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By Ernest Hemingway

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Those looking for a happiness and a purpose in life should look past what is immediately in front and instead look ahead.

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Jake is an observer of a character. He tends to not take action and instead chooses to poke with a 10 feet stick, observing from a distance. He is the only stable support for Brett's nonstop life. He acts for others, weather that be collect the worms for fishing, or providing Brett a shoulder to lean on.The readers only know what he is thinking since the story is in 1st person point of view.

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Brett is a flashy and confident character. She is the opposite of Jake, who is a calm and timid character. This causes for multiple folds throughout the story. The readers are unable to determine Brett's thoughts. She causes for all men around her to go mad. Prime examples include Cohn, who is love struck, Mike, who is defensive of her, and Jake, who is the best at hiding his feelings for her in the presence of others. Everything she does is done in a flamboyant way. She is "curvy."

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“I can’t stand it to think my life is going so fast and I’m not really living it. Nobody ever lives their life all the way up except bull-fighters.”

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Both Cohn and Jake said this when thinking about going on an adventure in chapter 2. This quote ties into the theme of the story about how contemporary joys can be the demise of true, long term happiness. Cohn is experiencing this because he has not experienced true happiness, only temporary satisfaction via the extensive usage of alcohol, and because of this, his life is slipping from his fingertips. Jake foreshadows their trip to the fiestas of Spain and the bullfighter Romero. “Bull-fighters” also represent something less literal. Bullfighters are people who constantly put themselves at risk of harm. In this quote, they represent true lovers. Unlike people who drink to forget that they do not have a purpose, lovers drink to celebrate the fact that they have a purpose. This purpose is what allows the bullfighter Romero to truly live. Although he and Brett did not end up together, he took the risk and Brett did as well. He did not live his life because of the risks he took while bullfighting, but the courage he gained by bullfighting. 

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This image goes hand in hand with the theme of the story. The characters are looking for a way out of their seemingly miserable lives, and alcohol provides them it.

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“I don't want to go through that hell again”

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Although the two of them prove that they have feelings for one another, with Brett saying that she “turns to jelly” whenever Jake touches her, and Jake pushing them to try again, they mutually agree not to. Although the quote implies otherwise, Brett and Jake still have feelings for one another. The only thing stopping them is Jake. Brett needed a fulfilling sexual relationship to be in one with another man. After the war, Jake could not provide. This ties into the theme of the story, since the generation, that this was written about valued two things, sex and alcohol. The quote states how Brett doesn't want to go through hell again. Hell, a representation of a dark and evil place implies that they had a toxic relationship. Instead of trying once more to try and make a long-lasting relationship, they turn to alcohol, and other contemporary joys, which again, is part of the theme. The theme of The Sun Also Rises is how long term happiness can be destroyed by the short contemporary joys that one may have. Not only is this the theme of the story itself, but it was the lesson humans learned after the Great War. It was a time of economic prosperity, but under it, there were people lacking purpose. These people eventually turned to the short term pleasures of life, unmotivated to seek something more.

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Throughout the story, it is hinted that Jake questions his masculinity. Sex is also what prevented the two protagonists from being with one another.

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“Caffeine puts a man on her horse and a woman in his grave”

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Coffee is a stimulating drug. It raises people’s energy level and endurance. The rise of energy level is symbolized by putting the man on the woman’s horse. The endurance is symbolized by how he lives longer. It is “his” grave because this is when he was supposed to die down. It literally means dies, but in “coffee” terms, it is when he would have lasted without coffee. Although caffeine is used in the quote, a more accurate substance would be wine or all alcohol in general. Once again this ties into the theme of contemporary joys of life. Based off of how often the characters in the story drink, it seems like each of them depend on it. Alcohol is the thing of keeping the characters going. Without it, they would be the ones in the graves. “Horse” is also a symbol for something, the woman’s “love.” This is once again after the Great War, meaning that everything was in the moment and the future was pushed away. The caffeine, or alcohol based on the story, numbs the user of fear and he approaches the woman in hopes of earning their contemporary love. A horse is not the only form of symbolism, a woman is as well. A woman, at least during history, was used simply for … love. Woman in this quote stands for love. The alcohol not only gets the two together but also tears them apart, leaving the love that they had for one another in a grave.

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The bullfighter is the personification of risk. In the story, it takes a literal meaning, in forms such as Romero. However, it also represents a lover. The lover is taking a risk of not only attempting to make a relationship, but also maintaining it.

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“ the grass was short form the sheep grazing”

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Most authors have a certain way of writing. Although their methods differ, they all seek the same thing. They want to immerse the reader into their made-up world. Most use dialogue to do so, others use emotions. Hemingway uses imagery and the reader’s imagination to immerse them. By paying attention to even the most minute detail, each description of the location allows the reader to step into the world. Hemingway flips the system of dialogue and description around, with the dialogue now being the white spaces in between paragraphs of description, used as a transition. This also fits well with Jake’s personality as a whole. Jake is an observer of a story, not the doer. This was shown at the beginning of the story, where he chooses to start off with someone other than himself. He prefers to watch the show from a safe distance. Over time, it is obvious how he would have a keen eye for detail, something that this shows. In some ways, this can also tie into the theme. Another theme of the story is how men can question their masculinity. In history, it is thought of that men are brutes that see the picture as a whole with no attention to detail, while women pay attention to even the most minute things. Jake, after the war, suffers from not being able to have sex, harming his masculinity. He constantly questions this part of him, and both his thought process and injury add to the weights against it.

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“Darling, please stay by me. Please stay by me and see me through this”

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At the beginning of the story, Brett was intimidated by Jake's presence, considering their previous relationship. Soon after she says this, she also states how she has feelings for the bullfighter Romero. This might be an allusion to the ever so popular Romeo and Juliet, considering that the two names are so similar. Brett met Romero, and in a matter of days, she claims she fell in love with him, similarly to how Juliet did for Romeo. The themes of the two stories are the same, with Romeo and Juliet about living life at a moderate pace, and The Sun Also Rises about the problems with a contemporary, impulsive life of sex and alcohol. This quote ties into the story’s theme by it showing how much the contemporary lifestyle of the 20s affected Brett. Brett expects Jake to be along for the ride, and when Jake wants to take their relationship to new heights, Brett turns away. She does this because she is not looking for something for the future, she wants something now. Hemingway states “stay by me” multiple times throughout this quote in order to emphasize it. Brett wanted Jake to stick with her until the bitter end, without even considering what Jake wanted to do. Unlike the other men in the story, Jake stayed by Brett the whole time, but since he can not provide her with successful sex life, she turns away from him. Brett also uses words such as “darling” to refer to Jake. This word does not have a particularly bad connotation, but it does tell the audience how she feels about him. Words such as darling are used for children. Since Jake cannot offer what Brett wants, she sees him as a child who is unable to do such a thing.