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Not using the metric system can affect Science, because if people want to become scientists, or science teachers will end up having to learn the metric system. This is because all scientists have to be solid on using the metric system.

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The metric system is a system of measurement based off of 10s and the customary system is harder to convert because there are no multiples of ten. almost all countries use the metric system so it helps students and teachers understand each other.
link: https://sciencing.com/advantages-disadvantages-using-metric-system-5846353.html

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the metric system allow you to convert units by changing the decimals to a new place value. which that's harder then the u.s system. fractions are easier to use with the system it allows you to have easier conversations. it's easier to use the non decimals with the u.s and its easier to use

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In 2010, NIST passed the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act which would allow manufacturers to use the metric system in packaging. Then two years later in 2012, The eve of 2013, a petition was created to adopt the metric system, and finally in 2013 Karl Rhoads introduced Bill HB36 that would make the metric system mandatory in the state of Hawaii.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metrication_in_the_United_States

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The metric system can not always be easy for people to use for example when you are weighing apples at a store the metric system can be off by some ways. Since it is designed to have as little units as possible. So when you are weighing apples you have two options grams and kilograms grams are small and kilograms are quite large. You don't have an option to use something in between those too.https://www.anacreofpints.com/pros-cons-metric-system/ The imperial system is to ingrained with us to change to the metric system now. While analyzing if we should change to the metric system we learned that most schools already use the metric system in their Science and Math programs then when they use the imperial system they understand that as well making it so that students can understand both imperial and metric systems.https://www.chsglobe.com/36929/commentary/pro-con-the-metric-system/

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The French are actually responsible for creating the metric system. They  have been credited a lot for creating the metric system. Gabriel Mouton was the main founder of the metric system, but other french citizens helped add on. They adopted the system in 1797, but after over a century people were question its purposes. The people were not using the system and Gabriel then also started to question the intents. But the metric system is still used now in science class mostly, but other places too.  The system was designed to be simple, so in all there only 7 base units in the system.

LINK:
https://www.metricmetal.com/history-of-the-metric-system/

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Though converting to the metric system might have some benefits for children starting school when the change happens, there are countless students who have already been taught U.S. Customary. For students in higher grades, it might be hard to relearn all measurements. Even for adults, who sometimes use the metric system, it could cause potential problems in the business world. Also, The metric system does not work well with fractions, so teaching methods would have to change. But if we began using the metric system, conversions would be simple, and the prefixes help identify each unit. The U.S would finally be able to better communicate scientifically with the rest of the world.
https://sciencing.com/advantages-disadvantages-using-metric-system-5846353.html

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article: The metric system, the United States of America, and Scientific literacy.

When people aren't aware of how to use the metric system it may turn them aganist Science and technology

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The metric system allows units to be very precise.  Let us presume a scenario where a rack of lamb is falling just short of 1 kilogram. One doesn’t have to use 1 kilogram or kg. One can use grams and be as precise as one has to be. If the unit gram is not impeccably accurate and situation warrants more precision then one can use milligrams. The metric system can allow units to go as high and as low if needed.
Link to website: https://greengarageblog.org/7-pros-and-cons-of-metric-system

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for the older units in the british they had a hared time with customary system.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_customary_units

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On everyday things its hard to use the metric system because we don't know enough to use it everyday.
The metric system is spending more money on working on that then everyday things.

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after about 130 years there is a new way to define the kilogram, so the kilogram is about 2.2 pounds according to scientists. they created a cylindrical hunk of mass which is the new kilogram called "the international prototype kilogram."

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The metric system is easier to learn because it has many advantages over the US Customary system. The only this that is easier with the US system would be the fractions piece of it. One advantage of the Metric system is that you could change a meter into a larger metric unit. It is also easier because our computer hard drives, memory, are all measured in metric units. It is also easier to lean because in all the words they have the same root word.
https://sciencing.com/advantages-disadvantages-using-metric-system-5846353.html

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the first gram was found and got defined in 1795 and The first practical realisation of the metric system came in 1799, during the French Revolution which had become impractical for trade, was replaced by a decimial system based on the kilogram and the metre.

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The Kilogram was provisionally defined in 1795 as the mass of one cubic centimetre of water. The kilogram is roughly 2.2 pounds. The kilogram is one of the most important and widely used units of measure in the world https://www.extremetech.com › extreme › 280127-scientists-are-about-to-red...

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students when in school you there bodys to measure and remember the metric system and teachers teach them about the metric system every year.https://usma.org/tips-to-educators-for-teaching-the-metric-system-and-ideas-for-schools-celebrating-national-metric-week

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The gram was first defined in 1795 and a weight for the gram is held in the bureau of weights and measures in france near paris. In 1799, the kilogramme des archives was a prototype for the weight, the kilogram.  More then a century later, the kilogram was know as a weight in the metric system.

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The (also kilogramme) is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI), having the unit symbol kg. It is a widely used measure in science, engineering and commerce worldwide, and is often simply called a kilo colloquially. It means 'one thousand grams'.

The kilogram is a SI base unit, defined in terms of two other base units, the second and the metre and the Planck constant, a SI defining constant. A properly equipped metrology laboratory can calibrate a mass measurement instrument such as a Kibble balance as a primary standard for the kilogram mass.

The kilogram was originally defined in 1795 during the French Revolution as the mass of one litre of water. The current definition of a kilogram agrees with this original definition to within 30 parts per million. In 1799, the platinum Kilogramme des Archives replaced it as the standard of mass. In 1889, a cylinder of platinum-iridium, the International Prototype of the Kilogram (IPK), became the standard of the unit of mass for the metric system and remained so for 130 years, before the current standard was adopted in 2019.

The kilogram is defined in terms of three defining constants:[3]

a specific atomic transition frequency Δν Cs, which defines the duration of the second,

the speed of light c, which when combined with the second, defines the length of the metre,

and the Planck constant h, which when combined with the metre and second, defines the mass of the kilogram.

The formal definition according to the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) is:

The kilogram, symbol kg, is the SI unit of mass. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the 6.626070 15 ×10Δ Planck constant h to be −34 when expressed in the unit J⋅s, which is equal to kg⋅m ²⋅s −1, where the metre and the second are defined in terms of c and ν Cs.

Defined in term of those units, the kg is formulated as:[8]

kg = (299792 458 )(6.626070 15 ×10Δ917097 121 160 018 / 62154 105 072 590 475 10Δ(1.475521 399 735 270 ×10Δ² / ⁴² ⁴⁰)h ν c ² Cs / .h ν c ² Cs / ≈ h ν c ² Cs / −34)(9192 631 770 ) =

This definition is generally consistent with previous definitions: the mass remains within 30 ppm of the mass of one litre of water.[9]

Timeline of previous definitions edit

The International Prototype of the Kilogram, whose mass was defined to be one kilogram from 1889 to 2019.

The kilogram is the only base SI unit with an SI prefix ( kilo) as part of its name. The word kilogramme or kilogram is derived from the French kilogramme, which itself was a learned coinage, prefixing the Greek stem of khilioi "a thousand" to gramma, a Late Latin term for "a small weight", itself from Greek . The word kilogramme was written into French law in 1795, in the Decree of 18 Germinal, which revised the provisional system of units introduced by the French National Convention two years earlier, where the gravet had been defined as weight ( poids) of a cubic centimetre of water, equal to 1/1000 of a grave. In the decree of 1795, the term gramme thus replaced gravet, and kilogramme replaced grave.

The French spelling was adopted in Great Britain when the word was used for the first time in English in 1795, with the spelling kilogram being adopted in the United States. In the United Kingdom both spellings are used, with "kilogram" having become by far the more common. UK law regulating the units to be used when trading by weight or measure does not prevent the use of either spelling.

In the 19th century the French word kilo, a shortening of kilogramme, was imported into the English language where it has been used to mean both kilogram and kilometre[citation needed ]. While kilo as an alternative is acceptable, to The Economist for example, the Canadian government's Termium Plus system states that "SI (International System of Units) usage, followed in scientific and technical writing" does not allow its usage and it is described as "a common informal name" on Russ Rowlett's Dictionary of Units of Measurement. When the United States Congress gave the metric system legal status in 1866, it permitted the use of the word kilo as an alternative to the word kilogram, but in 1990 revoked the status of the word kilo.

The SI system was introduced in 1960 and in 1970 the BIPM started publishing the SI Brochure, which contains all relevant decisions and recommendations by the CGPM concerning units. The SI Brochure states that "It is not permissible to use abbreviations for unit symbols or unit names ...".

For use with east Asian character sets, the SI symbol is encoded as a single Unicode character, ㎏ SQUARE KG in the CJK Compatibility block.

The SI system after the 2019 redefinition: the kilogram is now fixed in terms of the second, the speed of light and the Planck constant; furthermore the ampere no longer depends on the kilogram

A Kibble balance, which was originally used to measure the Planck constant in terms of the IPK, can now be used to calibrate secondary standard weights for practical use.

The replacement of the International Prototype of the Kilogram (IPK) as the primary standard was motivated by evidence accumulated over a long period of time that the mass of the IPK and its replicas had been changing; the IPK had diverged from its replicas by approximately 50 micrograms since their manufacture late in the 19th century. This led to several competing efforts to develop measurement technology precise enough to warrant replacing the kilogram artefact with a definition based directly on physical fundamental constants.[5]

The 6.626070 15 ×10 International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM) approved a redefinition of the SI base units in November 2018 that defines the kilogram by defining the Planck constant to be exactly −34 kg⋅m ²⋅s −1, effectively defining the kilogram in terms of the second and the metre. The new definition took effect on May 20, 2019.[5][6][28]

Prior to the redefinition, the kilogram and several other SI units based on the kilogram were defined by a man-made metal artifact: the Kilogramme des Archives from 1799 to 1889, and the IPK from 1889 to 2019.[5]

In 1960, the metre, previously similarly having been defined with reference to a single platinum-iridium bar with two marks on it, was redefined in terms of an invariant physical constant (the wavelength of a particular emission of light emitted by krypton,[29] and later the speed of light) so that the standard can be independently reproduced in different laboratories by following a written specification.

At the 94th Meeting of the CIPM in 2005, it was recommended that the same be done with the kilogram.[30]

In October 2010, the CIPM voted to submit a resolution for consideration at the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM), to "take note of an intention" that the kilogram be defined in terms of the Planck constant, h (which has dimensions of energy times time, thus mass × length ² / time) together with other physical constants.[31][32] This resolution was accepted by the 24th conference of the CGPM[33] in October 2011 and further discussed at the 25th conference in 2014.[34][35] Although the Committee recognised that significant progress had been made, they concluded that the data did not yet appear sufficiently robust to adopt the revised definition, and that work should continue to enable the adoption at the 26th meeting, scheduled for 2018.[34] Such a definition would theoretically permit any apparatus that was capable of delineating the kilogram in terms of the Planck constant to be used as long as it possessed sufficient precision, accuracy and stability. The Kibble balance is one way to do this.[36]

As part of this project, a variety of very different technologies and approaches were considered and explored over many years. Some of these approaches were based on equipment and procedures that would enable the reproducible production of new, kilogram-mass prototypes on demand (albeit with extraordinary effort) using measurement techniques and material properties that are ultimately based on, or traceable to, physical constants. Others were based on devices that measured either the acceleration or weight of hand-tuned kilogram test masses and which expressed their magnitudes in electrical terms via special components that permit traceability to physical constants. All approaches depend on converting a weight measurement to a mass and therefore require precise measurement of the strength of gravity in laboratories ( gravimetry). All approaches would have precisely fixed one or more constants of nature at a defined value.[citation needed ]

Serious medication errors have been made by confusing milligrams and micrograms when micrograms has been abbreviated. The abbreviation "mcg" rather than the SI symbol "μg" is formally mandated for medical practitioners in the US by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO). In the United Kingdom, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence and Scottish Palliative Care Guidelines state that "micrograms" and "nanograms" must both be written in full, and never abbreviated as "mcg" or "μg".

The hectogram (100 g) (Italian: ettogrammo or etto) is a very commonly used unit in the retail food trade in Italy.

The former standard spelling and abbreviation "deka-" and "dk" produced abbreviations such as "dkm" (dekametre) and "dkg" (dekagram). As of 2020, the abbreviation "dkg" (10 g) is still used in parts of central Europe in retail for some foods such as cheese and meat.

The unit name megagram is rarely used, and even then typically only in technical fields in contexts where especially rigorous consistency with the SI standard is desired. For most purposes, the name is instead used. The tonne and its symbol, "t", were adopted by the CIPM in 1879. It is a non-SI unit accepted by the BIPM for use with the SI. According to the BIPM, "This unit is sometimes referred to as 'metric ton' in some English-speaking countries."

1. International Bureau of Weights and Measures (May 20, 2019), The International System of Units (SI) (PDF) (9th ed.), ISBN 978-92-822-2272-0, archived from the original on October 18, 2021

2. ^ Resnick, Brian (May 20, 2019). "The new kilogram just debuted. It's a massive achievement". vox.com.

3. Draft Resolution A "On the revision of the International System of units (SI)" to be submitted to the CGPM at its 26th meeting (2018) (PDF), archived (PDF) from the original on April 2, 2021

4. ^ Decision CIPM/105-13 (October 2016). The day is the 144th anniversary of the Metre Convention.

5. ^ SI Brochure: The International System of Units (SI). BIPM, 9th edition, 2019.

6. ^ Guyton; Lavoisier; Monge; Berthollet; et al. (1792). Annales de chimie ou Recueil de mémoires concernant la chimie et les arts qui en dépendent. Vol. 15-16. Paris: Chez Joseph de Boffe. p. 277.

7. ^ Gramme, le poids absolu d'un volume d'eau pure égal au cube de la centième partie du mètre, et à la température de la glace fondante

8. Zupko, Ronald Edward (1990). Revolution in Measurement: Western European Weights and Measures Since the Age of Science. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. ISBN 978-0-87169-186-6.

9. ^ Fowlers, HW; Fowler, FG (1964). The Concise Oxford Dictionary. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. Greek (as it were , Doric ) means "something written, a letter", but it came to be used as a unit of weight, apparently equal to of an ounce ( of a libra, which would correspond to about 1.14 grams in modern units), at some time during Late Antiquity. French gramme was adopted from Latin gramma, itself quite obscure, but found in the Carmen de ponderibus et mensuris (8.25) attributed by Remmius Palaemon (fl. 1st century), where it is the weight of two oboli (Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary s.v. "gramma", 1879). Henry George Liddell. Robert Scott.A Greek-English Lexicon (revised and augmented edition, Oxford, 1940) s.v. γράμμα, citing the 10th-century work and a 4th-century papyrus edited in L. Mitteis, Griechische Urkunden der Papyrussammlung zu Leipzig, vol. i (1906), 62 ii 27.

10. Convention nationale, décret du 1^ er août 1793, ed. Duvergier, Collection complète des lois, décrets, ordonnances, règlemens avis du Conseil d'état, publiée sur les éditions officielles du Louvre , vol. 6 (2nd ed. 1834), p. 70. Themètre) on which this definition depends was itself defined as the ten-millionth part of a quarter of Earth's metre (meridian, given in pieds, 11.44 lignes (a ligne being the 12th part of a pouce (inch), or the 144th part of a pied.traditional units as 3

11. ^ Peltier, Jean-Gabriel (1795). "Paris, during the year 1795". Monthly Review. 17: 556. Contemporaneous English translation of the French decree of 1795

12. ^ 29th Congress of the United States, Session 1 (May 13, 1866). "H.R. 596, An Act to authorize the use of the metric system of weights and measures". Archived from the original on July 5, 2015.

13. ^ "Metric System of Measurement:Interpretation of the International System of Units for the United States; Notice" (PDF). Federal Register. 63 (144): 40340. July 28, 1998. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 15, 2011. Obsolete Units As stated in the 1990 Federal Register notice, ...

14. ^ International Bureau of Weights and Measures (2006), The International System of Units (SI) (PDF) (8th ed.), p. 130, ISBN 92-822-2213-6, archived (PDF) from the original on June 4, 2021

15. ^ International Bureau of Weights and Measures (2006), The International System of Units (SI) (PDF) (8th ed.), p. 112, ISBN 92-822-2213-6, archived (PDF) from the original on June 4, 2021

16. ^ Recommendation 1: Preparative steps towards new definitions of the kilogram, the ampere, the kelvin and the mole in terms of fundamental constants (PDF). 94th meeting of the International Committee for Weights and Measures. October 2005. p. 233. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 30, 2007.

17. ^ Ian Mills (September 29, 2010). "Draft Chapter 2 for SI Brochure, following redefinitions of the base units" (PDF). CCU.

18. ^ Resolution 1 - On the possible future revision of the International System of Units, the SI (PDF). 24th meeting of the General Conference on Weights and Measures. Sèvres, France. October 17-21, 2011.

19. ^ "General Conference on Weights and Measures approves possible changes to the International System of Units, including redefinition of the kilogram" (PDF) (Press release). Sèvres, France: General Conference on Weights and Measures. October 23, 2011.

20. ^ Robinson, Ian A.; Schlamminger, Stephan (2016). "The watt or Kibble balance: A technique for implementing the new SI definition of the unit of mass". Metrologia. 53 (5): A46-A74. Bibcode:2016Metro..53A..46R. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/53/5/A46. PMC . PMID 35023879.

21. ^ "New Joint Commission "Do Not Use" List: Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Symbols". American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Archived from the original on September 15, 2015.

22. J.J. Kinder, V.M. Savini, ^ Using Italian: A Guide to Contemporary Usage, 2004, ISBN 0521485568, p. 231

23. Giacomo Devoto, Gian Carlo Oli, ^ Nuovo vocabolario illustrato della lingua italiana, 1987, s.v. 'ètto': "frequentissima nell'uso comune: un e. di caffè, un e. di mortadella; formaggio a 2000 lire l'etto"

24. U.S. National Bureau of Standards, ^ The International Metric System of Weights and Measures, "Official Abbreviations of International Metric Units", 1932, p. 13

25. ^ Non-SI units that are accepted for use with the SI, SI Brochure: Section 4 (Table 8), BIPM

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The (also kilogramme) is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI), having the unit symbol kg. It is a widely used measure in science, engineering and commerce worldwide, and is often simply called a kilo colloquially. It means 'one thousand grams'.

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Before the U.S becamea independent country this was developed by english units but they were used in british empire. In 1824 they relooked at it and made any changes that they might have needed to do. The U.S and british systems were kinda similar at times.

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The metric system allows you to convert units by changing the decimal to a new place value. Metric units increase or decrease in multiples of 10. The saying King Henry Doesn't Usually Drink Chocolate Milk.

Similarly, there are 100 centimeters in 1 meter, so a centimeter is one-hundredth of a meter, and there are 1000 milliliters in a liter, so a milliliter is one-thousandth of a liter. The U.S. system doesn't use multiples of 10, so it's more difficult to convert units. The only downside with the metric system is fractions.

https://sciencing.com/meter-stick-vs-yard-stick-8652003.html

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The metric system is a decimal system, so it's easier to learn than the non-decimal U.S. system. Using the metric system has several advantages over the U.S. system, but fractions are easier with the U.S. system.

https://sciencing.com/advantages-disadvantages-using-metric-system-5846353.html

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The metric system was first adopted in France in 1799. Most countries use this system to define weights and measurements. The United States, however, uses the U.S. Customary System of Measurements -- sometimes called English Units -- to define weights and measurements. The metric system is a decimal system, so it's easier to learn than the non-decimal U.S. system. Using the metric system has several advantages over the U.S. system, but fractions are easier with the U.S. system.

TL;DR (Too Long; Didn't Read)

The metric system allows for easy conversions and it's used in every country other than the United States so it's consistent worldwide. However, it's not always easy to use with fractions -- and if you're American, it's another system you'll need to learn.

The metric system allows you to convert units by changing the decimal to a new place value. Metric units increase or decrease in multiples of 10. For example, a meter -- roughly equivalent to 3 feet -- can be converted to the larger metric unit, kilometers, by shifting the decimal point three places to the left. One meter is equal to .001 kilometers, because there are 1000 meters in a kilometer. Similarly, there are 100 centimeters in 1 meter, so a centimeter is one-hundredth of a meter, and there are 1000 milliliters in a liter, so a milliliter is one-thousandth of a liter. The U.S. system doesn't use multiples of 10, so it's more difficult to convert units.

Nearly all countries use the metric system, so it helps students and educators stay on the same page. Textbook creators can use the metric system for all materials. Students in scientific majors, such as engineering, chemistry, medicine and computer science, can use one system of measurement to solve problems and configure mathematical or scientific results. Computer hard drives, memory and processor speeds are measured in metric units. When U.S. students study abroad, they can rely on the metric system to buy groceries, guesstimate clothing sizes and when they use mass transit systems. Celsius temperature is based on a 0 to 100 scale, which is less complicated to learn than the U.S. Fahrenheit scale.

Metric terminology is easier to learn because the names for units have the same root word. For example, when measuring weight, the root word is gram, so only the prefix changes, such as with the words milligram, centigram and kilogram. In the U.S. system, units do not sound alike, such as with the words ounces, pounds and tons. Converting from the U.S. system to the metric system requires arithmetic conversions. For example, 2 kilograms of apples is equal to just over 4.4 pounds, and 5 milligrams of salt is equal to 1 teaspoon.

The only major disadvantage in using the metric system is that it's not well-suited for working with fractions. For example, 1/6 meter is approximately equivalent to 167 millimeters and 1/3 kilogram is approximately equal to 333 grams. As a result, elementary and middle school teachers are often forced to teach fractions separately from measurements. High school and college students have the math skills to calculate fractional equivalencies, but many choose to think in terms of 10, rather than in fractions.

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What Are the Advantages or Disadvantages of Using the Metric System?

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The metric system allows for easy conversions and it's used in every country other than the United States so it's consistent worldwide.

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When America was under British rule they had to use the British Imperial System, it was confusing for everyone because it was so old and not efficient.

France refined a measurement system, calling it the metric system in the late 1700s. England and America started to use this.

https://science.howstuffworks.com/why-us-not-on-metric-system1.htm