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There are rehabilitation programmes which are widely available to victims of sex trafficking who have survived their ordeal. However, not all sufferers wish to be saved. Based on observations and interviews, in India and Nepal, people willingly return to the sex industry or even become traffickers themselves.

Furthermore, while it is considered to be imperative that survivors should receive support and be part of rehabilitation programmes, there is a fine line between providing guidance and making the victims dependant. Rehabilitation can provide many concerns and criticisms for others looking in; institutions fail to look into the social and psychological issues that the victims may be suffering from, survivors also failed to participate as they may have been afraid to do so. Because of these previous issues, India and Nepal has taken this into account and have aimed to make rehabilitation programmes shift to be more empowering and are aiming to educate the girls in things involving gender violence and child labour (Locke, 2010).

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Trafficking issues in different countries

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Trafficking issues in different countries

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Africa
In Africa, the most common forms of trafficking are forced labour and forced marriage. As well as this, Africa accounts for '8% of child sex trafficking in the world' (ASEC, 2020).
The main explanation for these forms of trafficking in Africa, especially forced labour is due to a 'poor economy, violent conflict and humanitarian and environmental crisis (ASEC, 2020). Comparing this to another Less Economically Developed Country (LEDC) such as India shows a trend in forms of trafficking, especially within the exploitation of women. In India many women and girls are sold for marriage and end up in the sex trafficking trade. Within Africa, forced marriage is also one of the highest categories for exploitation as well as child sex trafficking.

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Trafficking issues in different countries

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Trafficking issues in different countries

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Europe
Within Europe, the most common form of trafficking is for sexual labour and exploitation (Bąkowski, 2014). According to this graph the 2nd most common form of trafficking in Europe is for labour  and only a few percent is left for other categories. This means that like India, sexual exploitation is very common within Europe to.

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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs highlights the importance of people’s needs being met so they can reach their optimum wellness. The bottom two tiers focus on basic needs such as safety and food. The middle tiers are more to do with psychological needs such as belongingness and love, whilst the top tier is about self-actualisation (Maslow 1943). Many victims of sex trafficking in India lack housing, safety, food and financial security- all of which are in the two bottom tiers of the hierarchy of needs. Traffickers often offer these to victims of trafficking which provides them security, making it difficult to leave the situation (Hopper 2016). On some occasions traffickers also meet psychological needs, such as intimate relationships and friendships (Reed et al 2019).

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When analysing why sex trafficking occurs in India, it can be explained by the ‘Conflict Theory’, created by Karl Marx and Freidrich Engels in the 19th century. Its ideas are based around the assumption that humans are self-interested and competitive, leading them to be constantly in conflict with each other over wealth and the limited resources available. It says that the wealthier classes maintain power over minority groups by letting them believe that the advancement of one group will lead to their downfall, meaning they are constantly in competition with each other. In addition to this, it says that social order is kept through coercion of the oppressed by the powerful classes (Meshelemiah & Lynch 2019). The reason this theory explains sex trafficking in India is because of its focus on ‘coercion’, which is a key term when identifying acts of human trafficking. Many women and children are promised opportunities such as education, good jobs and citizenships in a foreign country. The most common tactic of coercion is ‘debt bondage’. This is when the victim pledges their personal services to repay a debt to someone, usually for transportation to a new destination or living expenses (Hodge 2008). Another reason it explains sex trafficking is its focus on the poor and their constant struggle for wealth and resources. Interviews with sex workers in India have found that despite these women often being kidnapped and trafficked as children, they still choose to carry on being a sex worker in adulthood due to financial hardship. For many, the earnings they gain allow them to support themselves and their children back at their home villages (NPR 2017). This is a key example of individuals living in poorer circumstances being involved in this conflict, having to do what they can to have a chance of surviving in their climate.

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There are many psychological and physical health risks which are experienced by victims of trafficking. The work environment is dangerous and unsanitary. Women are exposed to dangerous substances and there is a lack of protective resources which causes a greater risk of STI's. The regular physical and mental abuse is traumatic and can lead to life long mental issues.

HIV
Sex trafficking has a direct link to a large spread in HIV/aids and also a mutation of the disease. There are over 5 million people in South Asia have HIV/ aids, with 90% of these living in India. India is one of the largest HIV positive populations in the world, with South Africa being the largest (Huda 2006). These alarming numbers show the severity of HIV in India, and many of the people who have it are women and children who are trafficked for sex purposes. Over 60% of those trafficked in India for sex work are adolescent girls aged just 12-16 (UNDP 2005 cited by Huda 2006). There is a common myth in South Asia that having sex with a virgin can cure STI's and HIV, which shows why there is such a demand for young girls to be trafficked (Huda 2006)

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Detection rates of trafficked persons by sex, 2005-2016 (Migration Data Portal)

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Detection rates of trafficked persons by sex, 2005-2016 (Migration Data Portal)

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This graph supports data already displayed on this page that the majority of victims of sec trafficking are women and girls.

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Trafficked persons by sex_24 Jan 2018-01

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This graph shows the trend of human trafficking over the past 10 years between 2005-2014. It shows that trafficking was at an all time high in 2005 and then on the decline until 2009. From then onwards it shows a steady increase in cases until 2013 and then a steep rise across 2014 (National Crime Records Bureau, cited by Mallapur, 2015). Statistics can't show trends accurately on this topic as there is a major dark figure of the crime as it mainly goes undetected, but we can gather a basis of information on that time around the data we have.

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A kidnapping case of a 12 year old girl
A 12 year old girl kidnapped whilst collecting water. She was transported 'hundreds of miles away' ( Varsha, 2018) for prostitution work. Sadly this is the reality for many young girls and women worldwide, being more common in a Less Economically Developed Country such as India.

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Critique of research in Human Trafficking

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Critique of research in Human Trafficking

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The social problem of trafficking throughout India is very challenging to research and measure. This consists of individuals being exploited through methods which are out of victims control with the ability to report it becomes redistricted. As well as this the availability to correctly prosecute and punish those manipulating and constructing trafficking as it occurs comes with challenges. Specifically to India, bribes, financially and socially, it is common for police to let traffickers to get away with illegitimate activities which involves exploitation of vulnerable individuals through trafficking in different ways. From this, if those being trafficked are identified, the availability to protect them in the long term is recognised to be problematic and frequently impossible for law enforcement to maintain and do so effectively.

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Throughout India, sex trafficking is recognised to be a significant way in which vulnerable individuals are exploited. Research displays that 51.9% of sex trafficking victims were done so as minors and 59.7% were trafficked by people they knew (Silverman et al., 2007). Due to the inequality which females suffer throughout India, it enhances their risk to sex trafficking.

Girls disappear from the streets and are sold as a slaves, with traffickers making over £32billion dollars a year worldwide (Stolen Innocence India’s Untold Story of Human Trafficking, 2019). Specifically, India the issue around a mass population, men commonly resort to brothels for sexual satisfaction (Stolen Innocence India’s Untold Story of Human Trafficking, 2019). This high demand is met by violating females who throughout India, are vulnerable and in result get trafficked for sexual purposes. It is common for females to be tricked into this trade, stating they would be doing labour jobs or domestic work, however when in the situation get exposed to sex work when it is out of their control. In contrast to, throughout India it is common for unregulated work to attract potential workers through false promises in relation to employment, and instead are put into sex trafficking, forced labour and domestic servitude (Refugees, 2020). The mass amount of tourism which India is exposed to, facilitates the continuous demand for prostitution and desire for more and more men’s sexual desires to be met by vulnerable females at a very low price. In contemporary society, the growth of media has created a new way for trafficking to occur, through the use of websites, apps and online money transfers (Refugees, 2020). This has allowed trafficking to grow on a global scale, enhancing ease and access to those being sexually trafficked.

Efforts have been attempted within India in attempt to remove or at least reduce the amount of trafficking incidents which are taking place. Some examples of this is sheltered programs for females and child trafficked victims, also the government inter-ministerial committee attempting to construct an anti-trafficking bill (Refugees, 2020, which raised awareness of human trafficking activities for individuals throughout society, specifically bored communities. However, reviewing these the implementation was inadequate and done so at a poor quality, this is evident when comparing the low number of investigations, prosecutions and convictions which occurred in relation to trafficking incidents, in comparison to the scale of trafficking which is evident throughout India. Displaying the issue to still exist, having detrimental effects in India.

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World Day Against Trafficking in Persons

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World Day Against Trafficking in Persons

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"On this World Day against Trafficking in Persons, let us reaffirm our commitment to stop criminals from ruthlessly exploiting people for profit and to help victims rebuild their lives." -- UN Secretary-General António Guterres (Undated). This day is designated to the 30th July every year.The aim of this day is to educate the world on this issue and raise awareness to try and help/support.

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Forms of Trafficking in India: Labour Exploitation

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Forms of Trafficking in India: Labour Exploitation

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This consists of individuals being forced to work with little or no money, commonly with the threat of punishment upon them. Consisting of violence, intimidation, added up debt, holding of identity documents and/or threat of exposure to immigration authorities (Stop The Traffik, 2020). Labour exploitation within India is recognised to occur in a range of sectors: manufacturing, factory work, hospitality, construction, agriculture, fishing, car washes and nail bars (Stop The Traffik, 2020.) Displaying the mass scale in which exploitation of trafficked victims occurs through labour. Due to the detrimental and damaging working conditions which exist throughout India, it is common for individuals to look elsewhere for work, under the belief of better opportunities, personally in association to their right but also financially. However this is not always the case. It is common for trafficked victims to get exposed to poor working condition and very low pay, due to their vulnerable position which they are in. Leaving them with a lack of availability to escape and remove themselves from the situation.

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Forms of Trafficking in India: Domestically

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Forms of Trafficking in India: Domestically

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Trafficking is a key contribution to individuals being exploited for domestic work. This involves them being someone who working within their employers home, carrying out a range of designated task. However this becomes exploitative when the workers access to certain movements and actions become restricted, meaning they are forced to work long hours with little/no pay. In this area it is common for workers to also be suffering physical and sexual abuse. This can occur in a private home but also in the community (Stop The Traffik, 2020). It is common for unskilled or semi-skilled, to become attracted to job roles which offer the opportunity of good pay (Trafficked, exploited, ransomed - Indian workers in the Gulf face new test, 2020).

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Forms of Trafficking in India: Sex trafficking

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Forms of Trafficking in India: Sex trafficking

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This was the original form in which trafficking occurred throughout the world, specifically in India, with 80% of trafficked individuals ending up in forced sex work (Joffres, C. 2008) This consists of ‘someone being deceived, coerced or forced to take part in sexual activity’ (Stop The Traffik, 2020). This can occur in brothels, escort agencies, through forced marriage, pole/lap dancing, performing on web cams, sex through phone lines, internet chat rooms, pornography, mail ordering brides and sex tourism (Stop The Traffik, 2020). Specially focusing on sex tourism, which involves sexual exploitation of individuals but done so by international’s and Indian tourists (Joffres, C. 2008). This form of sexual exploitation is commonly associated to street children (EPCAT, 2003). Evidence shows that sex tourism is evident to occur in the ‘pink triangle’ consisting of Agra-Dehli-Jaipur belt, as well as the south and south-west India (which consist of tourist hotspots such as Gokarna, Karwara and Cochin). Sadly this form of trafficking has been recognised to be ‘commonly facilitated by travel agencies, tour operators and hotels’ (International Labour Oragnization, 2006). This displays an example of how sex trafficking which does occur in India, would be challenging to tackle due to it being supported by industries which should be trusted.

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Marriage:

Specially marriage in India comes with specific terms and conditions brides have to adopt. The expectation around females having to migrate to her in-laws place of residence, with evidence presenting that 49.35% people shifting residence due to marriage in 2011 (Bala, 2017).

Employment

Throughout India it is recognised that rural areas lack availability of resources like industries, trade, transport and services. In result of this a large amount of the population look to other locations for possibility of employment which could provide a financial income. As a result individuals will commonly turn to migration in the belief of a ‘better life’ and ‘better financial prospects’ not recognising the exploitation which could come with it. This is evident as research presents that 10.22% of migrants in 2011, migrated for employment (Census of India, 2011)

Education

Throughout India, educational resources are limited, therefore its common for individuals to  choose to relocate in hope for better educational achievements and knowledge. As evident in research which displays 1.77% of people migrated for educational desires (Census of India, 2011). Specifically females access to education throughout India is restricted, this is due to lack of gender rights. Therefore women in India become less educated, resulting in lower or no educational achievements. In the long term affecting the availability to participate in job roles, restricting potential financial income.

Lack of security

Globally this is recognised to be a key contributing factor to why migration happens world wide. When political and interethnical issues and conflicts occur is commonly drives people away from their country of origin (Bala, 2017). In result of this people look for other places to live, which is made possible through migration, which them deem ‘safer’ or ‘less hostile’, which initially could be in the short term remove the issues from their everyday life. However in the long term, specifically to India, it may result in them gaining jobs, constructing relationships and preferring life in other geographical locations, creating a desire to live somewhere else. This is due to the increase in opportunities in which the new location can provide for individuals (Bala, 2017).

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Stolen Innocence India's Untold Story of Human Trafficking (Documentary)

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Migration flow refers to a place of birth differing to the place of residence or enumeration. Throughout India, long term migration exists, which consists of individuals or households being relocated through back and forth movement between a source and a destination. Evidence displays that in 2011 5.65 million people were migrated annually, rising from 2.4% between 1991-2001 to 4.5% from 2001-2011, showing the significant increase of individuals choosing to migrate. Specifically to India, 37% of the population are recognised to be migrants, 80% being males (Srivastva, 2011). Developing this, the Northern Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, were recorded to have the highest rural population, with 18.6% living in villages (2011). Critically analysing this, it is questioned what causes migration to occur more so in certain locations than others. The key causes are recognised to be: urbanisation, marriage, employment, education and lack of existing security.

All these issues existing more so in certain countries than others, encourages a migration flow of individuals form deprived rural areas, which result in, especially women, turning to jobs and roles which offer potentially better financial opportunities. This is made believable to be possible through migration, which is actually commonly done so being out of their control, providing an opportunity for traffickers to expose them and personally make a larger financial income. This is done so at the expense of the victims, mainly women and children, who become vulnerable and feel the social pressures to take any financial opportunity they can get.

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Trafficking consists of exploitation, and if defined by the United Nations consists of ‘the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another’ (United Nations, 2017). Throughout the world there is varying factors which is recognised to be the root of trafficking. A foundation which is recognised to be a significant cause of trafficking throughout the world is the lack of human rights (10 Causes of Human Trafficking, Human Rights Careers, 2020) in which several individuals suffer. In result of this they become exposed and violated through means of work which exposes and violates their basic human rights. A key source of trafficking is the economic situation of the country which they live in. For example, throughout India the economic deprivation, causes poverty amongst residents, resulting in trafficking being an economic opportunity, especially for traffickers. Furthermore, extreme poverty in certain locations can be avoided by moving to less deprived locations/countries. This can be made possible through trafficking (Toolkit to Combat Trafficking in Persons, 2003), leading to those vulnerable in societies such as women and children to be exposed to careers such as trafficking. Also, the demand in certain areas, especially India, being a deprived location, for cheap labour and cheap sex, leads to vulnerable members of society being exposed to these types of jobs. Specifically, in some societies, resources come sparse such as education. In result of this vulnerable individuals turn to career opportunities such as trafficking which requires low educational achievement.

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Indian Census 2011 estimates the number of internal migrants at 139 million. The major source states are: Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Jammu and Kashmir and West Bengal.
The major destination states are: Delhi, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala (Sharma, 2017).

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Another way women and children are sex trafficked is through arranged/ forced marriages. It is reported that women and girls from poor backgrounds are forced into marriages with men from urban areas and then made to participate into sex work once they are married (Bhalla, N, 2017). In some cases the 'husband' shames the family and tells them the 'bride' has run away, so they are not reported missing but realistically they have been sold into this sex trade (Ghosh, A 2015). It is highly likely that these traffickers will get away with this within India as it is a very poor country in most areas and the likelihood of the victims family being able to challenge the richer trafficker is low.

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Sadly, victims of sex trafficking are discriminated against after being rescued. However, the Thomson Reuters Foundation (2018),  has come up with a campaign for these victims to speak out against their abuse and talk about their personal experiences in the hope that discrimination will reduce.

The campaign involved a four-part video which included voice recordings from women in different brothels in cities in India. This meant that people could listen to an honest insight into the real lives of victims of sex work and trafficking.

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'Migration means the movement by people from one place to another with an objective in mind' (Sanyal, Tanmay & Deb, Himika, 2017).

There are many reasons for migration within India and according to the Indian Census, the main reason is for work/employment (Government of India, 2001).
With India being a less economically developed country, many individuals may feel the need to migrate
to new areas of the country for better opportunities and a higher quality of life. Within this, women and children provide an easy opportunity for traffickers to exploit them, which is an explanation as to why approximately '80% of human trafficking in India
is done for sexual exploitation' (Watson, 2018). An example of this is based upon recent survivor interviews in West Bengal. They indicated that the majority of the victims knew their recruiters and were lured with the promise of a good job but then lured into sex work (International Justice Mission, 2017).

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Current legislations in India and their effects

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Current legislations in India and their effects

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The government and police force in India have proven to be corrupt based on the high figures of failed prosecutions of traffickers. To allow poverty, sexual exploitation, violence and human trafficking to be prevented, the Immoral Trafficking Prevention Act, the Bonded Labour Abolition Act, the Child Labour Act and the Juvenile Justice Acts were introduced to force people in India to change their attitudes and actions. Unfortunately, because of their strong unity and previous cultures against women, there has been a lack of improvement in their communities. Humanity needs to be reformed and the harmful patriarchal culture needs to be stopped (Human Trafficking in India, 2019)

Alternatively, as Burrows (2005) suggested, not all legislations work in the victims favour. The Suppression of Immoral Traffic in Women and Girls Act 1956, had an aim to protect innocent people involved in trafficking and remove trafficking itself from India. However, this act also allows women to be arrested when they are working as prostitutes which defeated the point of supporting women in society. It also allows for confusion between women who are actually being forced to be sex workers and those who are doing it voluntarily, which prevents victims from being helped and they could be falsely accused.

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Reliability of Statistics- Lack of Reporting

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Reliability of Statistics- Lack of Reporting

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The rates of sex trafficking in India are difficult to comprehend due to the lack of victims who report it. This is due to a number of reasons, one being them fearing the alternative. The majority of these individuals come from poor backgrounds that have little prospects, making them reluctant to return. In some circumstances, their families at their home country were the ones who sold them to traffickers and as a result believe the same cycle would repeat if they left.

Victims trafficked to international countries often fear the authorities due to the majority of them being illegal immigrants, meaning they do not report their situation as they are concerned of being punished themselves. In addition to this, many fear police officers being corrupt and being involved in the organisation they are trapped in. In India, this is  very regular occurrence. This increases the risk of reporting as there is a chance they could tell the person who is trafficking them, leading them to getting into trouble.

Lastly, it has been found in some cases that victims may suffer from Stockholm Syndrome. This is when they feel highly dependent on their captors in all capacities, including emotionally and psychologically. This largely decreases the chances of them reporting these individuals to the authorities, as they would not want them to get intro trouble (Holmes 2010).

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Legislation tends to disempower women by limiting their mobility within and across boarders. This is because there is a need to protect women however, this then puts women at a higher risk of getting trafficked as they are limited to where they can go. Instead, legislation should allow women to move freely but safely. Sex trafficking is also perceived as worse than other types of trafficking and this is shown in laws (Hepburn and Simon 2013), however all forms of trafficking should be treated as bad as each other. This may also be a problem because statistics may show that sex trafficking is a lot higher than other forms of trafficking, causing unreliable statistics.

There are many reasons as to why people are trafficked but it is usually down to push and pull factors (such as promises of jobs and a better life), however these factors does not change the fact that someone has been trafficked (Huda 2006).

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Due to the nature of human trafficking, it is difficult to measure the extent of the crime. There are many different estimations to go off. It is estimated that around 1-2 million men, women and children are trafficked globally, and around 225,000 are from South Asia. Estimate also show that over the last 30 years, trafficking for sexual exploitation alone saw 30 million women and children just from South Asia (Huda 2006).  As India is a source, transit and destination country, it means that it is more likely to have trafficking victims.

Trafficking humans, especially women and children, has become a rising concern in India (Gupta 2003) and has developed in such a way that it is present in almost every  state in India (Sarkar 2014). This source contradicts that of the first source as it says that there are 2 million women and children alone who are trapped in the red light district.

India is known for its arranged marriages, however many brides are trafficked or kidnapped. Human rights groups estimate that around 100,000 women are trafficked as part of the bride-buying trade every year (Kelkar 2014 cited by Sarkar 2014).

Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh is a state in India which accounts for 10% of all human trafficking in India. It is the second state in the country for the most amount of women being trafficked for sexual exploitation, which was reported by the National Crime Records Bureau 2018 (Bommakanti 2020). Conviction rates in this state are only 11.4%, with 484 of those accused being acquitted. This allows for more women to be trafficked as the perpetrators know they are unlikely to be caught. In Andhra Pradesh, the market value of girls reduces after the girls hit puberty (Joffres et al 2008). This could be because the girls are seen as 'less pure' and more likely to have HIV.

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India is known for being the ‘world’s largest democratic republic’. It is filled with extensive amounts of poverty which is widespread and also affects the lack of education people receive. This coincides with the fact that India has a widely patriarchal society; the lack of knowledge in their communities means that women are still regarded as inferior to men hence the reason why trafficking amongst women isn't seen as an issue in India as their specific purpose is to serve men and look after their needs.

Furthermore India is also a hot spot for women and girls from neighbouring countries who are moved for sex exploitation, therefore this is a source transit and destination country for human trafficking (Human Trafficking in India, 2019). This source was useful was specifically useful when helping to find more about the background of India and how it impacts human trafficking, it was written in 2019 therefore it is based on up to date information.

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Throughout India a large amount of trafficking exists in many different forms. Mainly sexually, domestically and through labour exploitation. It also occurs through forced marriages, forced criminality, child soldiers and organ harvesting (Stop The Traffik, 2020). All are very different yet all as detrimental as another. Historically prostitution was the main form in which trafficking existed, however now it has developed and occurs in a range of ways (Najar, J. 2014)

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Throughout India, women suffer from discrimination purely because of their gender, which is said to be a 'norm' throughout their country . As a result of this women commonly fall victim to sex trafficking, due to their restriction to education reducing earning potential and literacy skill, with  they are forced into job roles restricting power and independence (Dianova International. International NGO., 2020).  Also the poverty which exists throughout India and the pressure for women to provide for their families, making them vulnerable to sex trafficking (Thelwell, 2020).

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Location wise Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Odisha are common areas for trafficking to occur. With 22% being sexually exploitation and prostitution, 4,980 reportedly being children (National Crime Records Bureau, 2016). Research conducted by MARG (Mankind in Action for Rural Growth) recognises north-eastern India to be vulnerable to human trafficking to areas such as Dehli, Maharashtra, Haryana and Punjab predominantly for forced marriages and prostitutions. Location wise, West Bengal has been recognised to be a key area in which agents are based, and go on to traffic women and children to locations such as Middle East, forcing them to conduct forced labour (Unodc.org. 2020).

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Trafficking is the movement of individuals from one place to another through force, coercion or deception, for economic and/or sexual exploitation (Ghosh, 2009). Throughout India exists in a range of ways, mainly amongst women and young girls.

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Mythodological degradation of Hindu Women in India

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Mythodological degradation of Hindu Women in India

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Myths and mythologies have become a large part of the degradation of women in India and has increased Indian masculinity. Based on society’s new found attitudes towards women, there have been many evil social customs that have forced the equality of India to fall.
The ideal characteristics of women in India includes fidelity and chastity, this has caused them to develop a servitude attitude. Men are expected to be perceived as God's by their wives and care for their every needs, for example rub her husbands feet and stand up before him.

The male population of India have never had a set perception of women in society. In some ways they view women as goddess's who should be worshipped, like Shaki. Alternatively, they could be seen as untrustworthy and should always be compliant towards men. Furthermore, there are myths used to support the glorification of prostitution amongst women. 'The unexplained practice of collecting soil from sex workers houses to prepare Durga idols for Navrathri puja as a religious practice is another way to promote prostitution in India.' (Jayan and Sankaranarayanan, 2017)

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Possible solutions & interventions- Corrupt Police

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Possible solutions & interventions- Corrupt Police

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In India, one of the main obstacles to stopping sex trafficking is police corruption. The term 'corruption' has been defined as as a force  ‘undermining the institutions and values of democracy, ethical values and justice and jeopardising sustainable development and the rule of law' (United Nations Convention Against Corruption 2005). It has been discovered that these corrupted police officers often discover child sex trafficking in brothels, however they choose to take bribes from brothel owners rather than rescuing the victims (Harlan 2011). A survey conducted in Delhi discovered that the police authorities take approximately 20% of the fee customers pay to brothel owners for each session (Pandya & Pandya 2011).  Research has shown that there is a strong correlation between trafficking and corruption; countries with higher levels of institutional corruption are more likely to have higher levels of human trafficking (Zhang & Pineda 2008).  To reduce the rates of sex trafficking in India, it is important that the efficiency of policing improves and that this exploitative system is eradicated.