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C

D

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D3j no essays

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docs.google.com/document/d/15QRr5MQbHgndZTE1DYPjYgATW_cKwYHu7DDebdBnafY/edit

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1qcG5yG3vBBUXAfhPsApvTTgJdoOuljCbmJImeTeGBW0/edit

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-MSMTVPQQR_Ma6ncH9MPHR-XofwX-c-B20WBunsHkMg/edit?usp=sharing

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1wSOdy6_eMAPDYNLSzaO54oviy6J8-ctRn5A5l2WheVE/edit

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

# data[].attributes.body
Objective A
1 State/Outline Scientific Knowledge - 4
Objective B
Bi- Make a research question consistent with the Gummy Bear mass experiment (Slide 6 )

1-2/8=limited consistency
3-4/8=some consistency                  5-6/8=mostly consistent 5                7-8/8=completely consistent

Bii -Predict what will happen to the Gummy Bear based on the previous lab (Slide 7)

1-2/8=limited hypothesis                 3-4/8=some hypothesis                    5-6/8=testable hypothesis  5
7-8/8=complete hypothesis
Biii- outline how the Gummy Bear Lab 2 will use the variables (and how the data will be collected) (slide 8)

1-2/8=limited outline                        3-4/8=some outline                          5-6/8=Mostly outlined  5                    7-8/8=completely outlined

Biv- Design the Gummy Bear #2 lab independently using safety and appropriate materials and equipment (Slide 9-11)

1-2/8=basically                                  3-4/8=somewhat   4                             5-6/8= Mostly                                    7-8/8= completely

Objective C

Ci- presents the Gummy Bear Lab # 2 data using the managebac Google Slide provided (Slide 12-13)

1-2/8=basically                                   3-4/8=somewhat  4                             5-6/8= Mostly                                    7-8/8= completely .

Cii - interpret the Gummy Bear # 2 Lab data and outline the results and conclusion Questions 1-9 ( slide 14)

1-2/8=basically                                   3-4/8=somewhat                               5-6/8= Mostly    5                                7-8/8= completely .
Objective  D
1 State(1-4)  Outline (5-6) Summarize (7-8) the ways in which science is applied and used to address a specific problem or issue.  4

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Objective A
1 State/Outline Scientific Knowledge - 5
Objective B
Bi- Make a research question consistent with the Gummy Bear mass experiment (Slide 6 )

1-2/8=limited consistency
3-4/8=some consistency                  5-6/8=mostly consistent    5             7-8/8=completely consistent

Bii -Predict what will happen to the Gummy Bear based on the previous lab (Slide 7)

1-2/8=limited hypothesis                 3-4/8=some hypothesis                    5-6/8=testable hypothesis     5
7-8/8=complete hypothesis
Biii- outline how the Gummy Bear Lab 2 will use the variables (and how the data will be collected) (slide 8)

1-2/8=limited outline                        3-4/8=some outline                          5-6/8=Mostly outlined   5                   7-8/8=completely outlined

Biv- Design the Gummy Bear #2 lab independently using safety and appropriate materials and equipment (Slide 9-11)

1-2/8=basically                                  3-4/8=somewhat                                5-6/8= Mostly       5                             7-8/8= completely

Objective C

Ci- presents the Gummy Bear Lab # 2 data using the managebac Google Slide provided (Slide 12-13)

1-2/8=basically                                   3-4/8=somewhat                               5-6/8= Mostly     5                               7-8/8= completely .

Cii - interpret the Gummy Bear # 2 Lab data and outline the results and conclusion Questions 1-9 ( slide 14)

1-2/8=basically                                   3-4/8=somewhat                               5-6/8= Mostly                                    7-8/8= completely . 7
Objective  D
1 State(1-4)  Outline (5-6) Summarize (7-8) the ways in which science is applied and used to address a specific problem or issue.  6

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Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

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Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

# data[].attributes.body
Joakim's essay
Jesse's essay

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# data[].attributes.body
Olivia
Cindy

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IP's
Luc's
Pei Pei
Rongle

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-Coco
-Jane
-Baipai
-PeiPei

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Or6HkkfhvkZc24KC8XdZwpcfEx9hw2L7_STYuUwV5UU/edit? 3 paragraph

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Iq8YnZR9_Lps6YWefyYdSpd7OcK_yjB3Cz2sFuFLmXY/edit?usp=sharing  500 word essay

I read RR's essay and its about plastic and its dangers.

Punn's is about nuclear energy and how it can destroy us all if not treated properly.

Tham's is about nuclear power and how its used.

Joakim's essay is about plastic and how it effect our world and how to prevent it.

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Essay                                                      

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Essay                                                      

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1crgTXh8_gXrZgPGlqVsJJ-nrVvRCmQn5VnFlFN0S0WI/edit?usp=sharing

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Tham- Nuclear
IP- Gunpowderrr
Luc- Pasteurization

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- Olivia
- Bai Pai
- Coco
- Mai

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luc's essay is about pasteurization and i read it

Punn's essay is about the unforeseen consequence of nuclear and I read it

IP's essay is about gunpowder and I read it

Tham's essay is about nuclear power and I read it

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I read:
Coco
Jane
Pei Pei
Olivia

Who read mine:
Olivia
Jane
Coco

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Tham's essay was about nuclear energy

Jesse's essay was about gunpowder

Punn's essay was about nuclear energy

Phu's essay on plastic

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RHj_Z5Ma6Fp1SeYSuDWIs0MxLd7wzTkhz78Qgrgu_gw/edit?usp=sharing

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# data[].attributes.body
Olivia
coco
IP
Milky

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# data[].attributes.body
Olivia
Baipai
Jane
Pei pei

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1. IP - I agree that gunpowder is bad because it has increased the rate of deaths in wars but it does have some benefits.

2. Joakim - I agree that plastic is a bad invention for the environment at the moment but when it was created, it was really useful.

3. Olivia - I fully agree that plastic was useful in the past but now if we don't do something fast, plastic can be a problem to the environment and us.

4. Punn - I fully agree that nuclear energy is a very bad and harmful thing when used in the wrong way, but it does have a lot of benifits if used in the right way.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1CM1Ls10CA6IIPOYip58zbdg0m9EZAvMbtaI2dIgIhs4/edit?usp=sharing

Osmosis 3 paragraph's
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1DC3ySy7htqZV9MBqhX0xWgAXdhPVq4KzHPfxOPwMRMw/edit?usp=sharing

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RuGGMjTJXdpD5obPpuK1PO0LMMc9cvROTua1IKkNcwY/edit

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/12naEwUfIOSoIvTww0znDNCPHmbOs88yM7E8jaIY3GHg/edit

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Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

# data[].attributes.body
By Tham

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
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Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

# data[].attributes.body
By Tham

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

# data[].attributes.body
UNFORESEEN CONSEQUENCE:

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Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

# data[].attributes.body
Science Essay 1

Science Essay 2

# data[].attributes.body
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1OUZ7bu8ByjHan5S7kE3GuqnJmgM3Jl5agju1AJmypn0/edit?usp=sharing

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Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

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The three paragraphs.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1TongLNWA4QyTIqNyYq6YmTU6zv1zHCP815IJ5xhEG8w/edit?usp=sharing

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500 words

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1aIZSIG3-yIHoB--AMBtehrWp7HGe5DKbzgR0NYNA71Y/edit

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1WpQXCpy2ebopS9kZ6ygCcTT8T1lQdLLMEFgwWTYM_9s/edit

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Plastic:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1TG1NlIAcigi6URZd92KP32UbSo7VVKD2G3O3zAbwzw4/edit

Three Paragraph:

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Our slide

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Presentation

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WHICH COUNTRY BAN PLASTIC BAGS AND WHEN?

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- Tham
- Seif
- Anda
- Milky
- Akshat
- Punn

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https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/environmental-impacts-solar-power

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-Dhruva
-Joakims
-Olivia
-PeiPei
-Phu

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Develop your theme to look at new bacteria and diseases caused by new strains of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Will that affect the process of pasteurisation. What is pasteurisation and how is it used in the food industry.
Are some food bugs good
Can we live in a bug free world

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Does Solar Panels affect our life? 😱

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when was plastic made?

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where was plastic made http://www.brysoneducation.org/age_8_11/material_world/plastics.asp

also this link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic

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Each person Create a research question and provide a source of information to help answer it

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Each person Create a research question and provide a source of information to help answer it

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What is plastic made of?
Find an explanation about covalent bonding and link it into your article
https://www.plasticseurope.org/en/about-plastics/what-are-plastics/how-plastics-are-made#targetText=Plastics%20are%20derived%20from%20natural,before%20it%20can%20be%20used.

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1. How is gunpowder good.
https://historyofgunpowder01.weebly.com/advantages-and-disadvantages.html

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- WHY ARE PESTICIDES,
CHEMICAL FERTILISERS and GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS UNHEALTHY?

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How Pesticides, chemical fertilizers and genetically modified crops creating unhealthy nations

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How does plastic affect the environment?
https://www.eartheclipse.com/environment/environmental-effects-plastic-pollution.html

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Which country ban plastic bag?
Some countries has already ban plastic bags. Bangladesh is the first country that have  banned plastic bags in 2002. However it's not really popular and some people thought Canada is the first country that have ban plastic bags. But actually Canada is one of the famous place that has banned plastic bags.
https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/which-countries-have-banned-plastic-bags.html

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What are the links between nuclear power and nuclear weapons

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Why is plastic so important to us?
https://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/inventions-and-discoverie

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What would have happened if Louis Pasteur never invented pasteurisation?

Can pasteurisation be used for different purposes?

What kind of bacteria can unpasteurised products give you?

What kind of diseases can unpasteurised products can you?

Can pasteurisation be changed in the future?

https://www.britannica.com/technology/pasteurization

https://longitudeprize.org/blog-post/10-most-dangerous-antibiotic-resistant-bacter

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- How did gunpowder change or affect warfare?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mqHVRgCkCDE
https://www.livescience.com/7476-gunpowder-changed-world.html

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.why is plastic so popular in Thailand?

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What Thailand needs to do to kick its plastic addiction

newspaper section:

On the way home from the market. Tuesday is no-plastic bag day at major stores and convenience shops. (File photo)

Today is plastic bag free day in Thailand. While this initiative is a good start, much more must be done. Last month, a dead whale was found in Indonesia with six kilogrammes of plastic in its stomach. In June, about 80 plastic bags were found inside the stomach of a dead whale in southern Thailand. Their deaths are stark reminders of a growing problem: marine plastic pollution.

Annually, over 9 million tonnes of plastic are dumped in the world's oceans. This is a major transboundary social and environmental problem. Marine animals, such as turtles, fish, whales, and sea birds, have ingested or become entangled in plastic debris. When humans consume these animals, they also consume the plastic, which contributes to cancer and infertility.

According to a recent report by Ocean Conservancy, five countries are responsible for 60% of this waste: China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. How did Thailand become one of the five worst global culprits?

Thailand's large-scale consumption of plastic is a contemporary problem. In the past, banana leaves, bamboo, pots, and tin cans were used as packaging. But as Thailand's consumption of plastic grew in the 1970s, its petrochemical industry began to boom. By 1996, the country had achieved the full integration of plastic production. Overall, Thailand's petrochemical sector is Southeast Asia's second largest and ranks 16th globally.

The growth of the plastic industry has fed into the country's growing domestic consumption and plastic usage has grown 12% annually. On average, Thais use eight bags each per day, which equates to almost 200 billion bags per year.

Though Japan consumes a high amount of plastic, because of its excellent waste management system, the country is not a significant contributor to marine plastic debris. Thus, the second reason for Thailand's marine plastic pollution is its poor waste management. Almost 80% of the country's marine plastic comes from land-based waste that flows from rivers into the ocean.

At both household and company levels, Thais litter. Although illegal, many households and companies dispose their waste outdoors, or into waterways. When Thais do dispose of waste, only a few sort out the plastics from general waste. Condominiums rarely provide sub-bins for different items, further contributing to the country's low rate of recycling.

A recent survey of Maha Sarakham Municipality revealed that 65% of household trash bins are merely uncovered baskets. Small or overflowing litter bins or plastic bags full of waste are then placed outside for collection. During heavy rains or floods, litter spills out from the bags and enters the waterways.

Further, conditions are poor at many of the country's dump sites. Paradorn Chulajata, head of the Thai Plastic Industry Club, estimated that of the country's approximately 3,000 dump sites, only 700 are in good condition. In many sites, waste water leaks into waterways and onto beaches.

In response, the government enacted several measures to help reduce marine plastic pollution. Cigarette smoking is banned on popular beaches and plastic bags and Styrofoam containers are banned in national marine parks. The government is also working with retailers to eliminate plastic covers on bottle caps.

However, instead of mandating comprehensive changes, measures are aimed at promoting voluntary change. For example, the government initiated a programme directing government agencies to reduce plastic usage and encouraging market vendors to use less plastic. Due to the lack of new regulations, the measure has shown limited success. Many experts believe that bans and voluntary measures will only show limited success, and they call for the country to tax plastic consumption. A tax would reduce usage and finance sweeping improvements on the country's waste management system.

A few countries, such as Kenya and France, have banned single-use plastic bags while others have taxed them. Though a full-out ban might not be practical, a tax to discourage usage is feasible. In the UK, such tax has proven successful: after a levy of five pence (2 baht) per bag was introduced in 2015, plastic bags in nearby seas were significantly reduced. A poll of 2,000 Thais conducted by Nida revealed that 60% of those surveyed were willing to pay such a tax. Based on this poll, researchers proposed that the government should charge consumers 2-3 baht per bag.

Despite these findings, the military government has yet to do so. One reason is the government's close ties to the private sector, including the powerful plastic industry. The government may be reticent to pass a tax which would hurt the industry's interests.

The institutional structure of waste management also make reforms difficult. Neither the Thai government nor the private sector encourage households to separate their waste. Furthermore, unlike in some countries, municipalities do not earn money from recycling. Instead, they allow scavengers to gather and then sell high-value waste, leaving behind low-value and contaminated items, such as plastic bags and straws.

The private sector has not undertaken meaningful changes to reduce overall plastic consumption, or to improve waste management. Retailers have not decided to charge customers for plastic bags. Only Makro does not give out plastic bags. A few other companies have made small changes to reduce plastic consumption, such as giving discounts to consumers who bring their own bags or containers, but these changes have made little impact. Plastic producers have yet to adhere to the principles of extended responsibility, under which they would be responsible for the entire lifecycle of the plastic they produce. Nor have they spent any resources to educate the public to improve their waste practices.

Examples of success in other countries exist, but there is already a successful model in Thailand. In 2016, Chulalongkorn University initiated its Zero Waste Programme. Students are taught about the need to reduce plastic consumption and to separate and recycle waste. The university started charging 2 baht per plastic bag in all campus retail stores. It also charges students 3 baht to use a bioplastic cup or box, which replaces Styrofoam. Clean water stations were installed where students can refill water bottles. In less than a year, the use of plastic bags dropped by 90%, from 132,000 to 13,000.

In nearby countries, there are other examples of successful projects and policies. In Surabaya, Indonesia, the municipal government initiated a scheme where people can drop off plastic items, such as cups and bottles, in exchange for free bus rides. In Baguio City, Philippines, the municipality has decreed that only bioplastic bags can be used.

Chulalongkorn's Zero Waste Programme, reforms in nearby countries, and Japan's successful waste management show the way forward. A new law which would either tax or ban single-use plastic items, particularly bags, is recommended.

Additionally, a reform of the country's waste management is needed. This would include the creation of a national waste management authority, as well as schemes to promote recycling and improve the country's waste management. Greater education on the impact of using single-use plastic and improper waste management should also be promoted.

Changes such as these would enable Thailand to improve its global ranking on marine plastic pollution, and improve both human and animal health.

Danny Marks

University of Hong Kong Assistant Professor

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What Thailand needs to do to kick its plastic addiction

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Today is plastic bag free day in Thailand. While this initiative is a good start, much more must be done. Last month, a dead whale was found in Indonesia with six kilogrammes of plastic in its stomach. In June, about 80 plastic bags were found inside the stomach of a dead whale in southern Thailand.

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𝕸𝖎𝖑𝖐𝖞𝖘 𝖗𝖊𝖘𝖊𝖆𝖗𝖈𝖍 𝖖𝖚𝖊𝖘𝖙𝖎𝖔𝖓

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𝕸𝖎𝖑𝖐𝖞𝖘 𝖗𝖊𝖘𝖊𝖆𝖗𝖈𝖍 𝖖𝖚𝖊𝖘𝖙𝖎𝖔𝖓

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𝕳𝖔𝖜 𝖉𝖔𝖊𝖘 𝖓𝖚𝖈𝖑𝖊𝖆𝖗 𝖊𝖓𝖊𝖗𝖌𝖞 𝖆𝖋𝖋𝖊𝖈𝖙 𝖙𝖍𝖊 environment 𝖘𝖚𝖘𝖙𝖆𝖎𝖓𝖆𝖇𝖎𝖑𝖎𝖙𝖞 𝖔𝖋 𝖙𝖍𝖊 𝖈𝖔𝖚𝖓𝖙𝖗𝖞 𝖙𝖍𝖆𝖙 𝖎𝖘 𝖚𝖘𝖎𝖓𝖌 𝖎𝖙?

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Nuclear Energy Is Extraordinary

Nuclear energy comes from splitting atoms in a reactor to heat water into steam, turn a turbine and generate electricity. Ninety-three nuclear reactors in 28 states generate nearly 20 percent of the nation's electricity, all without carbon emissions because reactors use uranium, not fossil fuels. These plants are always on: well-operated to avoid interruptions and built to withstand extreme weather, supporting the grid 24/7.

All that power and potential from a tiny atom.

Benefits of Nuclear Energy

Nuclear energy offers many advantages as the emissions-free workhorse of our energy grid. Its unique value cannot be found in any other energy source.

Nuclear protects national security. U.S. leadership in nuclear energy maintains safety and nonproliferation standards globally, supports a resilient electrical grid at home, and fuels a strong navy.

Nuclear fights climate change. Nuclear energy provides large amounts of 24/7 carbon-free electricity now, which is irreplaceable in protecting the environment.

Nuclear ensures U.S. leadership in technology. The United States pioneered nuclear energy for the world and, with continued leadership, can respond to growing clean energy demand worldwide with advanced reactors.

Nuclear produces electricity reliably. Around-the-clock electricity is a must for our nation to prosper in the 21st century. Clean, reliable nuclear energy is a critical part of U.S. infrastructure because it runs nonstop for 18-24 months at a time.

Nuclear generates jobs. Nuclear energy provides more than 100,000 well-paid, long-term jobs and supports local economies with millions of dollars in state and local tax revenues.

Nuclear protects our air. Nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter and mercury: all things you don't want in the air you breathe. Nuclear energy provides power 24/7 without a trace of those pollutants.

Nuclear boosts international development. Nuclear energy helps developing nations meet sustainable development goals.

Nuclear powers electric vehicles. Electrified transportation promises to reduce carbon emissions. When powered by carbon-free nuclear energy, electric vehicles can reach their full potential.

Nuclear Energy Provides More Than Electricity

The benefits of nuclear energy extend far beyond carbon-free electricity too. Nuclear powers space exploration, sterilizes medical equipment, provides potable water through desalination, supplies radioisotopes for cancer treatment and much more.

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Nuclear energy is extraordinary. It comes from splitting atoms in a reactor to heat water into steam, turn a turbine and generate electricity.

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1.  Can Atomic energy be used for greater purposes for the sustainability of the world?
http://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Nuclear-the-ideal-way-for-dealing-with-climate-c

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What are the effects of nuclear energy on humans?

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(Image: © Liam Daniel/HBO)

The new HBO series "Chernobyl" dramatizes the accident and horrific aftermath of a nuclear meltdown that rocked the Ukraine in 1986. Twenty-five years later, another nuclear catastrophe would unfold in Japan, after the magnitude 9.0 Tohoku earthquake and subsequent tsunami triggered a disastrous system failure at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant.

Both of these accidents released radiation; their impacts were far-reaching and long-lasting.

But how do the circumstances of Chernobyl and Fukushima compare to each other, and which event caused more damage? [ 5 Weird Things You Didn't Know About Chernobyl]

Only one reactor exploded at Chernobyl, while three reactors experienced meltdowns at Fukushima. Yet the accident at Chernobyl was far more dangerous, as damage to the reactor core unspooled very rapidly and violently, said Edwin Lyman, a senior scientist and acting director for the Union of Concerned Scientists Nuclear Safety Project.

"As a result, more fission products were released from the single Chernobyl core," Lyman told Live Science. "At Fukushima the cores overheated and melted but did not experience violent dispersal, so a much smaller amount of plutonium was released."

In both accidents, radioactive iodine-131 posed the most immediate threat, but with a half-life of eight days, meaning half of the radioactive material decayed within that time, its effects soon dissipated. In both meltdowns, the long-term hazards arose primarily from strontium-90 and cesium-137, radioactive isotopes with half-lives of 30 years.

And Chernobyl released far more cesium-137 than Fukushima did, according to Lyman.

"About 25 petabecquerels (PBq) of cesium-137 was released to the environment from the three damaged Fukushima reactors, compared to an estimate of 85 PBq for Chernobyl," he said (PBq is a unit for measuring radioactivity that shows the decay of nuclei per second).

What's more, Chernobyl's raging inferno created a towering plume of radioactivity that dispersed more widely than the radioactivity released by Fukushima, Lyman added.

Sickness, cancer and death

At Chernobyl, two plant workers were killed by the initial explosion and 29 more workers died from radiation poisoning over the next three months, Time reported in 2018. Many of those who died had knowingly exposed themselves to deadly radiation as they worked to secure the plant and prevent further leaks. Government officials relocated an estimated 200,000 people from the region, according to the International Atomic Energy Agency.

In the years that followed, cancers in children skyrocketed in the Ukraine, up by more than 90%, according to Time. A report issued by United Nations agencies in 2005 approximated that 4,000 people could eventually die of radiation exposure from Chernobyl. Greenpeace International estimated, in 2006, that the number of fatalities in the Ukraine, Russia and Belarus could be as high as 93,000 people, with 270,000 people in those countries developing cancers who otherwise would not have done so.

(Image credit: Shutterstock)

At Fukushima, there were no deaths or cases of radiation sickness directly associated with the accident - neither workers nor members of the public, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).

However, Japan's aggressive disaster response, which relocated 100,000 people from their homes near Fukushima, is thought to have indirectly caused around 1,000 deaths, most of which were people age 66 years or more, the World Nuclear Association reported.

No-go zones

Japanese authorities created a no-go zone around Fukushima that extended for 12 miles (20 kilometers); the damaged reactors were permanently closed, while cleanup efforts continued.

The extent of Fukushima's environmental impact is still unknown, though there is already some evidence that genetic mutations are on the rise in butterflies from the Fukushima area, producing deformations in their wings, legs and eyes. [ See Photos of Fukushima's Deformed Butterflies]

Radiation from contaminated water that escaped Fukushima reached North America's western coast in 2014, but experts said that contamination was too low to pose a threat to human health. And in 2018, researchers reported that wines produced in California after the Fukushima accident had elevated levels of radioactive cesium-137, but the California Department of Public Health declared that the wines were not dangerous to consume.

(Image credit: DigitalGlobe/Getty)

Chernobyl's exclusion zone encompassed an area 18 miles (30 km) around the ruins of the plant, and the towns within its boundaries remain abandoned to this day. Trees in nearby forests turned red and died soon after the explosion. But decades later, diverse wildlife communities appear to be thriving in the zone, in the absence of human inhabitants.

By 2010, the Ukrainian government determined that danger from radiation exposure in the area around Chernobyl was "negligible," and the exclusion zone would be widely opened to tourists by the following year (though living in the area is still prohibited). But people who visit certain locations more than once will be supplied with handheld dosimeters to check their radiation exposure, so the visits are not without risk, Live Science previously reported.

What's more, radiation levels around Chernobyl can vary widely. Aerial drone surveys revealed in May that radiation in Ukraine's Red Forest was concentrated in previously unknown "hotspots," which scientists outlined in the region's most accurate radiation maps to date.

The Fukushima nuclear power plant is closed; nonetheless, ongoing concerns about safety during decommisioning and cleanup work still linger. The Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) recently announced that it would not hire foreign workers coming to Japan under newly relaxed immigration rules; TEPCO representatives cited concerns about the ability of non-native Japanese speakers to follow the plant's highly detailed safety instructions, The Japan Times reported yesterday (May 23).

In the end, both disasters provided important lessons for the world on the inherent risks of using nuclear energy, Lyman told Live Science.

"No one should underestimate the challenges needed to ensure nuclear power is safe enough for it to play a major role in the world's energy future," he said. "The key for regulators and operators is to always prepare for the unexpected."
Editor's note: This story was updated on May 28 to indicate that the Fukushima power plant is no longer operating.

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Chernobyl vs. Fukushima: Which Nuclear Meltdown Was the Bigger Disaster?

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(Image: © Liam Daniel/HBO) The new HBO series "Chernobyl" dramatizes the accident and horrific aftermath of a nuclear meltdown that rocked the Ukraine in 1986. Twenty-five years later, another nuclear catastrophe would unfold in Japan, after the magnitude 9.0 Tohoku earthquake and subsequent tsunami triggered a disastrous system failure at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant.

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How plastic Affect climate change?

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Single-use plastics a serious climate change hazard, study warns

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Production must end now, says first ever estimate of plastic’s cradle-to-grave impact