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The finalization of the literature review is necessary to make sure there's a deep understanding of the existing literature related to this topic.  Having this foundation will support future research.

An evaluation will b developed to study more about coaching styles and behaviors.  Within this evaluation, surveys and interviews will be conduced with athletes, coaches, parents, and administrators.  The results will add to the existing literature.

Using previous research and the results of this evaluation, my hope is for coaches to use this information to better their craft as coaches.

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-  Data related to the impact of punitive consequences and negative behaviors in sports

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Coaches come in all shape and sizes, and so do athletes.  Examining coaching behaviors will provide guidance for current and future coaches.  This exploration of three streams will gather the valuable research that exists to form a foundation for further contributions to the current literature on coaching behaviors.  These streams include: effects of positive vs. negative coaching styles; the coach-athlete relationship; and democratic vs. autocratic coaching styles.

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"The Democratic coach takes on the "self coaching" approach. This coach makes the final decisions but not without listening to and taking in the thoughts of the team. "

https://coachingsportleadership.weebly.com/

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"The Autocratic coach takes on an authoritative approach where you are "told" rather than "asked". This approach has coaches show the athlete how they want something done and expect that athlete to perform a technique a certain way every time. This coach is in control at all times with little to no feedback from the athlete."

https://coachingsportleadership.weebly.com

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1.      What are the preferences and outcomes of autocratic vs. democratic coaching styles

2.      From the student-athlete perspective, what are the behaviors of their best high school coaches?

3.     What are the preferences and outcomes of positive vs. negative coaching styles?

4.     How does the athlete-coach relationship affect leadership and performance?

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Finding good coaches is a challenge.  The pay is low, the hours are not flexible, the demands are high.  O’Sullivan (2014) believes that coaching is one of the toughest jobs and that great coaches are becoming “endangered species”.  The future of coaching is filled with young, talented and energetic professionals, but who lack the deep experience and training that is sometimes needed to deal with the complexity of working in the kid business.  To make matters even more challenging, dealing with parents also adds another level of complexity to the job. Knowledge of best practices through professional development can make a difference.

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According to the NCAA, “nearly 8 million students participate in high school athletics” (“Estimated probability of competing in college athletics”, n.d.).  The lessons and experiences that occur after the final bell are paramount for many students and hopefully a meaningful component of the school experience for all.  “Sports help children develop physical skills, get exercise, make friends, have fun, learn teamwork, learn to play fair, and improve self-esteem” (Sports and Children, 2018).  For all the benefits that millions of students acquire through sports, it is absolutely critical that quality people with proper knowledge and training are in charge: the coaches.

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Examining the Coaching Styles and Behaviors of Athletic Coaches

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Examining the Coaching Styles and Behaviors of Athletic Coaches

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Pat Crater
August 18, 2019
EDUC 815
Drexel University

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This literature review is to study the behaviors of coaches and to share and educate current and future coaches who need some guidance on best practices in coaching. (Bogage, 2018) states, “only 35 percent of coaches are trained in core competencies such as basic skills, and 36 percent are trained in strategy and safety and injury prevention”.  We need to do a better job!  As Rainer Martens states, “Sport is like a double-edged sword.  Swung in the right direction, the sword can have tremendously positive effects, but swung in the wrong direction it can be devastating.  The sword is held by adults who supervise children’s sports” (O’Sullivan 2014).