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A metafile is a file which contains information that describes or specifies another file. Microsoft use the term metafile for its Windows Metafile WMF format which is a file containing a sequences of graphical-device- interface or GDI function calls that act as commands to the Windows operating system which result in the presentation of graphic image. Some but not all of the function calls are equivalent to vector graphics statements and other literal specifications or identity stored bitmap which bits to illuminate. The reason we use WMF files rather than using an already built bitmap is because it saves disk space when many bitmaps are used repeatedly by different components of the operating system or of an application. The WMF file stays using a 16-bit operating system. Microsoft also have an enhanced metafile EMF format because it uses a 32-bit operating system, which has a much better performance rate. Another metafile that is commonly used is the Computer Graphics Metafile (CGM)which is a standard American National Standards Institute- approved format which can be used on any operating system compared to the WMF format which has been designed to only work for Windows. There are tools such as HiJaak that convert for you the WMF, EMF and CGM formats into other formats. A disadvantage of using metafiles is that it has been recorded by Symantec to Microsoft that by using a metafile to invoke a historic form of some printer management functions the Windows GDI could be tricked into executing data from the WMF file as code but this was later tackled and the vulnerability resolved using a security update in 2006. It is also possible to design alternative libraries which render WMF binary files or convert them into other graphic formats e.g. the Batik library is able to render WMF and convert them into Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) which is the equivalent and FreeHEO Java library also allows you to save Java2D drawings as EMF files.

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Vector graphic files use geometrical primitives such as lines, shapes, curves, colours and polygons to build up an image as a mathematical formula in computer graphics. Vectors graphics are based on vectors, which are either paths or strokes that lead through control points. Each point has a definite position on the x or y axis of the work plane and they determine the direction of the path which can may mean that each path is assigned a stroke colour or shape or particular thickness or fill but these properties don’t increase the size of a vector graphics file in any substantial way. The information stays put in the document structure, which describes how a vector should be drawn. Some of the earliest 2D computer graphics were all vector graphics and one of the first uses of vector graphics displays was in the US SAGE air defense system which was retired from U.S, en route air traffic controls in 1999 but are still likely to be in use in military and specialised systems. They were also used in the MIT London Laboratory on the TX-2 by computer graphics pioneer Ivan Sutherland to run his creation programme Sketchpad in 1963. More modern vector graphics can be found at laser light shows where two quickly moving X-Y mirrors position the beam to rapidly draw shapes and text as curved and straight strokes on a screen. An advantage of using vector files is that you can scale your images to any size and detail that you want; the only limitation is the resolution of the display. Vector data generating the image stays the same which means that if you were to print an image onto paper you would end up with a sharper and much better resolution image output than if you would if you were displaying them on a screen. Some of the most common file extensions used with vector files is EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) PDF (Portable Document Format) and AI (Adobe Illustrator). The software packages you would use for vector file is Adobe Illustrator.

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Raster graphics which are also known as bitmap graphics (because they contain information that’s directly mapped to the display grid) is a dot matrix data structure made up and stored as arrays of pixels. They are digital images which have been captured or created e.g. by scanning in a photo to a pc or created using digital software like Adobe Photoshop CS6. These data structures are usually made up of a rectangular grid of pixels or points of colour that which are viewable on paper, by a monitor and other display mediums. A raster image file is made up of coordinates labelling the pixels ‘A’ and ‘B’ and then is able to identify these coordinates and decide which ones to illuminate in monochrome or color values. The format can support a wide range of colours and depict subtle graduated tones which makes it well-suited for displaying continuous-tone images such as shaded drawings and photographs and other detailed images. Raster files are said to have origins from television technology because the images are constructed quite like the pictures on a television screen being made up of small, uniformly sized pixels that are arranged in a two-dimensional grid stacked in columns and rows. Raster files are usually larger than vector graphics images file and are quite difficult to modify without loss of information. Despite this, there are software tools that are able to convert a raster file into a vector file with a minimal loss for refinement and changes. Some of the most commonly found raster files formats are BMP (Windows Bitmap), GIF, TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) and JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group).  BMP and TIFF are both lossless formats which means that they don’t lose any data when compressed but both GIF and JPEG are quite lossy.