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Samples of pollen are collected to compare with pollen found on suspect's clothing  GClark

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This is when pollen are found out in the in the area and is being collected to put in a tub. - Ke'Niyah

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This is a close up picture of a bee with pollen all over his body spreading the pollen- Nasir

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This link talks about ways and protocols to collect the pollen and how they store it. -Ke'Niyah

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Representative Results

A previous study reported the assessment of the diversity of pollen collected by honey bees in the following agricultural crops: almond, cherry, highbush blueberry, hybrid carrot, and meadowfoam ¹⁴. Using the described methods, corbicular pollen was collected, sorted by color, and the plant sources of each pellet color group identified to assess pollen diversity. Bottom-mount pollen traps were installed on colonies in multiple sites for each crop ( Figure 1A). The quantity of pollen collected from each site was enough to fulfill sample weight requirements of the color sorting and acetolysis analysis methods. Every pollen collection sample had multiple distinguishable color groups ( Figure 2 and Figure 3). In some samples, pollen color groups contained as few as 4-5 pellets; however, most groups had significantly more than that and thus served as their own labeled color group for acetolysis ( Figure 4 and Figure 5). After acetolysis ( Figure 6), bright-field light microscopy was used to effectively identify each color group to its lowest possible taxonomic rank by confirming the morphological characteristics with those of voucher specimens collected from the area surrounding each study site ( Figure 7).

Figure 1: Pollen traps installed on a honey bee colony to collect corbicular pollen. ( A) Bottom-mount traps placed above the hive bottom board and directly above the lowest hive box. Other pollen trap styles include ( B) front-mount and ( C) auger-hole entrance mount traps. Please click here to view a larger version of this figure.

Figure 5: Four groups of pollen pellets sorted by color using the Pantone color guide. The color groups are labeled as ( A) gray, Pantone 5855C, ( B) brown, Pantone 7557C, ( C) yellow, Pantone 458C, and ( D) light brown, Pantone 3547C. Please click here to view a larger version of this figure.

The pollen collected from almond crop locations had relatively lower pollen diversity than pollen collected from other crops, with an average of 3.0 ± 0.5 pellet colors and 3.2 ± 1.2 plant taxa per site ( Table 2) ¹⁴. The remaining four cropping systems had higher pollen diversity levels with an average of 6.0 ± 2.0 pellet colors and 8.0 ± 1.5 plant taxa per site in cherry, 8.8 ± 1.4 pellet colors and 13.5 ± 2.0 plant taxa per site in highbush blueberry, 7.0 ± 1.0 pellet colors and 11.0 ± 0.0 plant taxa per site in hybrid carrot, and 10.0 ± 0.0 pellet colors and 13.0 ± 1.5 plant taxa per site in meadowfoam ¹⁴.

Crop Mean number of pollen pellet colors/site (SE)Mean number of plant taxa/site (SE)Total taxa identified

Family Genus Species

Table 2: Diversity of corbicular pollen collected from honey bees in five cropping systems. Diversity metrics include mean number of pellet colors (± SE), mean number of plant taxa (± SE), and total taxa identified. This table has been modified from ¹⁴. Abbreviation: SE = standard error.

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apis mellifera l.

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Collection and Identification of Pollen from Honey Bee Colonies | Protocol

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A previous study reported the assessment of the diversity of pollen collected by honey bees in the following agricultural crops: almond, cherry, highbush blueberry, hybrid carrot, and meadowfoam 14. Using the described methods, corbicular pollen was collected, sorted by color, and the plant sources of each pellet color group identified to assess pollen diversity.

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This link talk about how the pollen is tested and how it spread among others things. -Ke'Niyah

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Pollen Database

Citation: Bush, M.B. and Weng, M.B. 2006. Introducing a new (freeware) tool for palynology. Journal of Biogeography 34: 377-380.

Please, register below to download the pollen database for Windows or Mac (FREE). Your registration and citations (if you publish and cite our database) help us maintaining and improving the database.

The purpose of this database is to assist in the identification of Neotropical pollen. This database features more than 1000 species whose pollen has been collected from herbarium sheets (we are indebted to Missouri Botanical Gardens and New York Botanical Gardens for allowing us access to their herbaria). We have paid particular attention to taxa that have been listed in Amazonian and Andean fossil pollen records and to families where we believe there is good scope for a) improving taxonomic resolution and b) actually finding the grain in sedimentary records. For example, we have good coverage of Anacardiaceae, and Euphorbiaceae, but almost nothing in Orchidaceae, Poaceae and Juncaceae.

The database can be quizzed according to family or genus, or as a multiple access key. Use the pull down menus to select the taxa. Some taxa may be represented in the lists but not yet available as specimens and this represents the difference between our holdings of reference material and those yet entered into this database... this is an ongoing project.

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Pollen Database | Neotropical Paleoecology Research Group

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Citation: Bush, M.B. and Weng, M.B. 2006. Introducing a new (freeware) tool for palynology. Journal of Biogeography 34: 377-380. Please, register below to download the pollen database for Windows or Mac (FREE). Your registration and citations (if you publish and cite our database) help us maintaining and improving the database.

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This link is about a case of a 4 year old child that died , it identified that pollen was on her clothing. -Ke'Niyah

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America only has one full-time forensic pollen analyst, and he has a lot of work on his hands.

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The link above basically shows and tells you how they collect pollen from bees and plants and how they use the collected pollen -Nasir

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Contributed by: Aja

This is a simple method of collecting and administering pollen to your female plants in a shared environment.

Collection

As the picture shows, this male plant is raring to go. ( My totally simple pollen collection technique in action.) I recommend doing this only after you have closed the ladies up for the night. Shut off any fans in the vicinity, as pollen is an airborne 'agent' and will travel for quite some distance if allowed.

Also be considerate of household members that are sensitive to pollen

1) Place a dry, sterile, open bag/container under the opening male flowers.

2) Gently tap the stem with a finger. The pollen will slowly settle into the container. (If you are careful, only a few flowers will fall into the mix.

3) Remove any flower/plant parts that land in your container with the pollen. Tap them off gently before removing, to recover the pollen. ( Moisture = BAD)

4) Dilute pollen with sterilized flour at a four-to-one ratio. This will allow more coverage if required ( Optional)

5) Refrigerate until use. ( Viable for around 3-5 days)

6) Immediately change your clothing and clean up before going near your female plants.

[Also, it is a good idea to isolate your pets during this time. I had a cat run in once when I was collecting pollen and after I chased it out, it promptly ran downstairs and into my Flowering room. A month later I had some very unusually crossed beans]

This is a real easy and practical method for harvesting a small amount.

Pollination disclaimer: This method is not recommended for everybody. Cross-pollination is often a result of pollinating plants in the presence of other females. Proceed at your own risk.

Due to weak branches, space and size considerations, etc., it may be necessary to pollinate your plants without removing them from the others. If possible, I would advise removing the female to be fertilized prior, but when that isn't possible, this is a good alternative.

Step 1
Wait till the grow lights go off as scheduled, and shut down all of the fans. Adjust your timers to eliminate 'surprises'. Eliminate any drafts in the outer and adjoining room and shut off your furnaceAC. The room must have zero air movement before you begin. Place a small garbage bag in a pocket at this time, later you can put all of the pollen 'tools' inside it when finished.

Step 2
Strategically locate the female(s) to seed next to each other and against a wall earlier in the grow. Now prepare a clear plastic drop cloth to isolate these plants from the rest of the garden. The plastic featured here is 4' high and 7' long.

Tape a straight edge against the far side of the tarp so that you can anchor it against the wall securely. You do not want it to come down! Use the thinnest plastic you can find to avoid excess moisture and damage to the plants. Because it is thin, be very careful to avoid damaging it.

Step 3
After arranging your divider by draping it loosely between the plants, (do not anchor it yet), mist the floor, net pots and buckets with distilled water. This will neutralize any errant pollen that drifts by or lands on the floor.

Thoroughly mist the other plants that you do not want to pollinate, being careful to avoid blowback on the plants to be fertilized.

Step 4
I prefer to wear tight-fitting clothes during this procedure to reduce pollen transfer. Carefully retrieve the pollen container, put the brush inside (a Q-tip will work for smaller amounts.) and place it into a larger, clean, storage bag. After sealing it shut, wipe the outside with a damp cloth to remove any pollen. This is important, you do not want any pollen to escape during the trip to the selected plants.

Step 5
Select the branches that you intend to fertilize and label them with computer labels. This will aid in identification later. Avoid going overboard here. A single MJ plant is capable of producing several thousand beans; only pollinate a few depending on your needs.

Make sure that the branches to be pollinated are in an area that will get good light coverage. Avoid pollinating the extreme lower branches, as they will likely not mature into viable seeds.

Step 6
While wearing gloves, position the bags nearby and below the branch and lightly coat the paintbrush with pollen. While holding the brush a short distance (3-6") above the target bud, lightly tap the brush, releasing pollen onto the fertile flower(s) below.

Do not contact the flowers directly with the brush. The 'tap' is similar to tapping off the ash on a joint, be careful, a little pollen goes a long way. For interior buds, simply tap the end of the brush lightly against the stems.

Try to select branches that are nearest to a wall, to avoid direct contact with other non-pollinated branches. Cross-pollination will occur anyway, but usually only a few extra seeds are a result.

Step 7
When you are satisfied with the coverage, seal up the inner bag, remove your gloves carefully and place them in the larger zip lock before sealing it as well. Now place the bag into the clean garbage bag that was previously secured in your pocket.

You may wish to remove your shirt slowly and place it in the bag as well.

Keep a wet washcloth nearby to wipe off your face, arms, legs and other pollen magnet areas. Doing this will reduce the spread of pollen as you leave the area. Remove the pollen bag from the room and return after washing up.

Step 8
Secure the far end of the plastic barrier to the wall. Be careful to do this slowly to avoid stirring up the air/pollen. Secure the end closest to the door using squares of stiff cardboard and tacks. These are essentially homemade roofing felt nails and will prevent the plastic from tearing.

Now shut them in for the night, making sure that the fan(s) are still disabled. You may need to raise the lights during the lights on period to compensate for the lack of fans.

This continues for 48 hours. On the third day's lights off time, mist the fertilized plants thoroughly to take out any viable pollen that remains behind, in the morning turn on the fans and adjust the light(s) as normal.

Remove the plastic divider after one week when you are certain that there is no contamination threat.

Remember at the end of the grow to thoroughly clean your grow room with a damp cloth to remove all traces of pollen.

Four to five weeks later, you should have a bunch of viable beans to grow or share with your friends and nature.

These Documents contain information gathered from many Online Communities and all possible references have been given to the authors of each individual article. For any discrepancies in this please contact " overgrow2@gmail.com" ....ps enjoy

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Contributed by: Aja This is a simple method of collecting and administering pollen to your female plants in a shared environment. Collection As the picture shows, this male plant is raring to go. ( My totally simple pollen collection technique in action.) I recommend doing this only after you have closed the ladies up for the night.

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This tells why we collect pollen and why its so important that we do collect it. -Nasir

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Why Do Bees Collect Pollen? The Delightful Day Of A Bee ⋆ Revive a Bee

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Have you ever looked out across a field or a meadow of wildflower buzzing with bees and thought, why do bees collect pollen? I'm going to take a detailed look into how and why bees collect pollen and it's purpose. Bumblebees, solitary bees and honeybees all collect pollen in the UK but for this evaluation, [...]

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This tells how forensic scientist counted on pollen to solve a murder in 1979 case -Nasir

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This link tells how they put pollen in a evidence bag when on a crime scene and could be evidence -Nasir 

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Forensic palynology relates to the application of the study of pollen and spores to legal matters, often used to establish links between objects, people and places based on the analysis and identification of pollen. Pollen and Spores Pollen refers to a powder containing the male gametophytes of seed-producing plants, produced and dispersed in order to pollinate and reproduce.

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This link is how the pollen is collect and package . They put it in a bag after they collect it from bees.  -KeNiyah

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Pollen is a brightly colored powder that bees collect from male plants and spread to female plants. This process is called pollination and allows plants to reproduce. But pollination is only a side effect of bees collecting pollen. Bees collect pollen to take to their hive to use as food, and there are a couple of ways that bees store pollen for their future use.

When a bee flies onto a flower, the pollen sticks to the bee's body. Bees have three pairs of legs, and each pair is used for a different purpose. All the legs have sticky hairs to collect pollen, but the second pair is covered with bristles that are used to remove pollen from the bee's body. To gather pollen, a bee might visit between 50 and 1,000 plants a day, depending on how much pollen each plant has.

The bee uses the second pair of legs to transfer the pollen from its body to its back legs. The back legs have small indentations on the outside of them called pollen baskets. The inside of these legs have combs and brushes that the bee uses to put the pollen in a joint in its back leg, which compacts the pollen so it will fit in the pollen baskets. The pollen is stored in the pollen baskets until the bee returns to the hive.

Beeswax is a sticky substance that the bee produces naturally in its abdomen. It then chews the beeswax until it is soft and flaky. The bee then adds the wax to the honeycomb to make more cells. The honeycomb is made up of many small, six-sided compartments--called cells--where the pollen is stored.

After the bee gets back to the hive, it removes the pollen from the pollen baskets and stores the pollen in the honeycomb. Each cell in the honeycomb is exactly the same size, and the sides are exactly 0.1 millimeter thick. After the bee builds the cells with beeswax, the pollen is mixed with honey or nectar and stored as food, called bee bread, in the honeycomb cells. Bee grub, which are worm-like, wingless baby bees, eat bee bread for three to five days before becoming pupae. At this stage, they are sealed into a cell with wax, and after 10 days, they bite their way out of the cells to emerge as a grown bee. Almost right away they start working, gathering pollen to bring back to the hive to store as food for more new bees.

Storing pollen is one of the most important things bees do. But pollen collection and storage is not only important for bees, it is also important for us--as without bees, many plants would have no way to become fertilized and produce new plants. When the bee collects nectar from the male plant, some of it falls on the female plant. This process, called pollination, allows the female plant to produce new seeds. Apple trees and other fruits and vegetables need bees to fertilize them.

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Pollen is a brightly colored powder that bees collect from male plants and spread to female plants. This process is called pollination and allows plants to reproduce. But pollination is only a side effect of bees collecting pollen.

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Pollen dust on somebody's hand - TA

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This link tells you how they put pollen in an evidence bag at a crime scene - TA

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America only has one full-time forensic pollen analyst, and he has a lot of work on his hands.

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This link shows you how to collect and store pollen - TA

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After you've studied the Brugmansia Family Tree and set up your cross-pollination filing system for organizing your crosses, its time to begin collecting a variety of pollens for your hybridizing arsenal. An effective and efficient program depends on having pollens available when you need them. Plants tend to bloom in staggered flushes, so oftentimes flowers with pollens you wish to use as pollen donors simply aren't in bloom. When this happens, you have a missed opportunity and may well lose a season of seed production.

The solution to the problem is frozen pollen. With this process, pollens are collected from flowers when they bloom, dried and frozen for future use. In the past, pollens were collected and placed in small plastic baggies after they were left in the open to air dry. The problem with that method was acceleration of pollen's natural process of deterioration. The longer it remains unused, the less it's viability. Keeping it enclosed in small Ziplock bags traps gasses that form as natural deterioration occurs and encourages microscopic fungi to form. All of it decreases viability. The less viable your pollens, the less successful attempts to fertilize will be.

Silica gel is an excellent desiccant. It virtually sucks moisture into itself and away from whatever its being used to protect from moisture. Whether its camera equipment, packaged electronics or a closet full of clothing, silica gel is designed to keep the environment it occupies dry. For this reason, it is ideal for drying pollens quickly. Time is viability's enemy. From the moment it appears on your flowers anthers, your pollen's deterioration clock starts ticking and the less successful it will be for fertilizing flowers.

You should collect healthy anthers with powdery pollen as soon as possible. The best method for this is to set up a small tray with your micro tubes, Sharpie, tweezers and scissors, then make the rounds of your garden. When you first begin doing this, you may have to open flowers with a scissors in order to give you more room to work. Inspect each flower. If you see powdery pollen, gasp the anthers and gently guide them into the micro tube. You can either enclose the entire anther before the drying process, or you can return to your kitchen table, remove the pollen from the anthers and re-tube them (see video). Make sure to clean your hands between your visits to different Brugs. If you don't, you run the risk of transferring pollens from your other Brugs to the next ones you work with. Remember, it only takes one pollen grain to successfully pollinate a flower. Universal precautions apply. Above all, make sure you label your microtubes correctly!

Once your pollens are safely inside your tubes, unsnap their caps and place them in a Ziplock container filled with silica gel. Close the lid. Three days drying time is ideal. After that, remove the tubes from the gel, snap the caps back on, place the tubes in a Ziplock bag, then either use them within a week's time - or freeze them. Frozen pollens can be viable for up to a full year. So, use your fresh pollens quickly if possible, but if you can't - use your frozen ones!

Here's a short video showing collection and preparation for the freezing process. Good luck!

Amazon.com Widgets

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After you've studied the Brugmansia Family Tree and set up your cross-pollination filing system for organizing your crosses, its time to begin collecting a variety of pollens for your hybridizing arsenal. An effective and efficient program depends on having pollens available when you need them.

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This link tells you why pollen its important and how its helpful - TA

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National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)

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Pollen grains that accumulate in sediments can provide a record of the vegetation that grew on or adjacent to the shore in different time periods. Researchers can reference this record to infer climate conditions for time periods with no direct observational data by determining what conditions were favorable to pollen types found in the sediment.

Accessing Data at the World Data Service for Paleoclimatology

Listings and search results from this page include data archived by the World Data Service for Paleoclimatology and the Neotoma Paleoecology Database.

Search Pollen Data

Search through pollen studies by Investigator, Title, Location Name, Parameters, and Latitude/Longitude Bounds.
Launch Pollen Data Search
Search All Paleoclimatology Data

Access a free text search of our entire archive.
Launch Paleo Data Search
Interactive Map

Select study locations by region, proximity to a point, or text-based attributes.
Launch Interactive Map
Google Earth Map

Locate and download pollen studies using a Google Earth map interface. Google Earth must be installed to use this search tool.
Download KMZ File
NCEI Paleo Web Service

Use the NCEI Paleo Web Service to access pollen study metadata records.
API Documentation
Browse Pollen Datasets

Contributing Data

To contribute to the pollen archive, review our instructions for contributing data. Prospective data providers can email paleo@noaa.gov to submit data and study description information.

Other Resources

Additional sources of pollen data and information.

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Pollen | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)

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Pollen grains that accumulate in sediments can provide a record of the vegetation that grew on or adjacent to the shore in different time periods. Researchers can reference this record to infer climate conditions for time periods with no direct observational data by determining what conditions were favorable to pollen types found in the sediment.

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This link tells you about how pollen helped solve a murder investigation - TA

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To try to identify a teenage girl found slain in a western New York cornfield in 1979, investigators have turned to a pollen-analysis technique rarely used...

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ROCHESTER, N.Y. - Three grains of pollen might help solve a 27-year-old murder mystery.

To try to identify a teenage girl found slain in a western New York cornfield in 1979, investigators have turned to a pollen-analysis technique rarely used in the United States.

Forensic botanist Vaughn Bryant determined that three microscopic Australian pine-pollen grains recovered this summer from inside the girl's jacket and pants pocket could have come only from Florida, Arizona or, the most likely possibility, Southern California - that is, provided she didn't leave the country.

"The chances of one of those pollen grains reaching that area of New York on air currents might be, I don't know, a billion to one," said Bryant, director of the Palynology Laboratory at Texas A&M University. "But three of them ... it's not possible."

Analysis of about 40 other pollen types that were also found indicates that the girl seems to have lived in or at least traveled through coastal regions in Southern California, such as San Diego, Bryant said.

The girl, believed to be about 15 years old, was shot in the forehead beside a country road in Caledonia, N.Y., on Nov. 8, 1979, then was dragged into the field and shot again in the back, police said.

Forensic palynology is used regularly as evidence in criminal trials in Britain, Australia and New Zealand and has helped unlock wartime mass-murder riddles in Bosnia and Hungary. But it has been used fewer than a dozen times by U.S. investigators, said Bryant, one of only two such specialists in the United States.

John York, the first law officer on the scene, has combed through more than 10,000 leads, interviewed two serial killers who claimed responsibility and saturated the South and Southwest with thousands of fliers.

Ottis Toole, a one-time companion of mass murderer Henry Lee Lucas, said he picked up the girl in a park near Philadelphia and was with Lucas when he killed her in Caledonia.

York, sheriff of largely rural Livingston County since 1989, said both men "told me the same thing without knowing what the other said" but that he couldn't confirm the pair, now dead, were involved.

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Murder investigators count on pollen to help solve 1979 case

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To try to identify a teenage girl found slain in a western New York cornfield in 1979, investigators have turned to a pollen-analysis technique rarely used... Share story ROCHESTER, N.Y. - Three grains of pollen might help solve a 27-year-old murder mystery.