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It is a system of mirrors that reflected the sunlight concentrating it on the enemy ships and with the purpose of setting them on fire.

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The Romans would bring the ships as close as possible to the wall to attach their ladders to the fortifications and gain access to the battlements with their troops. Then came into action the claw, which consisted of a crane-like arm from which hung a huge metal hook. When the grapple was dropped on an enemy ship the arm would swing upwards, lifting the bow of the ship out of the water and causing water to enter the stern.

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Since water cannot be compressed, the crown, when submerged, would displace an amount of water equal to its own volume. By dividing the weight of the crown by the volume of water displaced, the density of the crown could be obtained. The density of the crown would be less than the density of gold if other less dense metals had been added to it.

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244. The Siracusia and the Arquimedes screw

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244. The Siracusia and the Arquimedes screw

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Archimedes' machine was a mechanism with a screw-shaped blade inside a cylinder. It was rotated by hand, and could also be used to transfer water from bodies of low water into irrigation canals. The screw is still used today to pump liquids and semi-fluid solids, such as coal, ice and grain.

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Archimedes was able to use infinitesimals in a way similar to modern integral calculus. Through reductio ad absurdum, he was able to answer problems by means of approximations with a certain degree of precision, specifying the limits between which the correct answer lay. This technique is called the exhaustive method. And it was the system for approximating the value of the number pi.

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The Greek mathematician was born in Syracuse, present-day Italy.