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In these video you can see what the von Neuman architecture is.

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In these video you can see the definition of an operating system

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An operating system makes your system operate. It's a reflexive definition, but it's also a good one! There are several functions of an operating system. As well, the operating system serves as an intermediary between application software and the hardware. An operating system knows how to make your hardware operate.

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Vendors are the companies that produce the softwares

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Flavors are the versions ofvirtual machines

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A virtual machine (VM) is a software implementation of a machine (e.g., a computer) that executes programs like a physical machine. Virtual machines are separated into two major classifications, based on their use and degree of correspondence to any real machine:

A system virtual machine provides a complete system plataform which supports the execution of a complete operating system (OS). These usually emulate an existing architecture, and are built with the purpose of either providing a platform to run programs where the real hardware is not available for use or of having multiple instances of virtual machines leading to more efficient use of computing resources, both in terms of energy consumption and cost effectiveness or both.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_machine

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An operating system or OS is a software program that enables the computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software. Without a computer operating system, a computer and software programs would be useless. The picture is an example of Microsoftwindows XP, a popular operating system and what the box may look like if you were to visit a local retail store to purchase it.

http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/o/os.htm

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Sometimes abbreviated as S/W, software is a collection of instructions that enable the user to interact with a computer or have it perform specific tasks for them. Without software, computers would be useless. For example, without your Internet browser software you would be unable to surf the Internet or read this page and without a software operating system, the browser would not be able to run on your computer. In the picture is Microsoft Excel, an example of a software program.

http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/s/software.htm

Here are some examples:

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The term Von neumann architecture, derives from a 1945 computer architecture description by the mathematician and physicist John von Neumann, First Draft of a repirt on the EDVAC (Electronioc Discrete Variable Automatic Computer). This describes a design architecture for an electronic digital computer with subdivisions of a processing unit consisting of an arithmetic logic unit and processor registers, a control unit containing an instrument register and program counter, a memory to store both data and instruction, external mass storage, and input and output mechanism

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Neumann_architecture