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A catapult is a ballistic device used to launch a projectile a great distance without the aid of explosive devices-particularly various types of ancient and medieval siege engines. Although the catapult has been used since ancient times, it has proven to be one of the most effective mechanisms during warfare.

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Defining Gravity: Crash Course Kids #4.1

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Making a marshmallow catapult sounds like a lot of fun. Make a marshmallow catapult with your kids to fight boredom and have fun. HooplaKidz Lab provides simple instructions on how make a mini marshmallow catapult to keep the kids busy for hours. Click Here to Subscribe to HooplaKidzLab: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=hooplakidzlab Please leave your comments in the comments section.

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Make sure to include these words in a thought web or dictionary

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Lab

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Explore forces, energy and work as you push household objects up and down a ramp. Lower and raise the ramp to see how the angle of inclination affects the parallel forces acting on the file cabinet. Graphs show forces, energy and work.

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An Explainer is a trained high school or college student who will answer your questions about how things fly. Explainers also host the webisode videos you'll find thoughout this website. And, if you visit the How Things Fly gallery in Washington, D.C., you will find Explainers assisting visitors to interpret exhibits and presenting hands-on demonstrations on the science of flight.

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NASA Video

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Sports Demo Audio/Video Clips

What would it be like to play football or baseball in space? Flight engineer Clayton Anderson, crew member on the International Space Station's Expedition 15, shows you. Download video and audio clips of Anderson on the space station as he demonstrates and discusses these sports and others. You can mix these NASA clips and images with your own narration, original video, special effects and transitions. Preview the video and download the clips you want to use in your own multimedia project.
To download clips:

1. Click "Playlist" at the top of the video player to view and select from available videos.

2. In the list below the video player, right click (use CTRL + click for Macs) to download the video or the audio.

(Anderson) One of the things we have to talk about is Newton's laws. Anything in space -- if we leave it just where it is -- it will stay there unless it's acted upon by another force. So that football, theoretically, in zero g will stay there forever until somebody acts on it with a force. And now as that football goes, it will continue to move that direction until we stop it or give it a force in another direction. So think about that if you were the field goal kicker on your football team. Then you could do this: You could tee up the football, and all by yourself, you could kick that field goal right there. It's good!

(Anderson) Another sport we have is baseball. Now, baseball, a lot of people know -- when you're a pitcher -- is based on the curvature of the ball and how it spins. And if a pitcher puts different spins on the ball, it will move in different directions to fool the batter.But in space it's not quite the same. As you can see, this ball's spinning, but it's not doing anything. So a batter could come up with his baseball bat, and he could just smack it right out of the park.

Batter Up in Space
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(Anderson) So now as the batter, I've had time to go back to the dugout, grab my baseball bat, set up in the box and swing. Oh, it looks like it might be a foul ball, coming back to me. So, let's try that again. Looks like it's a fast ball right down the center of the plate. It's a line shot. Oh, it's out of here.

(Anderson) Some of you may know that a knuckle ball is a pitch that's thrown by a pitcher that doesn't spin at all. When it doesn't spin and it goes through the airstream, it causes it to move in all different sorts of direction. And that's because of the reaction of the forces in the air and this funny non-spin of the ball. But, see, today I can throw a knuckle ball, and it goes straight as an arrow. Look at that. Didn't move a bit.

(Anderson) As you know, in basketball we want to throw the ball through the hoop. And in order to do that on the ground, we need gravity because as we toss the ball into space, gravity will pull it back down through the hoop like that. But in space you can see it's a little bit of a different challenge. We have our basketball hoop in a different direction. If we put it up this way, which probably looks normal to most of you on the ground, it's a little bit hard to throw the ball through the hoop from out here. But we can try. See, the ball goes in a straight line and we want it to kind of arc down through the hoop. So we have to change our trajectory a little bit and see if we can bank-shot the ball into the hole. Oh, yeah, we got her.

Soccer Demo in Space
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(Anderson) As you can see, we can play lots of different sports on board. I'm not much of a soccer player, but you can even do soccer. You have to be careful as you shoot through the goal -- oh -- because sometimes it goes down in the hole and we have to wait for it to come back up.

(Anderson) We can also be a receiver in any sport on board the station. And if the football pass is good, we can score that touchdown. ... So, there you go, sports fans. Zero g is a sportsman's paradise. You just have to change the rules a little bit.

(Anderson) Another concept that we can illustrate in sports in zero g is the ease with which we can do some certain things. Take gymnastics, for example. Many of you may have watched young men in the Olympics, and they do a move called the iron cross on the rings, which is extremely difficult to do. But in space, it's pretty easy.

Notice the perfect form and the straight legs and the pointed toes.

Tumbling in Space
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(Anderson) For my next maneuver we're going to do a little tumbling. But for that I have to take my headset off.

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DIY Podcast: Sports Demo Audio/Video Clips

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What would it be like to play football or baseball in space? Flight engineer Clayton Anderson, crew member on the International Space Station's Expedition 15, shows you. Download video and audio clips of Anderson on the space station as he demonstrates and discusses these sports and others.

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TED Talk - Video

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How to think about gravity - Jon Bergmann

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Did you know that when you fall down, the earth falls up to meet you? Explore the counterintuitive equation that describes gravity.

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TED Talk - Video

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There was this fellow in England named Sir Isaac Newton. A little bit stuffy, bad hair, but quite an intelligent guy. He worked on developing both calculus and physics at the same time. In his work, he came up with the three basic ideas that we still use to describe the physics of motion ( up to a point). The ideas have been tested and verified so many times over the years that scientists now call them Newton's Three Laws of Motion.

It is helpful when describing forces acting on an object to label their direction. Since forces have both Magnitude (Size) and direction, they are said to be vector quantities. Vectors are represented by arrows and can be added if they face in the same direction or subtracted if they are in the opposite directions. Vector diagrams are pictures which include vector arrows to represent all of the forces which act on a single object.

Draw a vector diagram of a bicycle being pedaled and label all of the forces which act on it. If you are unsure about all of the forces that act, search google to help you figure out which forces act and then label them with arrows in your diagram.

Bicycle with thick tires, like mountain bikes, tend to go slower than bicycles with thin tires, like road bikes, when you apply the same amount of force, even if the bicycles are the same weight. This is due to the frictional force between the road and the tire.

According the the conservation of energy theory, energy cannot be created or destroyed. However, since the bicycle with smaller tires is traveling faster than the bicycle with the larger tires, it has more kinetic energy (the energy of movement). Where does this excess energy go?

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Newton's 3 Laws, with a bicycle - Joshua Manley

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There was this fellow in England named Sir Isaac Newton. A little bit stuffy, bad hair, but quite an intelligent guy. He worked on developing both calculus and physics at the same time. In his work, he came up with the three basic ideas that we still use to describe the physics of motion ( up to a point).

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Username: gsdenver

password: brainpop

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Quick Lab

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Newton's Laws of Motion

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Forces and Newton's laws of motion | Physics | Science | Khan Academy

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Learn for free about math, art, computer programming, economics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more. Khan Academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere.