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The innateness of language is a theoretical issue that affects linguistics, developmental psychology and genetics, which has been widely debated since the second half of the 20th century. The debate revolves around whether there is some linguistic "knowledge" due to a baby's exposure to the language of its caregivers or parents. Sometimes we do not talk so much about knowledge, but about the existence of genetically programmed prestructures and conditioning that lead children to acquire a human language.

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María José Martínez Ortega

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Epistemología del lenguaje

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Habla

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Idiolect, the way of speaking characteristic of each person (when the expression is in writing, it is called style). It manifests itself in a particular choice of lexicon, grammar and also in peculiar words, phrases and turns of phrase, as well as in variations of intonation and pronunciation.

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Language development according to Piaget

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Language development according to Piaget

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For Piaget, language is progressively constructed from individual intelligence like any cognitive acquisition, and its constitution only allows interindividual exchange and the beginning of the child's social life

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Language Development According to Piaget

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Language is a system of linguistic signs that has meaning and that can be decoded between people who use the same system. There is a wide diversity of languages according to each culture around the world, which are transmitted through language, which is the intrinsic capacity of the human being to express himself verbally (orally or written) or non-verbally (gestural, iconic or illustrative).

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According to cognitive theory in its current approaches, the codes and structures of language are learned, stored in memory and retrieved in a very similar way to other types of knowledge that humans possess.

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Language evolution is the field of linguistics that deals with how the current language emerged and evolved in the evolutionary line of human beings. Almost all the words we use today come from different forms that our ancestors already used and that, arising from numerous causes.

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Linguistic relativity is a set of hypotheses, including the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, on the supposed psychological and cognitive effect of mother tongue on cultural variation.

"The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis "1 states that the language we speak affects or influences to some degree and in different aspects our non-linguistic thinking or cognition.

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Epistemology is a branch of philosophy that studies problems related to the validity and attainment of knowledge.

In a general sense, the word epistemology is used to name research that has to do with epistemology or theory of knowledge. Even epistemology is often confused with methodology, which deals with technique and not with the conditions necessary to obtain knowledge.

In a narrower sense, the function of epistemology

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Vocabulary and specific terms of language used by members of a profession or other social group to covertly understand each other, making it difficult for those who do not belong to the group to understand. Synonym: gibberish.

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A speech act is a type of action that involves the use of a natural language and is subject to a certain number of general conventional rules or pragmatic principles of relevance that go beyond mere grammar to encompass also and fundamentally the communicative aspects of the message.

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Language is a communication system that humans use to express and transmit ideas, emotions, information, and thoughts. It is based on the use of words, gestures, symbols, and grammatical rules to facilitate mutual understanding among individuals.

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The functions of language are understood as the different purposes with which human beings use language, that is, the communicative purposes with which they use this cognitive and abstract tool.

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According to this view, children learn words by associating sounds with objects, actions, and events. They also learn words and syntax by imitating others. Adults enable children to learn words and syntax by reinforcing correct speech.

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Articulated language: Articulation constitutes the last stage of language development and is considered the ability to emit sounds, merge them and produce syllables, words, phrases and sentences that express ideas.

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The epistemology of language is a branch of philosophy that focuses on the study of how language influences knowledge and understanding of the world. Examines how linguistic structures, words and expressions affect the way we perceive, interpret and acquire knowledge. This approach seeks to understand the relationship between language and the construction of knowledge in various disciplines.

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Speech is the verbal means of communication. Speech consists of sounds (phonemes) specific to each language. There are components of speech that enhance the meaning of messages. The flow or ease of speech in a person.

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Way of speaking typical of people who belong to the same sociocultural group.

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Language variation related to the speaker's place of origin or residence. Through intonation, vocabulary and pronunciation it is possible to know which geographical region the speaker belongs to.

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Various elements can intervene in communication, but the main ones are: sender, receiver, message, code and channel. Issuer: is the person who transmits the message. For example: the teacher when explaining content in class. Receiver: is the person who receives the message.

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Andreina Baquero López

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Ana Karina Macea Ramírez.

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María José Herrera

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María Lucía Payares.

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Antonymy is a semantic relationship established between two or more words that have opposite meanings or that are incompatible within the same context. For example: day/night, dead/alive, scratched/smooth.

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Ineth Marquez

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Holonyms - María Fernanda Payares

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Lizbeth Martínez

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All words that have an initial meaning, which is expanded or reduced or transformed according to use

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Word whose meaning relationship is equal to another or others with respect to one, called a holonym, whose meaning encompasses them. Example: The words "tiger", "lynx", "lion" and "cheetah" are meronyms of each other for the holonym "feline". María Lucía Payares

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Relationship of similarity between different things.

"The drama of the work lies in the analogy between the theatrical and the real"

Linguistic procedure through which new words or expressions are created, or others that already exist are transformed, in order to accommodate them to a certain model, especially morphological.

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It is the quality of two words, of different origin and meaning due to historical evolution, that have the same pronunciation or the same spelling

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Paronymy are those words whose sound and writing are similar.

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Hyponyms are words whose meaning is specific and limited. It is a specific way of referring to a concept. Hyponyms can be included in a hypernym, that is, words that encompass a broader concept. For example: dog, cat, toad, America, Country.

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Wue words have only one meaning.

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Synonymy is a semantic relationship of identity or similarity of meaning between certain expressions or words of the same grammatical category (called synonyms).[1] Therefore, synonyms are expressions or words that have a similar or identical meaning to each other. , and belong to the same grammatical category.[2] For example, synonyms for disaster are calamity, devastation, ruin, catastrophe and cataclysm. The standard test of synonymy is substitution; one word can be substituted for another in a sentence without changing its meaning. The words are considered synonymous only in a specific sense: 'long' and 'extended' in the context of a long or extended time are synonyms, but 'long' cannot be used in the extended family.

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Is a word or phrase used to avoid saying an unpleasant or offensive word

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Polysemy is the plurality of meanings of a linguistic expression, defined by the Dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy (RAE). That is, polysemous words are those that have more than one meaning.

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Hyperonymy is the semantic relationship that links a certain lexical unit with others of more specific meaning by which it can be replaced. For example, the meaning of sausage is more general than that of chorizo, salchichón, longaniza, sobrasada, butifarra, blood sausage, etc. These more specific terms are called hyponyms.

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Álvaro Morales Osorio

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Dayanna Sulbaran Vergara

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Helen Sofía Moreu Manjarrés

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THE FRAYER MODEL

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Yiseth Acosta.

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Dariana Herrera C

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Direct and indirect object of the sentence.

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Direct and indirect object of the sentence.

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Adriana Morelo.

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Leidys Patricia Medina Toro

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Pronouns are words or morphemes whose referent is not fixed, but is determined in relation to others that have normally already been named. Pragmatically, they often refer to real extralinguistic people or things rather than nouns in the context.

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Nouns (or names) are variable words (they have gender and number and can have derived morphemes) that name people (Anastasia Eugenio, María José), animals (parrot, cat, lion), things (chair, phone, shirt) and ideas (hope, faith, charity, freedom).

The main function of the noun is that of the nucleus of the subject.

The ball fell on the ground. BALL (noun) is the core subject of this sentence.

The plane landed safely. AIRPLANE (noun) is the core subject of the sentence.

It also serves as the nucleus of a noun phrase or a prepositional phrase, although it is not a subject. Examples:

My uncle's friend bought a parrot.

noun noun noun

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Simple words are those that are made up of a single entity and we also know them as primitive words. They are the ones we usually use every day when we speak or write. They are very easy to identify because they are made up of a single word and contain a single root.

For example: Ball, blue, we found, yesterday, etc.

Compound words

Compound words are those that are formed by the union of 2 simple words, such as (salta-montes). In this example we can see how the words jump + mount have been joined, to give rise to a new, totally different meaning, in this case an animal. When two simple words are joined to form a compound word, the primitive words may undergo some changes. These words contain two roots.

For example: dishwasher, frogman, redhead, etc.

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The subject is the part of the sentence that is talked about in the predicate. The subject function can be performed by a noun phrase (The telephone is broken), a pronominal phrase (She is the director) or by a subordinate clause with that (I like you to call me).

The predicate is the part of the sentence that says something about the subject: it attributes actions, states, processes and properties to it. The predicate has one element, the verb, which plays the role of nucleus (the most important part of the predicate).

For example, in the sentence Rosa arrived early at work, we have a subject (Rosa) and a predicate that talks about the subject (she arrived early at work). The core of the predicate is the verb: arrived.

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Word or group of words that constitute a syntactic unit and that fulfill a specific function with respect to other words in the sentence.

ADJETIVAL SYNTAGMA

Phrase that has an adjective as its nucleus or main element.

NOUN PHRASE

Phrase that has a name or noun as its nucleus or main element.

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Direct and indirect object of the sentence. 

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Direct and indirect object of the sentence. 

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Adriana Morelo.

A direct object is the person or thing that directly receives the action or effect of the verb. It answers the question "what" or "whom." An indirect object answers the question "for what," "of what," "to what," "for whom," "of whom," or "to whom" and accompanies a direct object.

In the sentence "You forgave me my mistake" the thing being forgiven is the mistake, so "my mistake" is the direct object. The mistake is being forgiven for me so "me" is the indirect object.

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Direct and Indirect Object of the Sentence

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Hellen Moreu Manjarrés

An adverb is a word that can modify or describe a verb, adjective, another adverb, or entire sentence. Adverbs can be used to show manner (how something happens), degree (to what extent), place (where), and time (when).

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Dayanna Sulbaran Vergara

Conjunctions are an invariable part of the sentence, generally, they do not carry an accent and are defined as words or a set of words that are used to join two or more elements of a sentence or two or more sentences, which can be coordinating (when have the same category) or subordinating (when elements from different categories are presented).

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The adjective is a kind of word that qualifies the noun in the sentence, provides additional information or complements its meaning. The adjective is placed before or after the noun, agreeing in gender and number.

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Dariana Herrera

They are invariable words that are used to establish a dependency relationship between two or more words; the one that follows the preposition works as a complement; The type of relationship established varies depending on the preposition.

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The Circumstantial Complement is a concept that is used to be able to make syntactic analyses of sentences. This type of complement can be carried out by noun, adverbial or prepositional phrases within the context of a sentence and it is quite common to find it in the Spanish language.

As its name suggests, this type of complements that we find in the Predicate of the sentences, serves to point out some specific circumstance that occurs in relation to the action that the verb expresses. That is, it can give us information about the time, the place, the way, the quantity, the cause, etc.

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Is a grammatical element that is combined with a word, stem, or phrase to produce derived or inflected forms. There are three main types of affixes: prefixes, infixes, and suffixes.

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1. Lexeme: It is the part of a word that carries the central or basic meaning. For example, in the word "run," the lexeme is "run," which is related to the action of running.

2. Morpheme: It is the smallest unit of meaning in a word. It can be a lexeme (as in the case of "run" in "run") or a grammatical morpheme that provides information about the structure of the word, such as suffixes, prefixes, or inflections. For example, in "running," the morpheme "-ing" is a suffix that indicates the present continuous tense.

In summary, lexemes are the central and meaningful part of a word, while morphemes include both lexemes and the grammatical parts that modify or complement their meaning in a word.

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In fact, words formed by the monemes "prefix + lexeme + suffix" are parasynthetic, provided that, by dispensing with any of them, the resulting words are not acceptable. Examples: -Land (a-terri-zar). There is no 'terri' or 'terrizar'.

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A simple sentence is a structure that contains a subject and a verb, expressing a complete idea. On the other hand, a compound sentence is made up of two or more simple sentences combined by conjunctions, such as "and", "but", "or", among others.

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A FRAYER MODEL is a graphic organizer that helps students determine or clarify the meaning of vocabulary words encountered while listening, reading, and viewing texts. It is used before reading to activate background knowledge, during reading to monitor vocabulary, or after reading to assess vocabulary.

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Grammatical categories are the classifications of words according to their common features and characteristics. These features are syntactic, morphological and even semantic.

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A dissphemism is a deliberately derogatory or insulting word or expression that is used instead of a more neutral one. It can be used humorously.