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Pollution

There was an increase in the amount of pollution generated due to all the machinery being powered by

coal. To improve this they may have used more renewable sources of power e.g wind power/ water.

Overpopulation

The increase in amount of factory jobs allowed for more people to move to the city, causing crowding.

This resulted in ‘city’ slums being built to ensure housing. There was also an increasing demand of daily

essentials needed e.g. food, plumbing, water, healthcare, churches. This was because more people had

kids in order to obtain money as they were easier to employ. As well as this there was a higher chance of

death rate due to the dangerous working circumstances.

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Children were employed

there were plenty of them in orphanages and they could be replaced easily if accidents did occur they

were much cheaper than adults as a factory owner did not have to pay them as much they were small

enough to crawl under machinery to tie up broken threads they were young enough to be bullied

by 'strappers' - adults would not have stood for this

Some factory owners were better than others when it came to looking after their work force. Arkwright

was one of these. He had some harsh factory rules (such as workers being fined for whistling at work or

looking out of the window) but he also built homes for his work force, churches and expected his child

workers to receive a basic amount of education. Other owners were not so charitable as they believed

that the workers at their factories should be grateful for having a job and the comforts built by the likes

of Arkwright did not extend elsewhere.

At the time when the Industrial Revolution was at its height, very few laws had been passed by

Parliament to protect the workers. As many factory owners were Members of Parliament or knew MP's,

this was likely to be the case. Factory inspectors were easily bribed as they were so poorly paid. Also

there were so few of them, that covering all of Britain's factories would have been impossible.

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Safety- there was no aspect of Safety

Factories were run for profit. Any form of machine safety guard cost money. As a result there were no

safety guards. Safety clothing was non-existant. Workers wore their normal day-to-day clothes. In this

era, clothes were frequently loose and an obvious danger.

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Lancashire Factory

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This act was to change Great Britain. Before very long, this factory employed over 300 people. Nothing had ever been seen like this before. The domestic system only needed two to three people working in their own home. By 1789, the Cromford mill employed 800 people. With the exception of a few engineers in the factory, the bulk of the work force were essentially unskilled. They had their own job to do over a set number of hours. Whereas those in the  could work their domestic system Town hours and enjoyed a degree of flexibility, those in the factories were governed by a clock and factory rules.

Edmund Cartwright's power loom ended the life style of skilled weavers. In the 1790's, weavers were well paid. Within 30 years many had become labourers in factories as their skill had now been taken over by machines. In 1813, there were only 2,400 power looms in Britain. by 1850, there were 250,000

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positives and negatives of the factory system

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positives and negatives of the factory system

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Turning Points in History - Industrial Revolution

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Stoke factory

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The  reformers gradually managed to force changes to the way that  workers were treated. Some of these reforms are listedbelow.

Factory  Act 1819 | Limited  the hours worked by children to a maximum of 12 per day.
Factory  Act 1833 | Children  under 9 banned from working in the textiles industry and  10-13 year olds limited to a 48 hour week.
Factory  Act 1844 | Maximum  of 12 hours work per day for Women.
Factory  Act 1847 | Maximum  of 10 hours work per day for Women and children.
Factory  Act 1850 | Increased  hours worked by Women and children to 10 and a half hours  a day, but not allowed to work before 6am or after 6pm.
1874 | No  worker allowed to work more than 56.5 hours per week.

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Not  all factories were as bad as the scenario highlighted above.  Robert owen and Titus salt for example were both regarded  as good employers in this respect. They were amongst a group  of people who were known as reformers. These people wanted  changes to the way that factories were run. They faced opposition  from other mill owners who knew that reforms would cost them  money and give the workers more rights. (They wanted to make  as much profit as possible remember, that is the purpose of  manufacturing in a capitalist country).

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The arkright factory.

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Industries  such as the cotton trade were particularly hard for workers  to endure long hours of labour. The nature of the work being  done meant that the workplace had to be very hot, steam engines  contributing further to the heat in this and other industries.  Machinery was not always fenced off and workers would be exposed  to the moving parts of the machines whilst they worked. Children  were often employed to move between these dangerous machines  as they were small enough to fit between tightly packed machinery.  This led to them being placed in a great deal of danger and  mortality (death rates) were quite high in factories. Added  to the dangers of the workplace also consider the impact of  the hours worked. It was quite common for workers to work  12 hour s or more a day, in the hot and physically exhausting  work places. Exhaustion naturally leads to the worker becoming  sluggish (slow), which again makes the workplace more dangerous.

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Issues- How to improve Factories in the Industrial Revolution…

There was a less need for work. Decrease in Economy.

This act was to change Great Britain. Before very long, this factory employed over 300 people. Nothing

had ever been seen like this before. The domestic system only needed two to three people working

in their own home. By 1789, the Cromford mill employed 800 people. With the exception of a few

engineers in the factory, the bulk of the work force were essentially unskilled. They had their own job to

do over a set number of hours. Whereas those in the domestic system could work their own hours and

enjoyed a degree of flexibility, those in the factories were governed by a clock and factory rules.

Edmund Cartwright's power loom ended the life style of skilled weavers. In the 1790's, weavers were

well paid. Within 30 years many had become labourers in factories as their skill had now been taken

over by machines. In 1813, there were only 2,400 power looms in Britain. by 1850, there were 250,000.

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The factory system is a method of manufacturing first adopted in England at the beginning of the industrial revolution in the 1750s it later spread abroad to man countries it replaced the domestic system which was were you worked in your homes.