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March 3, 1865  Freedmen’s Bureau created

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March 3, 1865  Freedmen’s Bureau created

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-The Freedmen's Bureau was an act passes by Congress to create a government agency whose purpose was to provide food, shelter, clothing, medical services, and land to newly freed African American people.
-The program lasted from 1865-1872, but there were alterations made over the period it was utilized.

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April 15, 1865 Abraham Lincoln is assassinated 

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April 15, 1865 Abraham Lincoln is assassinated 

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-Abraham Lincoln was assassinated at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C by John Wilkes Booth, a famous actor and "confederate sympathizer".
- Abraham Lincoln's policies of Reconstruction included but were not limited to the "Ten-Percent Plan", states must formally abolish slavery, and no confederate officials were allowed to participate in the new governments temporarily.

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April 15, 1865 Andrew Johnson becomes president 

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April 15, 1865 Andrew Johnson becomes president 

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-Andrew Johnson is known for being the immediate successor to Abraham Lincoln as well as being one of the three US presidents to be impeached. Andrew Johnson grew up in Raleigh, North Carolina in poverty and was initially an apprentice to a tailor before he ran away.
- Andrew Johnson's plan for Reconstruction included granting amnesty and the return of property, excluding slaves, for all Southerners who swore their loyalty to the Union. Andrew Johnson also stated that all Southern large land owners and Confederate leadership officials were required to obtain special Presidential pardons from him. States also had to ratify the Thirteenth Amendment.

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-These were state law codes that were put in place by White Southerners and seen by Northerners as an attempt to restore slavery.
- The Black codes legalized marriages between black men and women, introduced strict labor contracts, and established a racially separate court system for all civil and criminal cases that included a black plaintiff or defendant.

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- The thirteenth amendment formally abolished slavery in the United States of America.
- The Senate passed the amendment in April 1864.
- After Georgia ratified the amendment on December 6, 1865, slavery was no longer legal in any shape or form within the United States.

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-In Pulaski, Pulaski, Tennessee, a group of Confederate veterans gathered to form a secret society, which they named the "Ku Klux Klan".
- This group utilized violence in order to fight against the societal advancements that African Americans were receiving as a result of the Reconstruction.

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- A prominent component of the Civil Rights Act of 1866 was that all people that were born within the United States are citizens of the United States of America.
-President Johnson vetoed this bill, but Congress overrided the veto, thus making this the first major piece of legislation to be enacted over a presidential veto.

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- For three days  white people assaulted black people on the streets of Memphis, TN.
- The result of this was that 48 people, the majority of which were black, were dead, and many homes were pillaged or burned.

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March 2, 1867 - March 11, 1868 Reconstruction Acts of 1867

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March 2, 1867 - March 11, 1868 Reconstruction Acts of 1867

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-One of the acts passed during this time divide the South into five military districts, another act required the military commanders of the five military districts to register eligible voters and chaperone the election of delegates to state constitutional conventions.
- The third act established specific categories of people who held office within the confederacy who were now subjected to disenfranchisement. The fourth act stated that the ratification of State constitutions would be passed by a majority of people voting to pass it.

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June 1870 Treaty of Annexation of Santo Domingo 

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June 1870 Treaty of Annexation of Santo Domingo 

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- United States President Ulysses S. Grant proposes a treaty for the annexation  of Santo Domingo in an attempt to find free land that newly freed former slaves could settle in.
-The treaty was opposed by the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and was never passed.

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July 28, 1868 14th Amendment is ratified

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July 28, 1868 14th Amendment is ratified

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- The fourteenth Amendment defined citizenship to include an individual that was either born or naturalized in the United Staes. This included former slaves who had just been freed after the Civil War.
- The amendment was rejected by the majority of Southern States, but was ratified by the required three-fourths of states.

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-Ulysses S. Grant won the first election of the Reconstruction Era and won the 21st quadrennial presidential election. He is best known for Union general who led the United States to victory over the Confederacy during the American Civil War.
- Ulysses S. Grant wanted to promote the rights of former enslaved people while also expanding the Republican influence.

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Winter 1868: Southern Constitutional Conventions including freedman

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Winter 1868: Southern Constitutional Conventions including freedman

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- This was one of the first political meetings, within the United States, to include a substantial amount of black men.
- During this time, the convention abolished debtors' prison, provide for public education, abolished the need for property ownership in order to run for office, and granted some rights to women.

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February 3, 1870 15th Amendment is ratified

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February 3, 1870 15th Amendment is ratified

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- This act gave African American men the ability to vote.
-On this day, Iowa approved the 15th amendment to the constitution, which required a three-quarters majority of states approval in order to be ratified.

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- The White League was a paramilitary group whose goal was to secure white rule in Louisiana.
- The White League clashed with Louisiana's predominantly black state militia and this caused the lost of many black lives.
-Only three members of the White League die, but one hundred black men were killed with 50 of those deaths occurring after they had surrendered.

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1875 Mississippi Plan or “Shotgun Policy”

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1875 Mississippi Plan or “Shotgun Policy”

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- The Redeemers, which were typically former Confederates who formed a ring within the Democratic Party, devised a plan to achieve "white power" for the states.
- The strategy of the plan was to use thousands of armed white militias to intimidate black people into not voting and preventing white "defections" to the Republican Party.

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After the 1876 election Compromise of 1877

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After the 1876 election Compromise of 1877

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- The 1876 Presidential election was a very highly contested election between Republican Rutherford B. Hayes and Democrat Samuel Tilden. Both candidates claimed that they were victorius.
-An informal "backroom" political deal was made amongst US congressman in which Rutherford B. Hayes is declared the president and Republicans agree to abandon Reconstruction policies.