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Australia has a total land mass of 7.62 million square km . The population of Australia is approximately 25.7 million

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By far the largest part of Australia is desert semi-arid– 40% of the landmass is covered by sand dunes. A total of 18% of Australia's mainland is desert. Only the south-east and south-west corners have a temperate climate and moderately fertile soil. The northern part of the country has a tropical climate: part is tropical rainforests, part grasslands, and part desert.

Rainfall is highly variable, with frequent droughts lasting several seasons. Occasionally a dust storm will blanket a region or even several states and there are reports of the occasional large tornado. Rising levels of salinity and desertification in some areas is ravaging the landscape.

Australia's tropical/subtropical location and cold waters off the western coast make most of Western Australia a hot desert with aridity, a marked feature of the greater part of the continent. These cold waters produce little moisture needed on the mainland. A 2005 study by Australian and American researchers investigated the desertification of the interior, and suggested that one explanation was related to human settlers who arrived about 50,000 years ago. Regular burning by these settlers could have prevented monsoons from reaching interior Australia. The outback covers 70 precent of the continent.

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Australia in 2019 is the 54th biggest country in the world by population, but surprisingly it’s the 6th largest country by land mass, making the population density 3/km². One of the lowest in the world!  According to World Meter around 85.9% of Australians live in urban areas.

1 | Sydney – New South Wales | 5,230,330 |
2 | Melbourne – Victoria | 4,963,349 |
3 | Brisbane – Queensland | 2,462,637
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4 | Perth – Western Australia | 2,059,484 |
5 | Adelaide – South Australia | 1,345,777
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6 | Gold Coast– Tweed Heads Queensland / New South Wales | 679,127 |
7 | Newcastle – New South Wales | 481,183 |
8 | Canberra – Queanbeyan Australian Capital Territory / New South Wales | 457,563 |
9 | Sunshine Coast – Queensland | 333,436 |
10 | Wollongong – New South Wales | 299,203 |
11 | Geelong – Victoria | 268,277 |
12 | Hobart – Tasmania | 232,606 |
13 | Townsville – Queensland | 180,820 |
14 | Cairns – Queensland | 152,729 |
15 | Darwin – Northern Territory | 148,564

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Link between Population and Climate Change

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Link between Population and Climate Change

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Population growth is also important because it affects the Earth's ability to withstand climate change and absorb emissions, such as through deforestation as land is converted for agricultural use to feed a growing human population.

Further warming of our atmosphere is now almost impossible to avoid. The effects of that warming will depend on how high and how fast the temperature rises. Global warming changes weather patterns, causing severe weather events, heatwaves, droughts and floods. As such, lifestyles of people will also dramatically change. Droughts can cause food and water shortage. Intense heat changes where and how we live.

Humans impact and change landforms creating Climate change. Which then destroys natural landforms, highly impacting the population.

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Climate Influence on Australia's Lifestyle

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Climate Influence on Australia's Lifestyle

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In Australia, one impact of climate change is warming temperatures and increases in the number, duration and severity of heatwaves. This can cause less rainfall, droughts and severe bushfires. We all know the affect of bushfires from last year. Rising sea levels can directly destroy our shorelines and peoples homes.
Australia is already a hot and dry country and it’s expected to generally get hotter and drier without action on climate change. In fact, without action, Australia is expected to warm as much as 5 degrees Celsius. Did you know? Fire season in Australia has become longer and longer since the 1950s. Farmers depend on a steady climate to grow food and raise livestock. The climate crisis makes it increasingly difficult for farmers to grow food for Australia.

Australia is especially vulnerable to the climate crisis, putting all our natural beauty and resources at risk and it’s no wonder, since Australia exports more coal than any other nation on Earth. Infact, in 2015 the Australian Academy of Science warned that  extreme weather events will contribute to the spread of disease and disrupt food and water supplies.

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Brazil is the 5th largest country in the world and has a total land mass of 8.52 million square km. The population of Brazil is 211.7 million. Most people in Brazil speak Portuguese. Brazil is the only country in Latin America that speaks Portuguese.

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This map is displaying the size comparison between Australia and Brazil. Brazil is almost 10 times larger than Australia. 186.2 million fewer people live in Australia.

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Brazil is the 6th largest country by population, 87.6 % of Brazilian population is urban (186,217,070 people in 2020). The population density in Brazil is 25 per Km2. The most populous city in Brazil is Sao Paulo.
Here is a table of population data according to the Worldometer, as of 2020.

1 | Sao Paulo | 10,021,295
2 | Rio de Janeiro | 6,023,699
3 | Salvador | 2,711,840
4 | Fortaleza | 2,400,000
5 | Belo Horizonte | 2,373,224
6 | Brasilia | 2,207,718
7 | Curitiba | 1,718,421
8 | Manaus | 1,598,210
9 | Recife | 1,478,098
10 | Belem | 1,407,737

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Data Chart of Urban Vs Rural population of Brazil. 

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Data Chart of Urban Vs Rural population of Brazil. 

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The climate of Brazil varies due to the varying heights above sea level as well as the proximity to the coast . It also varies region to region due to the the vegetation and animal life. There are four distinct climatic zones.

The Equatorial Zone

An equatorial climate is usually one in which rainforests can be found due to the year-round humidity and precipitation. There is no winter season and no period in which it is particularly dry. Rainfall is usually heavy and frequent all through the year.
The Semi-Arid Zone

These zones receive less rain than they actually need to make up for evaporation, but not so much less that the area becomes a desert. They are the halfway mark between deserts and humid forests. In semi-arid zones, the vegetation includes hardy shrubs and grasses, rather than trees.
The Highland Tropical Zone

This is also called an Oceanic Climate or a Maritime Climate and is found along the coast of Brazil. It is characterised by cool summers and warm winters, although the annual temperature does not vary by significant amounts,  the average temperature must not lower than 18 degrees Celsius
The Subtropical Zone

This zone refers to the areas that are just outside of the formal Tropical Zones. It is hot, but not quite as hot and humid as Tropical areas. Winters are mild to cool, but not cold enough for snow or frost. In Brazil, the Subtropical Zone experiences different levels of rainfall, depending on their elevation above sea level.
The coastal cities of this South American country can get very hot, while those on plateaus usually enjoy milder temperatures and conditions. Northeast Brazil is the driest part of the country, yielding limited vegetation, while the Amazon Basin experiences the highest levels of precipitation and is, therefore, home to an array of fascinating fauna and flora.

Along the Atlantic coast from Recife to Rio de Janeiro, average temperatures range from 23 to 27 °C Rio de Janeiro, Recife, and Salvador on the coast have warm climates, with average temperatures of each month ranging from 23 to 27 °C, but enjoy constant trade winds.

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Effect of Climate on Brazilian Population

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Effect of Climate on Brazilian Population

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Did you know? Between 2012 and 2015, Brazil experienced one of the worst droughts in its history. The cause was a combination of natural and human-made disasters —including climate change, environmental degradation.
This caused a shortage of clean drinking water. Lack of freshwater which is needed by agriculture, leads to expensive foods and health concerns.

Another example of climate affecting population is: on the old seaside resort of Atafona on the coast of Rio de Janeiro, the Atlantic Ocean has been destroying streets, houses and businesses for more than 50 years, claiming at least 500 buildings.
The dam on the Paraíba do Sul River and destruction of forests along its banks are factors  which have allowed the sea to advance up the mouth of the river where Atafona is located. Hence, According to the International Organization for Migration, environmental impacts have displaced 295,000 people in Brazil in 2019.

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In Brazil, there are ways in which climate change will potentially impact four key sectors in the country: ecosystems, agriculture, tourism, and health.

The impacts of climate change in Brazil, which harbours nearly 60% of the Amazon, vary significantly and are vast: higher temperatures may change the range and distribution of temperature sensitive species, increased severity of drought can greatly affect the Amazon’s freshwater ecosystems and the people that rely on them, change in rainfall and temperature could impact the spread of disease, and sea level rise and storm surge will have substantial impacts on lowland areas of the Amazon.

Coupled with deforestation and environmental degradation, these impacts greatly threaten both the Amazon’s natural resources as well as tourism to the region. Climate variability and change also threaten agriculture in Brazil. Should climate impacts decrease agricultural production, Brazil’s food insecurity could increase, as could pressure from farmers on the Amazon’s land and resources.
Another effect of Climate in Brazil was the health effects caused by the Bushfires in 2019 and this year. Did you know there were 76,000 fires in Brazil last year. Fires resulting from unchecked deforestation are poisoning the air millions of people breathe, affecting health throughout the Brazilian Amazon. This is one example of how climate is effecting the general lifestyle of people in Brazil

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Landforms comparison. Australian Vs Brazil

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Daintree rainforest and amazon rainforest

These two landmarks of brazil and australia are rainforests. They both are humongous, although the amazon rainforest is a lot bigger. The amazon covers 5.5 million square km, while the daintree rainforest covers only 1200 square kilometres. Even though the amazon is a lot bigger the daintree rainforest attracts way more tourists then the amazon.

Uluru and Pantanal

Uluru and Pantanal are almost complete opposites. Uluru being a desert area while pantanal being a wetland. Despite the fact that they are different they do  not share similarities. They are both very culturally significant to those who inhabit the land.

Cradle Mountain and Guiana highlands

Cradle mountain and Guiana highlands share an even split on differences and similarities. They both do Stretch high above the surface, but the Guiana highlands is more of a plateau. The difference is that a plateau has a flat top, while a mountain does not

Brazilian highlands and the bungle bungle

After close observation, these two landmarks also show an even split on the differences. Brazilian highlands again being mainly of plateaus, While the bungle bungle has hills surrounded by the outback and with curves.

Mato Grosso and three sisters

The main difference between these two landmarks is that The three sisters are basically a rock formation that goes above the surface, while the mato grosso. As Mato grosso goes beneath, It is popular in terms of mining while the three sisters are mainly just a tourist attraction. They both have significant cultural value.

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So how can we contribute to sustainability? What even is sustainability? Sustainability is avoidance of the depletion of natural resources in order to maintain an ecological balance. In other words, it is to maintain the survival of our earth and not to deplete its natural resources.

How can we act on Climate Change:
Less deforestation - we heard the damage deforestation can have.
Less Mining: Less Mining our mining of coal is directly making our planet hotter
Climate Action: Asking our government to take climate action and reduce carbon emissions. and use Sustainable energy: like solar and wind farms.

What can we do in our daily lives?
Reduce household energy use.
Plant seeds.
Reduce, reuse, and Recycle.
Save water.
Rely less on your car. Walk more.

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If I Lived in Brazil, compared to Australia

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If I Lived in Brazil, compared to Australia

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If I Lived in Brazil compared to Australia