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Viola Davis Desmond was a canadian civil rights activist, business woman and was involved in one big Nova Scotia controversy in 1946.She refused to sit in the balcony of the Roseland Theatre in New Glasgow, N.S. and sat on the floor reserved exclusively for white people instead. She was then arrested and found guilty of not paying the full tax on a floor-seat ticket. She was jailed and fined. She died in 1965 at the age of 50. In 2010, the government of Nova Scotia posthumously pardoned Desmond and apologized to her family.  Viola Desmond didn’t only stand up for black civil rights but also women's rights. Being a black women in the 1900s was very hard whether you wanted to run for congressman or just simply watch a movie on the floor. This act resulted in many other people of colour to start standing up for their rights which lead to a huge chain of events slowly making their profile more equal to the white male. It let people know that it is needed to stand up for you and your community and to be heard in order to create change.

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In 1949, the war had just ended and many people wanted to be at peace and have a tranquil neighbourhood. Developers starting building many more homes for the growing of Canada’s population from all the immigrants. The suburbs were where many of them located themselves when arriving in canada where land was cheaper than in the city. Since mostly all the jobs during 1949 were based in the city, the families in the suburbs needed an efficient way to get from the suburbs to the city and back. The automobile had become the new big thing. Canadians fell in love with them and bought 3.5 million of them. Cars changed the way everyone lived as they represented many aspects of the postwar era: growth and dependance on technology, progress, and freedom. These automobiles required an absurd amount of fuel to power these many new cars in the country. The oil businesses soared because of the amounts of fuel being needed to fuel the cars which helped Canada’s economy blossom. Nowadays, humans are heavily reliant on cars and automobiles as modes of transportation. Whether it’s cars, buses, subways, trains etc, these things represent freedom which was well wanted after WW2 had just ended. The booming of automobiles and oil have built up Canada’s economy to where we are now. From going from suburban families needing automobiles for work to more than half the world's population owning one or more cars is a huge shift in time periods and essential in our history. It has had a great effect on the ease of how everyone gets around and how things run smoothly in big cities or small towns. although cars help so many people, with all the carbon emissions from the gas tanks, it has helped speed up climate change quite a bit.

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Pearson proposed a UN peacekeeping force in 1956. This force was to bring the British and French out of Egypt during the Suez Crisis. His plan / force worked and won him a Nobel Peace Prize. This established Canada and their reputation as a peacekeeping nation. During this decision, Pearson has given Canada the best reputation which we still live up to. Having the name of being peacekeepers has not only steered us clear of multiple attacks from other countries, but has made it easier to form alliances and get people to trust us. It resulted in saving many British and French lives during a crisis while gaining points for our country.

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St Lawrence Seaway Formally Opened - 1959

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St Lawrence Seaway Formally Opened - 1959

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The St Lawrence river was always just a river to boat along never used for anything else. On April 1st 1959, Queen Elizabeth II and President Eisenhower opened up the segway officially for commercial shipping. The Seaway allowed transportation for ocean going vessels and ships from Lake Superior to Montréal. It created a navigational pathway from the Atlantic Ocean to all the Great Lakes. The seaway is made up of a system of canals and dredged waterways, extends a distance of over 2,500 miles. The St Lawrence river is the biggest trading route Canada has with their biggest allies, the US. The St Lawrence river allows everything from Canada to be transported to the US quite easily and vise versa. Quebec borders the The St Lawrence river making them main exporters for industrial exports for the US, it is the biggest means of shipment in Quebec. Having the segway open, it has become essential for Canadian businesses and the Canadian economy.

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The white paper was issued by Pierre Trudeau to provide the Indigenous community with equal rights. However in order to receive that, they would have to become a part of mainstream Canada, meaning assimilating their culture in a way. The red paper was the response the Indigenous People created because they were enraged. This resulted in the government changing its policies and the Indigenous community showing their resilience and dedication to their culture. This was one of the first time the Indigenous people fought back against the government the same way the government was playing and won the fight. They were fed up with all that the government has been doing to them but tricking them into giving up their culture, land, rights in order to have the most basic rights that all Canadians already have. After the Indigenous people started to stand up for themselves and fight for their rights, Canada started to realize how badly they were treating the Indigenous and starting their journey on the path to reconciliation.

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Terry Fox Marathon of Hope - APRIL 12, 1980

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Terry Fox Marathon of Hope - APRIL 12, 1980

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Terry fox was a young man who was diagnosed with cancer. He wanted to run across canada is hope to fundraise for the research and cure  of cancer. He started in St. John's, NL and ended on 1 September in Thunder Bay, ON. He had to stop after the doctors discovered cancer in his lungs. He had raised over $10 million and his legacy still resonates with everyone today. Terry fox didn’t just run for himself, he ran for everyone that is battling cancer to show them that even with a prosthetic leg and spreading cancer, to never ever give up. While the running raised awareness, he raised so much money to put towards kids and adults in need of treatment so that hopefully one day, people might actually get the chance to survive the deadly disease.

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Two Québec Referendums were held. During the first one it asks Québec voters whether or not to allow the decision leading to the province’s sovereignty. 60% of Québec said “no” leaving that discussion closed only for a little while. The second vote was held in 1995 with 50.58 per cent support of Québec the province remaining in Canada. In 2006, the federal government contended that “the Québécois form a “nation” within a united Canada.” These moments are very important in Canadian history as it is what made Canada with all its 10 provinces and 3 territories it has today. If the Québécois had chosen to remain independent, who knows if Canada would be the same. Our economy would be different knowing that a grave deal of our resources comes from Quebec as well as it being the biggest industrial shipment place in Canada on the St Lawrence River. We would lack in resources based in Quebec. We might not even have access to the St Lawrence River since it borders Quebec. We could possibly not even be allies with Quebec which could be bad for many reasons.

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The debt started with irrational spending, along with spending more than their income. The government injected the economy with initiatives to boost the annual income over time. Jean Chrétien gained fast popularity by proposing the unpopular goods and services tax. He also pledged to renegotiate NAFTA and to scrap the conservatives 5.8 billion order for new military helicopters. Jean Chrétien and the Liberals came to power in 1993. They inherited a huge national debt of around $459 billion. Their solution was to put $6 billion into the economy through public works such as road repairs and new bridges. These projects would make jobs and bring in workers which then would spend their money and lead to boosting the economy. Without the debt crisis, Canada wouldn’t have learnt how to deal with the economic crisis that occurred and might occur again in the future. Jean Chrétien quickly learned that the way he came about being in position was wrongly approached and that he needed to put money towards the things keeping Canada afloat. It had negative impacts where he decided to fire 40,000 jobs in the federal civil service and reduced the money given to provinces for post secondary education, healthcare, and welfare. The Provinces were then forced to cut programs which took a toll on the whole country. Having these downfalls during the 1990s is what is helping canada today to look back on and use Jean Chrétien’s mistakes as stepping blocks to enhance our country in more ways than just economical, but in strategic and more wise plans.

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The Idle No More movement is Canadians and Aboriginal people protesting against the government. It sought to protect Aboriginal rights and lands across Canada. Began as a protest against bill C-45 that turned into a wider fight for rights. They used social media to call on Canadian “To join in a revolution which honours and fulfils indigenous sovereignty which protects the land and water”. This was the first time aboriginal people were reaching out to canadian citizens and asking them to help protest. They shared their stories and issues on social media to help raise awareness and knowledge about the wrongs that were going on. By reaching out, hundreds of Canadians joined to help fight for what was right even if it wasn’t their culture or background. They advocated for self determination and got through to the government after countless hours of protesting.

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In 2015 Prime Minister Justin Trudeau signed the Paris Agreement. This was a goal to spend “$2.65 billion over the next five years to help developing countries battle climate change.” The achievements within the goal were to limit global temperature rises to below 2 degrees C, help poorer nations fight to stop climate change and to get to a carbon-free world before 2100. When finished signing the agreement, Trudeau promised Canada that their efforts in combating climate change “will not cease.”. This was the first big step a leader in Canada has taken to further our country and many other countries towards a cleaner less degrading earth. Climate change has been going on since the 19th century and not once has a leader signed and agreement that would not only benefit themselves, but worse off countries as well. Trudeau put Canada first while also thinking of the world as a whole. While we may not know the effects and outcomes of the goal for a while, we know that this act will be the first in the many chain reactions to get the world in gear for something way larger than it seems.