand similar living shoreline construction in rural coastal Virginia with a new $1 million grant from the National Fish and Wildlife Federation.

Over the three-year grant, DCR will strengthen existing partnerships with organizations that install living shorelines, create a stockpile of ready-to-build designs, and install 1,400 feet of new living shorelines in socially vulnerable areas.

Living shorelines provide a number of important benefits. They can filter out pollutants like nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment. Some Virginia coasts also have estimated erosion rates of 30 feet per year. While hard infrastructure like bulkheads and seawalls can help block water, over time, they can still erode or fall, requiring extensive maintenance, explains Pamela Mason, a senior research scientist at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science.

Because of the benefits, the Virginia legislature passed a bill in 2011 declaring living shorelines as the "preferred alternative for stabilizing tidal shorelines." These solutions are also key to the Chesapeake Bay Phase III Watershed Implementation Plan, which lays out how to reduce pollution in the Bay. The plan sets the goal of having 500,000 feet of new shoreline management by 2025.

So far, the region has reported about 244,000 feet of living shorelines, according to Aaron Wendt, an environmental specialist at DCR. With four years left to meet the goal, every new program counts.

Wendt expects that DCR will build between two and four living shorelines as part of this grant. DCR will be relying on existing partnerships with Watershed Roundtables and Soil and Water Conservation Districts to help choose the sites and use tools like ADAPTVA to assess social vulnerability based on social and economic factors.

To fund her living shoreline, which is a rock sill backfilled with two types of grasses, Stilmar used another source of funding from the Virginia Conservation Assistance Program (VCAP), a cost-share service run by the Soil and Water Conservation Districts. She received $15,000 out of a total cost of $35,000.

"The grant propelled us to take action," Stilmar said. "I don't know if we would've done this otherwise."

The benefits of cleaner water and less erosion from living shorelines should last for years after installing.

"If a living shoreline is done properly," Mason said, "it should last pretty much forever without needing much additional attention or cost."

"With more and more on the ground," she continued, "it's definitely going to make a difference in trying to achieve our water quality goals."
-Emma Johnson

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Virginia Living Shorelines Poised to Flourish Under $1 Million Grant | Chesapeake Bay Magazine

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On the Northern Neck of Virginia, outside of Kilmarnock, Jane Stilmar and her husband Ben were watching the slow erosion of their shoreline. When Hurricane Ernesto hit in 2006, significant flooding convinced them to raise their house. But the erosion kept eating at the coast, year after year.

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DYK your SHPO and THPOs?

State Historic Preservation Officer

https://ncshpo.org/directory/virginia/

Tribal Historic Preservation Officer

What is a THPO? https://www.nathpo.org/what-is-a-thpo/

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Wetlands Watch - Land Mgmt Strategies Dashboard (Beta)

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Wetlands Watch - Land Mgmt Strategies Dashboard (Beta)

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Contact here: alice.yeates@dsl.state.or.us

Bio here: https://www.vims.edu/cbnerr/roundtable/members/habitat-restoration-steering-committee/midpen-restoration-wrkshp/ayeates-bio.pdf

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For an overview and download of NOAA's MAPTITE tool.

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Software Disclaimer

CO-OPS, NGS and NCCOS claim creation of this tool and expressly publish it to the public domain. This tool is free for the taking and cannot be appropriated by a single entity. It may be freely used and redistributed. MAPTITE is provided "as is," without warranty to its performance, merchantable state, or fitness for any particular purpose. The entire risk associated with the results and performance of these data is assumed by the user. This tool should be used strictly as a planning reference tool and not for other purposes. No technical support is provided.

System requirements for MAPTITE:
ArcGIS 10.2
ArcGIS Spatial Analyst extension
Alternative MAPTITE download link

To provide feedback or for more information, please contact:

Email: COASTAL Program (co-ops.userservices@noaa.gov)

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CO-OPS provides the national infrastructure, science, and technical expertise to monitor, assess, and distribute tide, current, water level, and other coastal oceanographic products and services that support NOAA's mission of environmental stewardship and environmental assessment and prediction. CO-OPS provides operationally sound observations and monitoring capabilities coupled with operational Nowcast Forecast modeling.

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Jamboard links! - Your thoughts on local ecological knowledge

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Jamboard links! - Your thoughts on local ecological knowledge

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Room 1 - w/ Cirse:  https://jamboard.google.com/d/11Fw8t8ZZ3P7qYMIyYEYdV6c1ULbFsxIhHEI2bN0nhV0/edit?usp=sharing

Room 2 - w/ Lauren H.:  https://jamboard.google.com/d/1lV2uVcn2AW8PmlRhSXIDbzHhy09puBLPTa1tY7xPoKM/edit?usp=sharing

Room 3 - w/ Lauren T:  https://jamboard.google.com/d/13A1_YDcogfm_lAkJ8WQd7a1B4G8NBKWdUdDVWBLm3ao/edit?usp=sharing

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A Restoration Conversation with the Nansemond Indian Nation and the Upper Mattaponi Indian Tribe

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A Restoration Conversation with the Nansemond Indian Nation and the Upper Mattaponi Indian Tribe

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Excellent roundtable conversation for more from our tribal partners.

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Our community within the Chesapeake Bay watershed includes tens of thousands of people who identify as American Indian. We all have a common goal of restoring and protecting the Chesapeake Bay and its watershed. How can we better listen to, engage with, and support the restoration work that American Indian communities are doing?

On June 23rd from 12-1pm, we had the opportunity to listen to speakers from the Nansemond Indian Nation and the Upper Mattaponi Indian Tribe. They spoke about their experiences with restoration projects and partnerships.

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A Restoration Conversation with the Nansemond Indian Nation and the Upper Mattaponi Indian Tribe Our community within the Chesapeake Bay watershed includes tens of thousands of people who identify as American Indian. We all have a common goal of restoring and protecting the Chesapeake Bay and its watershed. How

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We can't explore the history of indigenous people in the Chesapeake region without first talking about the present. Across the watershed, there are tens of thousands of people who identify as American Indian, and in all six states that the Chesapeake Bay watershed encompasses, there are a number of state and federally recognized tribes as well as other organized groups with a shared heritage. These communities are as meaningful today as they were more than 10,000 years ago.

Indigenous Peoples Today

Tens of thousands of people who identify as American Indian live in the Chesapeake region today. Some belong to state or federally-recognized tribes, others belong to groups with a shared heritage and many others celebrate their ancestry through their immediate family. While the terms "American Indian" or "Indigenous People" are preferred by many, it's best to refer to people by their specific tribal name whenever possible.

The Commonwealth of Virginia has formally recognized 11 tribes. Among them, the Pamunkey tribe was the first Virginia tribe to be recognized by the federal government.

1. Chickahominy Indian Tribe

2. Chickahominy Indians Eastern Division

3. Mattaponi Indian Tribe

4. Monacan Indian Nation

5. Nansemond Indian Nation

6. Pamunkey Indian Tribe

7. Rappahannock Indian Tribe

8. Upper Mattaponi Indian Tribe

9. Cheroenhaka Nottoway Indian Tribe

10. Nottoway Indian Tribe of Virginia

11. Patawomeck Indian Tribe of Virginia

The State of Maryland has formally recognized three tribes (the Piscataway Indian Nation, Piscataway Conoy Tribe and the Accohannock Indian Tribe) and the Maryland Commission on Indian Affairs serves the following indigenous tribes in the state.

1. Accohannock Indian Tribe

2. Assateague Peoples Tribe

3. Nause-Waiwash Band of Indians

4. Piscataway Conoy Confederacy and Sub-Tribes

5. Cedarville Band of Piscataway Indians

6. Piscataway Indian Nation

7. Pocomoke Indian Nation

8. Youghiogheny River Band of Shawnee Indian

In Delaware, the state has formally recognized two Native American tribes: Lenape Indian Tribe of Delaware, and Nanticoke Indian Association. There are no federally recognized Indian tribes in Pennsylvania, although the most recent census reports an American Indian population of more than 12,000.

Chesapeake tribes' deep history

Paleo-Indians

Paleo-Indians were the first inhabitants of the Chesapeake Bay region. They came more than 10,000 years ago from other parts of North America, drawn in by the abundance of wildlife and waterways. By 1,000 B.C. Maryland had more than 8,000 Native Americans in about 40 different tribes.

When Paleo-Indians lived, the region's climate was much colder than it is now. They spent their days roaming the area's coniferous forests, foraging for plants, hunting small mammals and fishing. While the Paleo-Indians have often been portrayed hunting big game such as mammoths, mastodons and saber-toothed tigers, today it appears likely that this wasn't their primary source of food.

One of the ways in which Archeologists recognize Paleo-Indian presence is by a stone tool called the Clovis point. Though the artifact has been found in the carcass of large game, experts predict that Paleo-Indians generally used the tool to hunt small game. Where these artifacts are found, it's determined that the Paleo-Indians lived.

Archaic Indians

The Archaic Indians lived from 9,000 to 3,000 years ago during a period known as the Archaic period. The Ice Age had ended and the climate was warming, which forced Archaic Indians to adapt. They learned to use warmer-climate plants and harvest new foods brought in from rising waters and a shallower Bay, such as clams, oysters, fish, and other invertebrates.

With melting ice, narrow river canyons widened and became a better means of transportation, which the Archaic Indians utilized through small boats. Archaic Indians traded with each other for soapstone, which they made into pipes, beads and cooking utensils. Although the Archaic Indians lived away from the Chesapeake Bay shores, they made seasonal visits to gather food.

Woodland Indians

Beginning about 3,000 years ago, the Woodland peoples emerged as the dominant indigenous group in North America. In the Chesapeake region, these indigenous peoples had access to the thriving natural environment of the Chesapeake Bay watershed.

Here, they had access to massive oyster beds, herring, shad and striped bass spawning runs in the spring, an abundance of wild game, and freshwater marshes chock full of edible plants such as arrow arum, cattails and yellow pond lily.

Eventually, the Woodland peoples began producing ceramic pottery used for cooking, transportation and food and water storage, domesticating animals and cultivating crops, and utilizing the bow and arrow to hunt big game.

Woodland Indians were more sedentary than previous American Indians. They built small villages as farming progressively became more important, though they still established small hunting camps to take advantage of the Bay's bounty.

Recorded American Indian history

Recorded American Indian history in the Chesapeake region began around 1600, when newly arrived European settlers started keeping records. Captain John Smith, who explored the Bay in 1607-09, found primarily Algonquian-speaking American Indians living by its shores. One of most reliable resources on where indigenous people lived in the Chesapeake Bay region is the John Smith 1612 map of the Chesapeake Bay.

Additional records show that many distinct tribes with their own leader lived around the Chesapeake Bay. In the Chesapeake region, larger tribes may have included the Powhatan, the Piscataway and the Nanticoke. The term "Powhatan Indians" is used by some to describe the tribes who were thought to have paid tribute to Powhatan, the most influential leader in present day eastern Virginia. Although as many as 30 separate Algonquian-speaking tribes were in Eastern Virginia when the English arrived, it is unknown exactly how many paid tribute to Powhatan.

Prior to Captain John Smith's arrival, 16th century artist John White depicted the life of Algonguian-speaking Indians living in present day North Carolina. White's paintings depict various aspects of indigenous people's society, from the way they fished and cooked to their towns and religious ceremonies. While these paintings are the only surviving visual record of American Indians in the mid-Atlantic before the arrival of European settlers, the accuracy of their depictions are questioned. Experts believe that the goal of the renderings were to encourage Europeans to invest in North American colonies, which could have influenced White to focus on aspects such as resource abundance.

Despite the deep history, strength and culture of indigenous peoples in the Chesapeake region, their population fell dramatically after European settlers arrived. Many were killed or died of disease, while others migrated away from the region. Wars, displacement and epidemics devastated indigenous communities. Oral tradition was a critical part of preserving cultural knowledge, meaning the stories of some tribes are known only through the artifacts and archaeological sites they left behind.

Archaeological sites

Scientists estimate there are at least 100,000 archaeological sites in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Just a small percentage of these are documented.

In 2002, archeologists confirmed the location of Werowocomoco, the capital of the Powhatan Indians. It was the scene of earliest interaction between the leader Powhatan and leaders of the English colonists from Jamestown including Captain John Smith. The site is positioned on an elevated piece of land on the York River which would have been advantageous for the group. The site is now permanently protected by the National Park Service and tribal governments are engaged in the planning stages to open the site to the public. In the meantime, you can take a virtual tour.

Most archaeological sites are susceptible to destructive natural and man-made factors, such as development, farming practices and sea level rise. Fortunately, preserving historic artifacts goes hand-in-hand with efforts to clean up the Bay. For example, stabilizing shorelines and using agricultural conservation practices such as conservation tillage help reduce erosion and protect areas where archaeological sites are most likely to exist.

As we preserve these lands, we must also preserve the history and heritage of indigenous people. This means continuous examination of artifacts and historical records, as well as support for contemporary American Indian communities.

Indigenous Peoples in the 20th century

Throughout the 20th century, indigenous people in the Chesapeake region continued to fight for their rights and preserve their heritage.

In 1924, the Indian Citizenship Act granted citizenship to all American Indians born in the United States, though initial efforts by the U.S. government sought to aggressively assimilate American Indians rather than recognize their heritage. The Bureau of Indian Affairs, founded in 1824, continued to hamper the relationship between the government and American Indian tribes through unfair treaties and intentional cultural assimilation.

These efforts were largely unsuccessful, and in 1934, the U.S. government passed the Indian Reorganization Act which aimed to reverse the goals of assimilation and to support American Indian tribes and celebrate their heritage. Still, a contentious relationship persisted between indigenous people and the U.S. Government. During the Native American Civil Rights Movement in the 1950's and up until present day, indigenous people in the Chesapeake region and across the country have protested, lobbied and fought court cases for federal recognition, associations and school systems, land rights and more.

Today, even as government and public organizations seek to preserve the history of indigenous peoples and support future generations, challenges persist. In the Chesapeake Bay watershed, it is crucial that we honor the history of indigenous peoples and celebrate their culture as we do all members of the region.
Our understanding of the history of indigenous people and classification of modern tribes in the Chesapeake region is always evolving. If you have any suggested changes or additions to this page, please leave a message for our communications team.

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Indigenous Peoples of the Chesapeake | Chesapeake Bay Program

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We can't explore the history of indigenous people in the Chesapeake region without first talking about the present. Across the watershed, there are tens of thousands of people who identify as American Indian, and in all six states that the Chesapeake Bay watershed encompasses, there are a number of state and federally recognized tribes as well as other organized groups with a shared heritage.

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Collaboratory for Indigenous Data Governance

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Collaboratory for Indigenous Data Governance

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Supporting Indigenous data stewards: Indigenous governance and ethics in scientific research

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Collaboratory for Indigenous Data Governance

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Our study includes a global analysis identifying core principles within Indigenous ethics guidelines, codes, and protocols which we are using to assess policy and practices for U.S. federally-funded science research involving Indigenous knowledge systems, lands, and Peoples. Our aim is to develop a national standard for ethics in Indigenous research and to support current and future generations of Indigenous data stewards.

Image title: Ifheektavaan "Truth Bearer" | Artwork credited to Lyn Risling (Karuk) and in acknowledgment of the California Indian Legal Services.

Our Research

Key Questions

First, what key values and principles reflect effective and ethically responsible Indigenous research practice?

Second, to what extent are they represented in codes of ethics and guidelines for federally-funded research impacting Indigenous lands and communities?

Third, what are the barriers and support mechanisms for applying Indigenous Peoples' and communities' ethical principles to science research and data practices?

Significance

Potential to guide new standard in ethically responsible research

Data to guide development of training and resource material for researchers to support the next generation of Indigenous data stewards

Indigenous Ethics Guiding Documents

In the U.S. we lack a national standard of ethics when it comes to research with Indigenous knowledge systems, lands, and peoples.

We compiled a list of 32 Indigenous ethics documents developed by Indigenous Nations, communities, and working groups from around the world and are using these to guide analysis of federal research and tribal engagement standards.

Our focus is on potential applications for environmental science and public health research.

How to get involved

If you are working on federally-funded environmental or related public health research that engages Indigenous communities, knowledge systems, and/or territories and are interested in contributing to our study we would welcome the opportunity to invite you to do so through our upcoming practitioner survey.

Please provide your contact information with a note regarding your area of interest or support, or if you are interested in being added to a distribution list for when we share our findings.
Hahóm (with thanks) for your consideration and support with this study. From left to right
Dr. Dominique David-Chavez, Principal Investigator (@Indiginerd)

Colorado State University and Native Nations Institute

Dr. Stephanie Russo Carroll, Co-Principal Investigator (@scbegonias)

Native Nations Institute
Serena Natonabah, Graduate Research Collaborator
Colorado State University
Brianne Lauro, Undergraduate Research Collaborator
Colorado State University

Andrew Martinez, Collaborator & Graphic Designer

Native Nations Institute

Our Advisory Research Council

This work is guided by an international advisory research council to ensure quality, relevance, and rigor throughout our research process.
From left to right Bill Thomas
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

University of Auckland and UNESCO

Haskell Indian Nations University
Ibrahim Garba
Native Nations Institute
Kyle Whyte
University of Michigan

University of British Columbia
Maria Fernández-Giménez
Colorado State University

Indigenous Ethics Guiding Documents List

AAG Indigenous Peoples Specialty Group, 2010, Declaration of key questions about research ethics with Indigenous communities

Akwesasne Task Force on the Environment, 1996, Protocol for environmental & scientific research proposals

Alaska Native Knowledge Network (ANKN), 2000, Guidelines for respecting cultural knowledge

Alaska Native Knowledge Network (ANKN), 2000, Guidelines for respecting cultural knowledge
American Indian Law Center, 1999, Model Tribal Research Code
ANKN & UA Fairbanks 2006, Alaska Federation of Natives Guidelines for Research
Assembly of First Nations, 2009, Ethics in First Nations research
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS), 2020, Code of Ethics for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Research

CARE Principles for Indigenous Data Governance, 2019

Coeur d'Alene Tribe & University of Idaho, 2015, Protocol and best practice for the research on and public distribution of information from projects involving Indigenous Peoples

CTKW, 2014, Climate and Traditional Knowledges Workgroup (CTKW) Guidelines for considering traditional knowledges in climate change initiatives

Desert Knowledge Cooperative Research Centre, 2009, Protocol for Aboriginal knowledge and intellectual property

Ermine, 2004, Ethics of research involving Indigenous peoples

Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism, 2000, Indigenous Research Protection Act

International Society of Ethnobiology, 2006, ISE Code of Ethics (with 2008 additions)

Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, 2018, National Inuit Strategy on Research

Kahnawake, 2007, Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project Code of Research Ethics
Karuk Tribe & UC Berkeley, 2020, Practicing Pikyav: Policy for Collaborative Projects and Research Initiatives with the Karuk Tribe
Khoisan Council, 2019, Rooibos biocultural community protocol

Kulana Noi'i Working Group, 2018, guiding framework for decision-making in natural resource management and research

Mataatua, 1993, Declaration on cultural and intellectual property rights of Indigenous peoples

Metis Centre, 2011, Principles of Ethical Metis Research

National Congress of American Indians (NCAI), 2010, Research that benefits Native people: A guide for tribal leaders

Ontario Federation of Indigenous Friendship Centres (OFIFC), 2016, Utility, Self-voicing, Access, and Inter-relationality (USAI) research framework

Quechua, 2011, Community Biocultural Protocol

RHS, 2007, First Nations Regional Longitudinal Health Survey (RHS) Code of Research Ethics

Sahota, 2007, Research regulation in American Indian/Alaska Native communities: Policy and practice considerations

South African San Institute, 2017, Code of research ethics

Straits et al, 2012, Guiding principles for engaging in research with Native American communities

Te Ara Tika, 2010, Maori research principles

Te Mana Raraunga, 2018, Principles of Māori Data Sovereignty
United nations declaration on the rights of Indigenous peoples, 2007
This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation SBE Postdoctoral Research Fellowship under Grant No. 1911673. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

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Supporting Indigenous data stewards: Indigenous governance and ethics in scientific research

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Our study includes a global analysis identifying core principles within Indigenous ethics guidelines, codes, and protocols which we are using to assess policy and practices for U.S. federally-funded science research involving Indigenous knowledge systems, lands, and Peoples. Our aim is to develop a national standard for ethics in Indigenous research and to support current and...

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Integration of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) in Environmental Science, Policy and Decision-Making

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Integration of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) in Environmental Science, Policy and Decision-Making

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Collaborative research to inform adaptive comanagement: a framework forthe Heʻeia National Estuarine Research Reserve

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Collaborative research to inform adaptive comanagement: a framework forthe Heʻeia National Estuarine Research Reserve

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Collaborative research to inform adaptive comanagement_ a framework for the Heʻeia National Estuarine Research Reserve

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Coeur d’Alene Tribe Protocol: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1hwj5cesoO8zwMwuB8XeNj1Ed-Q5-wfR4/view

Kūlana Noi‘i Protocol
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1txK5xJ85Ve920WRJkfWdXIYgq0GYFJex/view

Karuk Tribe Protocol
https://drive.google.com/file/d/130yHfk7vQmxtWxGDt-YhWVjR7bH_vJBp/view

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How do you fund your restoration efforts?

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James River Watershed's Living Shorelines Collaborative - Events

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James River Watershed's Living Shorelines Collaborative - Events

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JAMES RIVER WATERSHED LIVING SHORELINES PROGRAM

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​The Living Shoreline Collaborative (LSC) is a group of regional and state partners working together to scale up implementation of resilient practices along shorelines in the tidal James River watershed. Read on for more information about the LSC.

workshops, Trainings, MEETINGS, & events

Registration is open for Fall 2021 Living Shoreline Collaborative events! Please RSVP through the links provided below.

Resources

materials from past events

online resources

The Living Shoreline Academy, created by Restore America's Estuaries and North Carolina Coastal Federation, is an online training course that will provide consultants, contractors and other professionals in the field of shore erosion control with basic information on the design and construction of living shorelines.

The Center for Coastal Resources Management, part of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, provides comprehensive information on living shorelines on their website. There are several self-guided decision tools specific to various shoreline conditions.
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The Chesapeake Bay Landscape Professional Program (CBLP) is a voluntary credential system for professionals who design, install, and maintain sustainable landscapes. The credential training and examination are based on a core set of standards in sustainable landscaping emphasizing stormwater retrofit best practices and conservation landscaping with native plants to benefit the environment. The CBLP curriculum covers a variety of best practices, including living shorelines.

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​The Living Shoreline Collaborative (LSC) is a group of regional and state partners working together to scale up implementation of resilient practices along shorelines in the tidal James River watershed. Read on for more information about the LSC. Registration is open for Fall 2021 Living Shoreline Collaborative events!

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INSR grants, Small Watershed Grants

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Working in partnership with government agencies and private corporations, the Chesapeake Bay Stewardship Fund awards $8 million to $18 million per year through two competitive grant programs - the Innovative Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Grant Program and the Small Watershed Grants Program. These programs benefit the communities, farms, habitats and wildlife of the Chesapeake Bay region. The Chesapeake Bay Stewardship Fund also makes targeted investments that support networking and information-sharing among restoration partners on emerging technologies, successful restoration approaches, and new partnership opportunities.

From 1999 to 2020, the Chesapeake Bay Stewardship Fund awarded more than 1,200 grants totaling nearly $176 million. These investments leveraged more than $260 million in local matching resources to support a wide range of conservation projects throughout the Bay basin. In total, these grants have:

Reduced annual nitrogen pollution loading by an estimated 26 million pounds

Reduced annual phosphorus loading by an estimated 4.5 million pounds

Reduced annual sediment loading by an estimated 946 million pounds

Restored more than 3,006 miles of streams

Treated stormwater runoff from 10,386 acres of impervious surfaces

Reached an estimated 2.75 million residents through outreach efforts

Restored more than 15,626 acres of wetlands and 2,273 miles of forested riparian buffers

Installed more than 2,074 miles of livestock exclusion stream fencing

Reconnected more than 424 miles of rivers and streams for fish passage

Established 337 acres of oyster reefs

The Chesapeake Bay Stewardship Fund is a partnership with the federal-state Chesapeake Bay Program.

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Working in partnership with government agencies and private corporations, the Chesapeake Bay Stewardship Fund awards $8 million to $18 million per year through two competitive grant programs - the Innovative Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Grant Program and the Small Watershed Grants Program. These programs benefit the communities, farms, habitats and wildlife of the Chesapeake Bay region.

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The cumulative cost of 16 separate weather events in the United States in 2017 was $306.2 billion, breaking the previous cost record of $214.8 billion in 2005, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The year 2018 was not far behind, experiencing the fourth highest total costs. In many coastal areas, in addition to the impacts of major weather events such as hurricanes, communities are experiencing high tide flooding 10 to 20 days or more each year, resulting in public safety and health risks, such as road closures, overwhelmed storm drains, and compromised infrastructure and water quality.
A Regional Focus
The National Coastal Resilience Fund is a national program with a regional focus, and targets specific circumstances, needs and priorities. The National Coastal Resilience Fund aims to:

Benefit coastal communities by reducing the impact of coastal flooding and associated threats to property and key assets, such as hospitals and emergency routes

Benefit fish and wildlife by enhancing the ecological integrity and functionality of coastal and inland ecosystems

A Scientific Approach
The National Coastal Resilience Fund uses the Regional Coastal Resilience Assessments ​ to identify public and private lands ideal for restoration and analyzes projects for their potential to provide maximum benefit for both people and wildlife. The resulting outcome-based approach ultimately minimizes the impacts of natural disasters.

The assessments were developed in partnership with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, UNC Asheville's National Environmental Modeling Analysis Center and NatureServe, and in consultation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

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The National Coastal Resilience Fund restores, increases and strengthens natural infrastructure to protect coastal communities while also enhancing habitats for fish and wildlife. Established in 2018, the National Coastal Resilience Fund invests in conservation projects that restore or expand natural features such as coastal marshes and wetlands, dune and beach systems, oyster and coral reefs, forests, coastal rivers and floodplains, and barrier islands that minimize the impacts of storms and other naturally occurring events on nearby communities.

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**Please note that some Virginia cities are not covered by an SWCD and are not eligible for VCAP.**

We Can Help You...

The Virginia Conservation Assistance Program (VCAP) is an urban cost-share program that provides financial incentives and technical and educational assistance to property owners installing eligible Best Management Practices (BMPs) in Virginia's participating Soil and Water Conservation Districts (SWCDs).

These practices can be installed in areas of your yard where problems like erosion, poor drainage, or poor vegetation occur. Qualified sites shall be used for residential, commercial, or recreational purposes with a proposed practice that addresses a need.

We Help You Make a Difference...

Why do Virginia's waters need improving? Nonpoint source pollution is the leading cause of water quality problems. Rainfall or snowmelt from suburban lawns, golf courses, and paved surfaces picks up and carries away natural and human-made pollutants depositing them into lakes, rivers, wetlands, coastal waters and ground waters.

Roads, parking lots, sidewalks, homes, and offices replace natural landscapes. Rainfall that once soaked into vegetated ground now becomes stormwater runoff, which flows directly into local waterways.

As more natural landscapes are converted to impermeable surfaces or managed turf, stormwater moves across them, carrying pollutants such as sediment and nutrients to vulnerable streams and rivers. Stormdrains you see on the street do not provide any sort of water filtration.

Virginia's Watershed Implementation Plan (WIP) for the Chesapeake Bay identifies that urban/suburban runoff is contributing to impairment and efforts to retro-actively address stormwater runoff from existing impervious surfaces is a priority. VCAP is an opportunity to help you do your part to improve water quality.

Eligible Practices...

Most practices are eligible for 75% cost-share and some practices provide a flat incentive payment up to the installation cost.

All participating Soil & Water Conservation Districts (SWCDs) in Virginia are eligible for VCAP assistance.

Virginia Conservation Assistance Program (VCAP) Resources

Completed VCAP Projects

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Please note that some Virginia cities are not covered by an SWCD and are not eligible for VCAP.** The Virginia Conservation Assistance Program (VCAP) is an urban cost-share program that provides financial incentives and technical and educational assistance to property owners installing eligible Best Management Practices (BMPs) in Virginia's participating Soil and Water Conservation Districts (SWCDs).

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Living Shorelines Tech Transfer Workshop

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Living Shorelines Tech Transfer Workshop

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Oct. 18 and 20 - in NJ

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Tech Transfer Workshop*
Covid-19 Vaccination required to attend 2021 Living Shorelines Tech Transfer Workshop in person

Restore America's Estuaries and our partner organizations have made the decision based on the best available information to require all in person attendees of the 2021 Living Shorelines Tech Transfer Workshop in Cape May, NJ to be at least 14-days removed from their final Covid-19 vaccine dose. All guests attending the in-person workshop will need to provide confirmation of Covid-19 vaccination as part of registration. Guests that have already registered will be able to upload digital copies of their vaccine confirmation retroactively. To make this event more accessible, we are offering a virtual option for attendees who do not feel comfortable traveling or are unable to receive your Covid-19 vaccine for personal, religious, health, or other reasons. Please read below for more details on this option.

The 2021 Living Shorelines Tech Transfer Workshop is the premier nationwide gathering of the living shorelines community of practice.

Hosted by Restore America's Estuaries, American Littoral Society, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, and the Chesapeake Bay and New Jersey field offices of the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, we are excited to invite you to beautiful Cape May, New Jersey, this upcoming October.

We are bringing together experts from across the country for a two-day experience combining interactive field sessions with ground-breaking discussions.
UPDATE: This event will be offered in a hybrid format. Your registration entitles you to attend the event in person, or to access a video stream of the Workshop, including digital posters and special content during the field trip. We will request by October 1 if you intend to join us in Cape May, to ensure proper planning for catering and the field trips.
Topics will include adoption of living shorelines, regulation, engaging your community, new techniques, and more. VIEW THE CURRENT AGENDA!
All tickets include:
This workshop is geared towards anyone working in the marketing, design, construction, management, and permitting of living shorelines and nature-based shoreline stabilization.
Click here to read more FAQ's EARLY BIRD & ONLINE REGISTRATION DEADLINES

Access to all events: plenary, panels and small group discussions

Field event to a local Living Shorelines project

Ability to submit a poster

Access to the exhibitor hall

Lunch on both days

Reception on Day One, including heavy hors d'oeuvres and one drink ticket

FIELD SESSIONS

Early Bird Admission: $195 Price valid through 5 pm ET September 17, 2021

Regular Admission: $245 Online registration closes 8pm ET October 12, 2021

The field sessions are a centerpiece of the workshop. We will take about half a day to explore a local living shorelines project to learn from the project team how the project was designed, implemented, and maintained. More information on specific sites will be available in August.

Field sessions are part of the overall event and are open only to those who register and pay the registration fee. Participation in field sessions is optional but included in the registration cost. Partial or one-day registrations are not permitted.
REFUNDS & TRANSFERS
Field sessions will most likely be outdoors and exposed to the elements, and will occur rain or shine. Walking or standing on unpaved ground may be required. Please plan accordingly.

Registration refunds will be honored - less a $30 administrative fee - if requested IN WRITING before October 1, 2021. All requests must be sent to Nicole Lekus, Operations Manager for Restore America's Estuaries, at nlekus@estuaries.org prior to the October 1, 2021 deadline.
COVID-19
Registrations may be transferred before October 1st. All new registrants will need to provide vaccine confirmation before attending the in-person event. Please contact Ticketbud Support at cs@ticketbud.com for assistance.
For more information, read our full Covid-19 guidance here. INCLUSIVITY
Attendees are required to be at least 14 days removed from their final Covid-19 Vaccination to attend 2021 Living Shorelines Tech Transfer Workshop in person. Unvaccinated individuals are invited to join us as virtual attendees to ensure your safety and the safety of others.
SCHOLARSHIPS
Please contact Nicole Lekus by September 3, 2021, to request reasonable accommodations. While we cannot guarantee any specific arrangements, we strive to make our event as open, inclusive, and accessible as possible.
SPONSORSHIPS
While the application period for individual scholarships has closed, RAE is pleased to offer Classroom Edition scholarships to professors teaching nature-based solutions as part of their course curricula. Recipients will be able to incorporate the virtual component of the Workshop into their lesson plans however they deem fit. All students within the class would be registered for the full two-day online event. Please contact Nicole Lekus for an application. Submissions are due by September 17, 2021.
POSTERS
Interested in sponsoring? Contact Lance Speidell, Senior Director of Development at Restore America's Estuaries.
LODGING
Submit a poster to showcase your project, latest research, or design. Posters will be displayed throughout the event, and we ask that you be at your poster during the reception on Tuesday, October 19 from 5:30-7:30pm. Email your abstract with authors' name(s) and affiliation(s) to TTWPosters@estuaries.org. Abstracts will be accepted through September 17.

Please ensure you have made any necessary lodging reservations at the Grand Hotel prior to September 19, 2021, to receive the group rate of $134/night, plus applicable taxes and fees. The online booking code is 552918; alternatively, please call the hotel directly at 800-257-8550 and mention the "Restore America's Estuaries" room block.
﻿TRANSPORTATION
Federal government employees are eligible for the government room rate at time of booking - please call the hotel directly and mention "Restore America's Estuaries" to reserve a room, and be prepared to show government ID at time of check-in.
LIABILITY WAIVER
RAE has established a carpooling hub for attendees to connect regarding shared travel to or from the Workshop. This feature is free for attendees to use and no sign-up is required. We hope this tool can assist participants with reducing their carbon footprint while also lessening travel coordination challenges.

By registering for the 2021 Living Shorelines Tech Transfer Workshop, you agree to all Terms and Conditions - including a waiver of liability - that are detailed during the registration process.

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2021 Living Shorelines Tech Transfer Workshop | Buy Tickets in Cape May | Ticketbud

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Tech Transfer Workshop* Covid-19 Vaccination required to attend 2021 Living Shorelines Tech Transfer Workshop in person Restore America's Estuaries and our partner organizations have made the decision based on the best available information to require all in person attendees of the 2021 Living Shorelines Tech Transfer Workshop in Cape May, NJ to be at least 14-days removed from their final Covid-19 vaccine dose.

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Did you know that NAVD 88 will be replaced in the next couple years with a new system that will enable 2cm heights with GPS?

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Did you know that NAVD 88 will be replaced in the next couple years with a new system that will enable 2cm heights with GPS?

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USACE NNBF Guidelines and a summary document

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USACE NNBF Guidelines and a summary document

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International Guidelines on Natural and Nature-Based Features for Flood Risk Management

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The International Guidelines on NNBF for Flood Risk Management provide practitioners with the best available information concerning the conceptualization, planning, design, engineering, construction, and maintenance of NNBF to support resilience and flood risk reduction for coastlines, bays, and estuaries, as well as river and freshwater systems. The virtual launch event was held Thursday, 16 September to collectively celebrate the monumental accomplishment and availability of the International Guidelines on NNBF for Flood Risk Management.

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This certification program promotes sustainable landscape practices in Chesapeake Bay region, including shorelines and riparian buffers. Apply anytime, upcoming training events will be announced in October.

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Chesapeake Bay Landscape Professional (CBLP) Program is a system of materials and consistent instruction across the region, creating a community of certified professionals to be better stormwater partners and environmental stewards.

Since the program began in 2016, CBLP has certified 791 Level 1 professionals, and 110 Level 2 advanced design and installation professionals. To find a certified professional, explore our searchable directory.

We currently offer classes in DC, MD, PA, and VA. The certification will eventually be available across the Bay Watershed.

Level 1 is taught each year in a winter session and a summer session. Level 2 is typically held twice each year. Both programs have been adapted to hybrid online + field trainings while COVID restrictions are in place.

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Chesapeake Bay Landscape Professional Certification Program (CBLP)

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Chesapeake Bay Landscape Professional (CBLP) Program is a system of materials and consistent instruction across the region, creating a community of certified professionals to be better stormwater partners and environmental stewards. Since the program began in 2016, CBLP has certified 791 Level 1 professionals, and 110 Level 2 advanced design and installation professionals.

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Google Earth Tools for Site Data Collection

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Google Earth Tools for Site Data Collection

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Google Earth tools that show the tide range and the conversion from NAVD88 to MLW for the Bay. It uses the VDATUM grids to create the information baywide. Webpage for Living Shoreline Design  is still under some revision.

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The difference between mean high water (MHW) and mean low water (MLW) was calculated using NOAA's VDATUM grids. Updated 2021

The difference between mean higher high water (MHHW) and mean lower low water (MLLW) was calculated using NOAA's VDATUM grids. Updated 2021

The elevation difference between vertical control NAVD88 and tidal datum of mean low water (MLW) was calculated using NOAA's VDATUM grids. Updated 2021

Bathymetry showing -3.3 feet (1 meter) and -6.6 feet (2 meter) contours from EPA Chesapeake Bay Office to support SAV Program goals.

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Google Earth Tools for Site Data Collection

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The difference between mean high water (MHW) and mean low water (MLW) was calculated using NOAA's VDATUM grids. Updated 2021 The difference between mean higher high water (MHHW) and mean lower low water (MLLW) was calculated using NOAA's VDATUM grids.

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Mandy Bromilow:
mandy.bromilow@noaa.gov

Bio here: https://www.vims.edu/cbnerr/roundtable/members/habitat-restoration-steering-committee/midpen-restoration-wrkshp/mandy-bromilow-bio.pdf

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Laura Kerr: lkerr@stevens.edu

Bio here: http://www.stevenscoastal.com/laura-kerr.html

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Jon Miller: jmiller@stevens.edu

Bio here: http://www.stevenscoastal.com/jon-miller.html

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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Living Shoreline Project Monitoring

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Shoreline Restoration Monitoring and Assessment Framework for the York River, Piankatank River, and Mobjack Bay

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HUDSON RIVER
SUSTAINABLE
SHORELINES
RAPID
ASSESSMENT
PROTOCOL
MANUAL

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Resources for effective restoration in the Middle Peninsula

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In an effort to help practitioners identify prime restoration areas in the Middle Peninsula and the funding sources with which to pursue related efforts, in addition to supporting strategic site selection, design and monitoring, the York River and Small Coastal Basin Roundtable's Nearshore Habitat Steering Committee has consolidated relevant resources and tools for informed decision making.

Below, you'll find these references, tools and contacts grouped by habitat, as well as topic.

Overall

ADAPTVA An information gateway on climate change adaptation for individuals, local programs, and agencies.

Center for Conservation Biology Mapping Portal An interactive map of bird locations

Centralized Data Management Office A comprehensive platform with CBNERR-VA data on estuarine water quality monitoring, biodiversity monitoring, and land-use and habitat change analysis.
Coastal GEMS A gateway to Virginia's coastal resource data and maps; coastal laws and policies; facts on coastal resource values; and direct links to collaborating agencies responsible for current data.

Conserve Virginia Includes more than 6 million acres of lands representing top priority conservation values in the following categories: agriculture and forestry; natural habitat and ecosystem diversity; floodplains and flooding resilience; cultural and historic preservation; scenic preservation; protected landscapes resilience; water quality improvement

Digital Coast A suite of tools and data for informed decision-making.

SCHISM The Semi-implicit Cross-scale Hydroscience Integrated System Model is an open-source community-supported modeling system, designed for seamless simulation of 3D baroclinic circulation across creek-lake-river-estuary-shelf-ocean scales.

Tidal Marsh Model An advanced modeling framework that integrates the physical, biogeochemical, and human components needed to simulate and assess the evolution and persistence of tidal marshes under different sea-level rise scenarios.

Tidewatch Tidewatch Charts© provide an effective way to visualize and predict the magnitude and impacts of coastal flooding at specific locations within the Chesapeake Bay and along Virginia's seaside Eastern Shore.

VECOS The Virginia Estuarine and Coastal Observing System is a platform designed to distribute the results of water quality and meteorological data monitoring efforts from the Chesapeake Bay and associated tributaries within Virginia.

Virginia Flood Risk Information System (VFRIS) allows users to quickly locate and see if property is within the Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA).

Oyster Reefs

Chesapeake Bay Daily:

Coordinator for the NOAA Subtidal Oyster Reef Geodatabase for Lower York and Piankatank rivers:
David G. Bruce, NOAA Chesapeake Bay Office, 443-258-6062, david.bruce@noaa.gov

SAVs

VIMS SAV Monitoring and Restoration Program:

Shorelines

Chesapeake Bay Shoreline Evolution Reports - documentation of shoreline evolution by county

Historic T-Sheets These shoreline surveys provide the authoritative definition of the U.S. high-water line and may also include details such as roads, prominent buildings, and other features along the coast.

Marsh Analysis and Planning Tool Incorporating Tides and Elevations (MAPTITE) Aids in the selection of vegetation types for different restoration elevations based on a combination of a digital elevation model (DEM) derived from GPS observations, local tidal datums, and grass species tolerances.

Shoreline Decision Support Tool An interactive guidance system that provides the user with a recommended shoreline erosion control strategy. The recommendation is based on the user's answers to a series of questions that help to characterize the shoreline condition.

Shoreline Evolution GIS Map An interactive data portal for viewing, planning and management.

Shoreline Inventories Digital Shoreline Inventories are available for coastal Virginia, Maryland, portions of Delaware, and the Chowan River Basin in North Carolina. Tidal Marsh Inventories are sometimes included with Shoreline Inventories. These wetland inventories map the locations and identify plant communities observed in tidal marshes.

Shoreline Management Handbook A go-to resource for shoreline management in Virginia

Shoreline Management Model A GIS model that predicts the best management practices for a shoreline and where living shorelines are suitable, using available map data and decision tree logic.

Wetland Condition Assessment Tool (WetCAT) A spatially-specific, interactive, online tool that provides a water quality and habitat condition assessment for each individually mapped nontidal wetland in Virginia (approximately 196,000 polygons and over 1.2 million acres), though it also includes some tidal marsh and shoreline condition information.

Design: see below

Technical Assistance:

Funding

Building Coastal Resilience in Virginia. Data Needs Assessment and Funding Resources Review

Chesapeake Bay Stewardship Fund. Dedicated to protecting the bay by helping local communities clean up and restore their polluted rivers and streams.

Community Flood Preparedness Fund. Established to provide support for regions and localities across Virginia to reduce the impacts of flooding.

Fight the Flood. Connecting property owners facing rising flood waters with funding mechanisms to contract with specialized businesses who can help evaluate, design, and build solutions to Fight the Flood.

Threatened Sites Grant Program. Grants offering emergency funding for archaeological sites endangered by erosion, impending development, or vandalism.

Virginia Conservation Assistance Program. An urban cost-share program that provides financial incentives and technical and educational assistance to property owners installing eligible Best Management Practices (BMPs) in Virginia's participating Soil and Water Conservation Districts (SWCDs).

Site Selection and Design

Google Earth Tools for Site Data Collection - Including those for Mean Tide Range, Spring Tide Range, and NAVD88 and MLW.kml

International Guidelines on Natural and Nature-Based Features for Flood Risk Management - Providing practitioners with the best available information concerning the conceptualization, planning, design, engineering, construction, and maintenance of NNBF to support resilience and flood risk reduction for coastlines, bays, and estuaries, as well as river and freshwater systems.

Living Shoreline Sea Level Resiliency: Performance and Adaptive Management of Existing Sites Year 3 Summary Report July 2021

Living Shoreline Sea-Level Resiliency: Performance and Adaptive Management of Existing Sites (Year 1)

Living Shoreline Sea Level Resiliency: Performance and Adaptive Management of Existing Breakwater Sites, Year 2 Summary Report

Living Shoreline Design Guidelines for Shore Protection in Virginia's Estuarine Environments

Restoration Project Review and Selection Criteria Example criteria and considerations for site selection.

Plans and Projects in Place

Monitoring and Assessment

Case studies/Examples of successful restoration and Best Practices

Environmental Justice/Social/Cultural Considerations

Databases

Regarding Indigenous Local Knowledge / Traditional Ecological Knowledge

Contacts

Regulations

Professional Development

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In an effort to help practitioners identify prime restoration areas in the Middle Peninsula and the funding sources with which to pursue related efforts, in addition to supporting strategic site selection, design and monitoring, the York River and Small Coastal Basin Roundtable's Nearshore Habitat Steering Committee has consolidated relevant resources and tools for informed decision making.

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Take Action to Restore Our Coastlines

How to Use this Toolkit Watch 90-Second Video

Are you concerned about an issue affecting your local coast or shoreline?
Would you like to act but don't know how?
Get started with the Coastal Restoration Toolkit.

More Ways To Help

Local Needs Local Actions

Once you have started with our tools, we recommend you connect with your state, regional, or local government agencies, organizations, and other similar resources. Our coastlines are dramatically different from one part of the country to another. Different habitats and species, different laws and regulations, and different politics and culture all may require different approaches.

See Project Examples

Why restore a coastal habitat?

Our coastlines provide value in many ways.

Wetlands and other fish and wildlife habitats have declined dramatically.

The U.S. lost an average of 80,000 acres of coastal wetlands each year from 2004 to 2009. Loss of habitat has reduced populations of fish and shellfish worth billions of dollars. Habitat restoration will help fish and wildlife recover.

Polluted Runoff

Development brings more roads, roofs, and parking lots. When it rains, runoff polluted with sediment, bacteria, pathogens, chemicals, and nutrients flows into our waters. Restoring clean water is important for fishing, swimming, boating, and drinking.

Degraded coastlines cannot provide the same value as healthy ones. Restoring our coastlines returns value to the community.

Invasive Plants & Animals or Non-Native Species

Invasive Species cost the U.S. billions of dollars in damages every year. On the coastline, they may harm native fisheries, tourism, outdoor recreation, threatened or endangered species, and ecosystem health. Removing invasive species and restoring native species brings myriad benefits.

Shoreline Hardening

As people add bulkheads and seawalls, this reduces critical habitat for fish and other aquatic life, making it harder for them to survive. Restoring shorelines will provide shelter, food, and rearing areas for these species.

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Take Action to Restore Our Coastlines How to Use this Toolkit Watch 90-Second Video Are you concerned about an issue affecting your local coast or shoreline? Would you like to act but don't know how? Get started with the Coastal Restoration Toolkit.

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Download Google Earth .kmz file and use time slider to see coastal mapping surveys going back to 1800's

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NOAA Historical Surveys (T-Sheets)

Purpose and Potential Applications: This data set was featured as base maps to construct nautical charts primarily used for navigation. Current applications include shoreline change analysis and cartographic representation.

Originator(s): National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Geodetic Survey

Abstract: Shoreline surveys-also called coastal surveys, t-sheets or TP sheets, and shoreline manuscripts-refer to topographic sheets compiled from maps derived in the field with a plane table, in the office from aerial photos, or using a combination of the two methods. These shoreline surveys provide the authoritative definition of the U.S. high-water line and may also include details such as roads, prominent buildings, and other features along the coast.

Scale(s): Variable; 1:10,000 to 1:60,000

Coverage: Continental U.S., Alaska, Hawaiian Islands, Puerto Rico, and U.S. Virgin Islands.

Source Data: Topographic sheets

Spatial Reference: Geographic coordinate system (decimal degrees); horizontal datum - North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83).

Tidal Datum: Mean high water and mean low low water

Data Format: JPG

Accuracy: These data are advertised to meet or exceed current National Map Accuracy Standards when plotted as a hard-copy product to the appropriate source chart scale. However, in compiling this derived product, the developers made no attempt to ascertain the congruence between the charted data and the real world.

Process Description: Generation of this shoreline product was accomplished in five stages: data capture, chart cover construction, segment assembly, verification, and final formatting and archiving. Stage 1, data capture, involves the initial conversion of the analog source data, National Ocean Service coastal series navigational charts, into a digital vector image. During stage 2, the raw vector image is converted into an ArcInfo GIS coverage. In addition, during this phase of the work, the data are corrected (gross error removal), topologies are constructed, descriptive information is added, and an intermediate archive is created. The third stage is segment assembly. Here, the chart cover data are partitioned into regionally contiguous groupings (referred to as sections), adjacent boundaries are matched, and the individual charts are joined together to produce continuous shoreline segments. Following assembly, stage 4, data verification, is initiated. Portions of the sectional data are chosen at random to be plotted coincident with chart master sheets (mylars) and compared. Discrepancies are noted, corrective action, if required, is taken, and the data re-verified. The fifth and final stage is formatting and final archive.

Access: The NOAA Historical Shoreline Survey Viewer provides access to a large number of historical shoreline surveys conducted by NOAA and its predecessor organizations. About 7,800 surveys-the earliest dating back to 1841-are available for viewing in Google Earth. In addition to overlaying a scanned image of the survey in Google Earth, the viewer provides links to download: the original scan and metadata, the resulting extracted vector shoreline, and a descriptive report compiled by the survey team.

The following guidance is for users of the shoreline survey Google Earth tool:

A time slider is available in the upper-left corner. To see a specific time period, slide the handles to define the range of surveys shown in the viewer.

Click on the outline of a survey to view survey information and to access the preview overlay and source downloads.

Click on the Preview link to view the preview version of the scan overlaid within Google Earth.

The Original Scan and World File go together. The World File provides location information for GIS applications, while the Original Scan provides the scan in its original format and original resolution (examples: scan, world file).

Survey Scan Metadata provides background information on how the scan was completed (example: metadata).

The purpose of the surveys was to create an accurate shoreline. Thus, the Shoreline Extractand Extract Metadata provide downloads of the vectors extracted from the scans, along with associated metadata (example: vectors, metadata).

The Descriptive Report provides detailed information from the surveyors (example: T-4371).

The transparency of the overlaid scan can be changed by selecting the scan in the Places panel and adjusting the opacity slider. This allows the most current Google Earth imagery to be visible with the shoreline survey.

Footprints of the georeferenced scans in the Google Earth file are also available in a GIS shapefile: http://nosimagery.noaa.gov/images/shoreline_surveys/NOAA_Historical_Shoreline_Survey_Footprints.zip. This shapefile contains full URLs to the georeferenced images, world files, descriptive reports, and metadata.

The complete archive t-sheet and TP-sheet Shoreline Survey Scan Archive, which contains 16,200 scans, is available through the non-georeferenced NOAA Shoreline Survey Scans link listed below. The archive lists the original source scans and includes index map catalogs. Of the 16,200 scans, 7,800 were georeferenced and made available through the Google Earth tool. There are no plans to georeference the remaining 8,400 scans. Non-georeferenced NOAA Shoreline Survey Scans

Point of Contact:
NOAA National Geodetic Survey Information Center
Ngs.infocenter@noaa.gov
(301) 713-3242

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Purpose and Potential Applications: This data set was featured as base maps to construct nautical charts primarily used for navigation. Current applications include shoreline change analysis and cartographic representation.

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@ Alice Y - From your perspective as a non-indigenous researcher at your site, what is important to keep in mind when considering and incorporating indigenous science with "conventional" science?

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@ Alice Y - From your perspective as a non-indigenous researcher at your site, what is important to keep in mind when considering and incorporating indigenous science with "conventional" science?

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ADAPTVA
Additional VA specific case studies can be found here under 'Shorelines'

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Learn how human and natural systems adjust to a new or changing environment. Adaptation can be measures that moderate negative effects, cope with the consequences of change, or those that take advantage of opportunities. Flood adaptation categories:

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How can we overcome the perceived shortfalls associated with community science (aka citizen science)?

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How can we all create a shift to more adaptive and inclusive monitoring programs?

How can funders allow for more adaptive and inclusive monitoring programs?

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Will the CRMP provide resources for finding funding for restoration projects?

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Will the CRMP provide resources for finding funding for restoration projects?

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Jamboard links!  Monitoring possibilities in the MidPen

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Jamboard links!  Monitoring possibilities in the MidPen

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Room 1 - w/ Cirse:  https://jamboard.google.com/d/11Fw8t8ZZ3P7qYMIyYEYdV6c1ULbFsxIhHEI2bN0nhV0/viewer?f=9

Room 2 - w/Paula:  https://jamboard.google.com/d/1lV2uVcn2AW8PmlRhSXIDbzHhy09puBLPTa1tY7xPoKM/viewer?f=9

Room 3 - w/Lauren T:  https://jamboard.google.com/d/13A1_YDcogfm_lAkJ8WQd7a1B4G8NBKWdUdDVWBLm3ao/viewer?f=9

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Living Shoreline Oyster Reef Suitability

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Living Shoreline Oyster Reef Suitability

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Living shorelines are the preferred approach to shoreline stabilization, but there are several ways to design a living shoreline. One option is building your own oyster reef.
Looking into building a living shoreline on your property? The options and process can prove frustrating and sometimes hard to navigate. See our web page, Six Steps to Create Your Living Shoreline. We break the process down into six steps that allow homeowners to make an informed decision on the best management practice for erosion prevention on their property.
To see if oysters would be a viable option at your location, see our Living Shoreline Oyster Reef Suitability Map for Virginia below.
This map is for educational purposes only and if you choose to incorporate oysters into your living shoreline, we recommend speaking to a professional beforehand. There are several oyster professionals and oyster restoration techniques available.

Parameters for determining if site is suitable for a viable oyster reef:

Bottom Type: The ideal location is a hard or sandy bottom.

Salinity: The water salinity needs to be above 8 parts per thousand (ppt).

Tide: Oysters cannot survive out of the water for more than 24 hours. It is important to place oyster reefs in inner-tidal areas that are below mean low tide.

Fetch: Fetch is the distance wind travels over a body of water. This parameter is important due to wave energy generated by wind. For oyster reefs, a low to medium fetch is ideal to reduce wave energy.

Instructions on how to use the map should pop up below. They also can be found in the "About" section of the map.

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Are Oysters an Option for Your Living Shoreline?

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Living shorelines are the preferred approach to shoreline stabilization, but there are several ways to design a living shoreline. One option is building your own oyster reef. Looking into building a living shoreline on your property? The options and process can prove frustrating and sometimes hard to navigate.

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Resiliency through Restoration - monitoring protocol

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Resiliency through Restoration - monitoring protocol

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Courtesy Becky Swerida

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Map to go with Becky's monitoring protocol (above)

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Map to go with Becky's monitoring protocol (above)

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See "Resiliency through Restoration - monitoring protocol" post

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Resiliency through Restoration - monitoring framework

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Resiliency through Restoration - monitoring framework

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Courtesy Becky Swerida

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National Adaptation Forum's Tribal & Indigenous Climate Adaptation Series

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National Adaptation Forum's Tribal & Indigenous Climate Adaptation Series

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Register for the upcoming virtual National Adaptation Forum Tribal & Indigenous Climate Adaptation Series

EcoAdapt is excited to present the virtual National Adaptation Forum Tribal & Indigenous Climate Adaptation Series.

This is a four-part series focused on advancing discussions about climate adaptation in Tribal and Indigenous communities, highlighting promising adaptation practices, and showcasing the diversity of approaches to climate adaptation. The series will interest not only Tribal and Indigenous professionals, but also their neighbors, allies, and other adaptation professionals interested in innovative approaches.

This series will touch on themes including Tribal climate and health, community-led adaptation, and Indigenous sustainability practices. The sessions will include panels, individual speakers, and a documentary film. Mark your calendars for October 27, November 10, November 17, and December 1 from 11 am to 12:30 pm PT / 2 pm - 3:30 pm ET.

This series would have not been possible without the support of our Tribal & Indigenous Climate Adaptation Steering Committee.

Scroll down for more information on each session!

Session One - Wednesday, October 27, 2021 (11 am - 12:30 pm PT)

This session will share promising approaches, lessons learned, tools, and resources developed by Pala's federally funded Tribal Climate Health Project (TCHP). In the last five years, this program has worked to strength U.S. Tribal capacity to assess and prepare for the health and other impacts of climate change through trainings, peer knowledge exchange, tools, nation-wide partnerships, data development, research, and direct assistance. This session will highlight the latest information on the health impacts of climate-induced wildfire, drought, heat, storms, and flooding on Tribes. It will detail how Pala has used its own adaptation experiences to inform the TCHP and how the TCHP continually informs Pala's adaptation efforts.

Presenters (see presenter bios here):

Shasta Gaughen, Environmental Director and Tribal Historic Preservation Officer, Pala Band of Mission Indians

Angie Hacker, CEO and Principal Consultant, Prosper Sustainability; Contractor for the Pala Band of Mission Indians' Tribal Climate Health Project

Syndi Smallwood, Guest Panelist, Jamul Indian Village

Session Moderator: Cynthia Naha, New Mexico Tribal Liaison & Science Communications Specialist, South Central Climate Adaptation Science Center

Session Two - Wednesday, November 10, 2021 (11 am - 12:30 pm PT)

This roundtable will offer a conversation among colleagues working together to build collective power for community-led adaptation that is centered in the self-determination of Tribal communities. It will offer concrete practices and considerations for community-led processes to build partnerships, preserve culture, mobilize for advocacy and action, and advance solutions for community-led adaptation.

The panelists will discuss the importance of centering Indigenous Knowledges and wisdom in climate adaptation, a collaborative, community-led effort to protect and preserve cultural heritage and restore wetlands in coastal Louisiana, and a community-led process to develop federal policy recommendations on climate-forced displacement, among other topics.

Participants will come away from the session with concrete examples and guidance for how to support community-led adaptation through research, funding, and advocacy.

Presenters:

Session Moderator: Stefan Tangen, Tribal Resilience Liaison, Great Plains Tribal Water Alliance

Session Three - Wednesday, November 17, 2021 (11 am - 12:30 pm PT)

This session will include three individual presentations from speakers Raymond Martinez, Joshua Rosenau, and Shasta Gaughen. These presentations will explore topics including community engagement, the integration of Indigenous and Pueblo cultures into adaptation planning, and transportation resilience and how it relates to access to health and emergency services. Speakers will touch on challenges and lessons learned throughout the planning and adaptation process.

Presenters (see presenter bios here):

Raymond Martinez, DECP Director, Department of Environmental & Cultural Preservation (DECP), Pueblo de San Ildefonso

Joshua Rosenau, Secretary, Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes - Climate Change Adaptation Council

Shasta Gaughen, Environmental Director and Tribal Historic Preservation Officer, Pala Band of Mission Indians

Session Moderator: Nikki Cooley, Co-Manager of the Tribal Climate Change Program, Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals (ITEP)

Session Four - Wednesday, December 1, 2021 (11 am - 12:30 pm PT)

Inhabitants: An Indigenous Perspective is a 76 min feature documentary that follows five Native American communities as they restore their traditional land management practices in the face of a changing climate. Through conversations with Tribal project leaders and supporting foundations, the filmmakers developed a plan for creating a film to help document five Tribal land management projects. The five stories include sustaining traditions of Hopi dryland farming in Arizona; restoring buffalo to the Blackfeet reservation in Montana; maintaining sustainable forestry on the Menominee reservation in Wisconsin; reviving native food forests in Hawai'i; and returning prescribed fire to the landscape by the Karuk Tribe of California. Although these five tribal stories are not connected geographically, they share a common vision of restoring their cultural traditions to ensure a more resilient future in the face of a changing climate. This film was made collaboratively with a Tribal Advisory Board, which includes representatives from each of the Tribes highlighted in the film and the Kalliopeia Foundation. These partnerships allowed the filmmakers to ensure that the film is accurate, culturally appropriate, and meets the needs of the communities represented.

During this session, panelists will engage in a discussion about the documentary's creation and the stories told in the documentary. Clips of the documentary will be shown throughout the session and attendees will have the opportunity to view the entire film with a private screening link on their own time.

Presenters (see presenter bios here):

Anna Palmer, Filmmaker, Kalliopeia Foundation

Costa Boutsikaris, Filmmaker, Kalliopeia Foundation

Kalani Souza, Educator & Film Subject, Oholana Foundation

Jeff Grignon, Forester & Film Subject, Menominee Tribal Enterprises

Session Moderator: Cynthia Naha, New Mexico Tribal Liaison & Science Communications Specialist, South Central Climate Adaptation Science Center

Tribal & Indigenous Climate Adaptation Steering Committee:

Committee Chair: Cynthia Naha, New Mexico Tribal Liaison & Science Communications Specialist, South Central Climate Adaptation Center
Committee Members listed in alphabetical order by first name:

Althea Walker, Tribal Climate Science Liaison, American Indian Higher Education Consortium

Alyssa Samoy, Natural Resource Specialist, Bureau of Indian Affairs Tribal Climate Resilience Program

Arielle Quintana, Cochiti Pueblo, Colorado State University

Atherton Phleger, Law Student, University of New Mexico

Carey Schafer, Project Coordinator, EcoAdapt

Carolyn Gillette, Senior Program Manager, Eastern Research Group

Chas Jones, Tribal Climate Resilience Liaison, Affiliated Tribes of Northwest Indians

Corwin Carroll, Natural Resource Specialist, Bureau of Indian Affairs Tribal Resilience Program

Eric Mielbrecht, Director of Operations, EcoAdapt

Karen Cozzetto, Co-Manager of the Tribal Climate Change Program, Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals

Lauren Rust, Program Coordinator, Utton Center - University of New Mexico

Margaret Chavez, Senior Environmental Specialist, Eight Northern Indian Pueblos Council, Inc.

Mike Chang, Senior Associate, Cascadia Consulting Group

Mona Arora, Assistant Research Professor, University of Arizona

Nikki Cooley, Co-Manager of the Tribal Climate Change Program, Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals

Rachael Novak, Coordinator, Bureau of Indian Affairs Tribal Resilience Program

Robert Newman, Professor of Biology, University of North Dakota

Sara Smith, Midwest Tribal Resilience Liaison, College of Menominee Nation

Sarah Diefendorf, Director, EFCWest

Sharon Hausam, Climate Adaptation Planner & Research Scientist, South Central Climate Adaptation Science Center

Stefan Tangen, Tribal Resilience Liaison, Great Plains Tribal Water Alliance

Thelma Antonio, Project Manager, High Water Mark

Sponsors:

The Tribal & Indigenous Climate Adaptation Series would have not been possible without the generous support of the Walton Family Foundation.

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EcoAdapt is excited to present the virtual National Adaptation Forum Tribal & Indigenous Climate Adaptation Series. This is a four-part series focused on advancing discussions about climate adaptation in Tribal and Indigenous communities, highlighting promising adaptation practices, and showcasing the diversity of approaches to climate adaptation.

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This project, Task # 73 was funded by the Virginia Coastal Zone Management Program led by the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality through Grant #NA20NOS4190207 of the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, under the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended.