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For more than 200 years, the White House has been more than just the home of the Presidents and their families. Throughout the world, it is recognized as the symbol of the President, of the President's administration, and of the United States. The White House is the only private residence of a head of state that is open to the public, free of charge.

Our first president, George Washington, selected the site for the White House in 1791. The cornerstone was laid in 1792 and a competition design submitted by Irish-born architect James Hoban was chosen. After eight years of construction, President John Adams and his wife, Abigail, moved into the unfinished house in 1800. During the War of 1812, the British set fire to the President's House in 1814. James Hoban was appointed to rebuild the house, and President James Monroe moved into the building in 1817. During Monroe's administration, the South Portico was constructed in 1824, and Andrew Jackson oversaw the addition of the North Portico in 1829. During the late 19th century, various proposals were made to significantly expand the President's House or to build an entirely new house for the president, but these plans were never realized.

In 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt began a major renovation of the White House, including the relocation of the president's offices from the Second Floor of the Residence to the newly constructed temporary Executive Office Building (now known as the West Wing). The Roosevelt renovation was planned and carried out by the famous New York architectural firm McKim, Mead and White. Roosevelt's successor, President William Howard Taft, had the Oval Office constructed within an enlarged office wing.

Less than fifty years after the Roosevelt renovation, the White House was showing signs of serious structural weakness. President Harry S. Truman began a renovation of the building in which everything but the outer walls were dismantled. The reconstruction was overseen by architect Lorenzo Winslow, and the Truman family moved back into the White House in 1952.

Every president since John Adams has occupied the White House, and the history of this building extends far beyond the construction of its walls. From the Ground Floor Corridor rooms, transformed from their early use as service areas, to the State Floor rooms, where countless leaders and dignitaries have been entertained, the White House is both the home of the President of the United States his family and a museum of American history. The White House is a place where history continues to unfold.

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The White House, Washington D.C., United States - Google Arts & Culture

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For more than 200 years, the White House has been more than just the home of the Presidents and their families. Throughout the world, it is recognized as t...

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This special guide to the presidents highlights vital information about the men who have led our country.

1. George Washington

The first President unified the new nation and shaped the chief executive's duties. He refused to run for a third term.

On their wedding day, Martha Washington gave him a miniature portrait of herself. He wore it on a chain around his neck until his death 40 years later.

2. John Adams

Adams was the first President to live in the White House.

Adams had a tough job filling Washington's shoes. His advocacy of the Alien and Sedition Acts allowed him to silence critics, but made him unpopular. He lost reelection to Thomas Jefferson.

3. Thomas Jefferson

Considered the most brilliant President, he wrote the Declaration of Independence, founded the University of Virginia, and was an architect, a farmer, and a scientist.

Jefferson approved the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, which nearly doubled the size of the U.S.

4. James Madison

Madison is considered the father of the Bill of Rights.

Madison presided over the War of 1812 with Britain, during which the White House was burned. The war ended in a draw.

5. James Monroe

Monroe lived out his retirement in poverty.

His term is called the "Era of Good Feeling" because there was little partisan fighting. He formulated the Monroe Doctrine, which declared the Americas off-limits to European meddling.

6. John Quincy Adams

John Adams and John Quincy Adams were the first father and son to have served as Presidents.

Accused of winning the White House through corruption, he was plagued by accusations of misdeeds throughout his presidency.

After his presidency, Adams served nine terms in the House of Representatives, until his death in 1848.

7. Andrew Jackson

Jackson was the first President to ride on a train.

Though he was a rich planter, Jackson was considered the common people's friend. Dubbed "Old Hickory" because he was so tough, Jackson greatly expanded the powers of the Presidency.

8. Martin Van Buren

Van Buren was the first President to be born an American citizen, rather than a British subject.

Van Buren's Presidency was marred by an economic depression that led to bank failures and food riots. He was easily defeated for reelection.

9. William Henry Harrison

Harrison delivered a marathon inaugural speech during which he caught a cold. He died a month later.

Harrison was the first President to die in office and he served the briefest term.

10. John Tyler

Tyler had 15 children, more than any President.

Tyler was expected to be a passive "acting President" while he finished Harrison's term, but he refused to be passive. He made enemies in Congress and was the first President to be threatened with impeachment. The effort failed.

11. James K. Polk

Polk is the only President to have served as Speaker of the House.

Polk was the first "dark horse" or little-known nominee to become President. He presided over the Mexican War, which added Texas, California, and other territory to the United States.

12. Zachary Taylor

Taylor won fame as a general in the Mexican War. His soldiers called him "Old Rough and Ready."

Taylor threatened to use force to keep the South from leaving the Union. After his death, a compromise allowed slavery to continue in the South.

13. Millard Fillmore

Fillmore approved the Compromise of 1850, allowing slavery in the South. But neither the North nor the South was happy with it, and Fillmore was blamed for the law's failure.

In 1856, Fillmore ran for President on the anti-immigrant Know-Nothing Party ticket.

14. Franklin Pierce

Pierce's wife hated Washington, D.C., so much, that she fainted when she found out he had been nominated for President.

Pierce supported the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which gutted the Compromise of 1850.

15. James Buchanan

Buchanan was the only bachelor to ever serve in the White House.

Buchanan tried in vain to find a compromise to keep the South from seceding from the Union, but failed.

16. Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln led the Union into the Civil War to preserve the nation and end slavery. He was assassinated just five days after the Confederate armies surrendered.

Polls show that Lincoln is the most admired President.

17. Andrew Johnson

Succeeding Lincoln, Johnson found himself in bitter battles with Congress over Reconstruction. He was impeached and tried by the Senate, but was acquitted by one vote.

Johnson was the only southern senator to stay loyal to the Union.

18. Ulysses S. Grant

Grant was born Hiram Ulysses Grant, but an error on his application to West Point changed his name to Ulysses Simpson Grant. He liked the initials so much that he kept the name.

Grant was the top Union military hero of the Civil War. His two terms were marred by scandals.

19. Rutherford B. Hayes

Hayes is one of five Presidents to lose the popular vote but win the office. He won the election by one electoral vote.

Hayes's wife, Lucy, was the first First Lady to graduate from college.

20. James A. Garfield

Garfield set out to reform the "spoils system" by which politicians gave their friends low-level political offices. He was assassinated by a disappointed office seeker.

Garfield was the first left-handed President.

21. Chester A. Arthur

Arthur was unknown before being elected, but surprised people by being honest and responsible. He helped create the Civil Service.

As a lawyer, Arthur defended a black woman who had been abused on a streetcar. He won the case, which led the streetcar companies to integrate.

22. Grover Cleveland

Cleveland is the only President to be elected to two non-consecutive terms.

Cleveland expanded the Civil Service and ended wasteful government programs. But an economic depression wrecked his second term.

23. Benjamin Harrison

Harrison was caught between reformers who were fighting the spoils system and those who wanted to continue it, and was defeated after one term.

Harrison's grandfather was President William Henry Harrison.

24. Grover Cleveland

Cleveland expanded the Civil Service and ended wasteful government programs. But an economic depression wrecked his second term.

Cleveland is the only President to be elected to two non-consecutive terms.

25. William McKinley

McKinley led the United States during the Spanish-American War. The United States won several important overseas colonies.

Only moments after handing a girl his "lucky" red carnation, McKinley was assassinated.

26. Theodore Roosevelt

Roosevelt was one of the most activist Presidents. His many accomplishments included the building of the Panama Canal, cracking down on business monopolies, and creating many national parks.

Roosevelt was the first President to visit a foreign country while in office.

27. William Howard Taft

Taft continued many of Roosevelt's policies. A conservative, he alienated the progressive wing of his party and lost reelection.

Taft is the only President who became a Supreme Court Justice.

28. Woodrow Wilson

After initially opposing World War I (1914-1918), Wilson led the United States into the war and drafted the peace plan that ended it. Wilson then fought to create the League of Nations, the forerunner of the United Nations.

Wilson was the first President to hold a news conference.

29. Warren G. Harding

Harding died in office, just as massive corruption in the Teapot Dome scandal was about to become public.

Harding's election was the first in which women voted.

30. Calvin Coolidge

Coolidge's term was marked by economic prosperity. However, he ignored signs that the stock market was likely to collapse.

Coolidge was known as "Silent Cal." Once a reporter said to him, "I bet my editor I could get more than two words out of you." Coolidge replied: "You lose."

31. Herbert C. Hoover

The stock market crashed a few months into Hoover's term. The Great Depression that followed was widely and some say unfairly blamed on Hoover.

Hoover organized relief efforts in Europe after both World Wars.

32. Franklin D. Roosevelt

Roosevelt led the nation during the Great Depression of the 1930s and to victory in World War II (1941-1945). He also greatly expanded the size and role of the federal government through his New Deal social programs.

Roosevelt is the only President elected four times.

33. Harry S. Truman

Truman made the fateful decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japan. World War II ended days later. Truman also led the United States during the Korean War (1950-1953).

On his desk, Truman had a plaque that said "The Buck Stops Here."

34. Dwight D. Eisenhower

A former World War II general and hero, Eisenhower helped end the Korean War and steered a moderate course during the Cold War.

One of America's most famous soldiers, "Ike" had wanted to go to the Naval Academy instead of West Point. He was turned down for being too old.

35. John F. Kennedy

In 1962, the United States and the Soviet Union hovered on the brink of nuclear war during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Kennedy eventually forced the Soviets to back down. He was assassinated in the third year of his term.

Kennedy is the only Roman Catholic to become President.

36. Lyndon B. Johnson

Johnson passed sweeping antipoverty and civil rights programs. However, he also involved the United States in the unpopular Vietnam War. Antiwar protests caused him to drop a reelection bid.

Johnson was sworn into office on an airplane after the Kennedy assassination.

37. Richard M. Nixon

During Nixon's first term, he improved relations with the Soviet Union and China and wound down the Vietnam War.

Following Nixon's reelection, news of the Watergate scandal forced Nixon to resign before Congress could impeach him. He is the only U.S. President in history to resign his office.

38. Gerald R. Ford

Ford became Vice President after Nixon's Vice President resigned in disgrace, and then President after Nixon resigned. His pardon of Nixon was unpopular, probably costing him reelection.

Ford is the only President never elected President or Vice President.

39. James (Jimmy) E. Carter

Carter had success promoting Middle East peace. But soaring oil prices, high inflation, and the Iran hostage crisis made him look weak and ineffectual.

Since leaving office, Carter has traveled the world doing charity work.

40. Ronald W. Reagan

Reagan is credited with reviving national pride after the turmoil of the 1960s and 1970s. He enjoyed great popularity, though his conservative policies were controversial.

Reagan is the only President to survive after being wounded by a would-be assassin.

41. George H. W. Bush

During Bush's term, the Soviet Union collapsed and the Cold War ended. He also led the United States in the 1991 Gulf War against Iraq. But economic troubles at home cost him his reelection bid.

Bush was the first sitting Vice President to be elected President since Martin Van Buren.

42. William (Bill) J. Clinton

When he was 16, Clinton met President Kennedy at the White House. The experience inspired his interest in politics.

Clinton achieved goals such as passage of the NAFTA trade agreement and cuts in the budget deficit. But his popularity was uneven and his second term was marred by scandal, including impeachment.

43. George W. Bush

Just eight months after being sworn in, President Bush had to unite a mournful country after the September 11th terrorist attacks. A self-proclaimed wartime commander-in-chief, President Bush, like his father, led the United States into war against Iraq.

Before focusing on national politics, George Bush was the managing partner and part owner of the Texas Rangers baseball team from 1989-1998.

44. Barack Obama

Barack Obama gained national recognition after he delivered the keynote address at the Democratic National Convention in 2004. He served as the U.S. Senator for Illinois from 2005 to 2008.

Barack Obama is the first African American president of the United States.

45. Donald Trump

Donald Trump was a businessman who began his career in real estate. He later became a reality television personality.

He is the first president who has neither held public office nor served in the military.

For more information about all of the United States presidents, visit The History Channel's website.

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Timeline Guide to the U.S. Presidents | Scholastic

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This special guide to the presidents highlights vital information about the men who have led our country. The first President unified the new nation and shaped the chief executive's duties. He refused to run for a third term. On their wedding day, Martha Washington gave him a miniature portrait of herself.

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Virtual Tour Georgia Rivers and Features

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Virtual Tour Georgia Rivers and Features

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Physical Features / Web / Virtual Field Trip / Web Version

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Regions / Web / Virtual Field Trip / Web Version

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Our Georgia Regions

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Our Georgia Regions

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This powerpoint introduces students to the 7 main rivers in Georgia.

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Kids learn about the history of Native American Indians in the United States. Educational articles for teachers, students, and schools including Native American daily life, homes, art, food, clothing, people, social structure, religion, and tribes.

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Welcome to Britannica School , a safe, up-to-date, and age-appropriate information resource for Elementary, Middle, and High School.

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How the Cherokee and Creek lived long-ago in Georgia

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The Creek Tribe was named after a creek in Georgia. Natives from other tribes came together to become one tribe. Most Creek people now live in Florida or Oklahoma.

The Creek people grew corn, beans, squash, and more. Corn was the basic crop they grew. The Creek tribe lived in towns. They built the towns near their farms so it was close to their food. They built houses with covered roofs of straw. The houses were built around a town center. The town center was where the Indians met to discuss important things.

The Creek men were hunters and fishers. They used bows and arrows to hunt. To fish, they used spears, nets, and hooks. They went to war when they needed to protect their family.

The Creek women were the farmers. The women did most of the cooking. They took care of the children. Both men and women took part in storytelling, artwork, and music.

The Creek men wore breechcloths and leather leggings. They did not wear shirts unless the weather was cool. The men would shave their head in the Mohawk style. They would sometimes wear headdresses. The men would paint their faces bright red before a battle or a tribal dance.

The women wore wraparound skirts. They would wear their long hair in a knot on top of their head. Women did not paint their faces. Both men and women wore moccasins on their feet.

Citation information

APA Style: Creek Tribe. (2015, March). Retrieved from Facts4Me at https://www.facts4me.com

MLA Style: "Creek Tribe." Facts4Me. Mar. 2015. https://www.facts4me.com.

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Facts4Me is an online reference tool for primary readers of English. This site is written by teachers and is committed to offering high-quality, educationally-sound information in an ad-free, child-safe environment.

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Native American Indian Tribes

Site Index

Facts about the Creek Native Indian Tribe
This article contains fast, fun facts and interesting information about the Creek Native American Indian tribe. Find answers to questions like where did the Creek tribe live, what clothes did they wear and what food did they eat? Discover what happened to the Creek tribe with facts about their wars and history.

Picture of the Creek Native Indian
The above picture depicts Steeh-tcha-kó-me-co, meaning Great King (called Ben Perryman), who was a Chief of the Creek / Muskogee. It was painted by the famous artist George Catlin (1796-1872) at Fort Gibson in 1834. The chief wore a fringed, tasselled, buff colored matchcoat, basically a blanket that was wrapped around the body, and this instance was hung over his shoulder. He wore decorative sashes across his chest and around his waist. His turban style headdress was worn by many of the southeastern tribes and made with strips of calico cloth wrapped around his head like a turban.

What was the lifestyle and culture of the Creek tribe?
The Creek tribe, who call themselves the Muscogee, are descendants of the Mississippian culture people, who built earthwork mounds at their villages located throughout the Mississippi River valley (refer to the Natchez Tribe for more facts about the mound building Native Indians). The Creek people established villages across the Deep South but their numbers were diminished by the diseases brought by the Europeans. During the War of Independence the Creek people who aligned themselves with the Americans were called White Sticks. Those who had sided with the British were called Red Sticks, supposedly due to the red-colored war clubs that they carried into battle. Following the War of Independence the 'civilizing programs' began. Many Creeks adopted European practises such as European style dress, houses, farming techniques, cotton plantations, the use of slaves and the Christian religion.

The Creek War (1813-1814), also known as the Red Stick War, erupted in Alabama and Georgia as American settlers continued to encroach on Creek lands. The Creek people were forced to relocate to Oklahoma in the 1830's and many Creeks fled to Florida where they found sanctuary with the Seminoles. The Creeks in Florida became embroiled in the Seminole Wars, led by the Red Stick Creek leader Wars with the Red Stick Creek
Osceola against the forced re-location of Florida Indians.

The wars ended in defeat and the people were sent to reservations and the Creek tribe became known as one of the The Five Civilised Tribes
Five Civilised Tribes who also included the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw and Seminoles tribes. The culture and social structure of the Creek people included a judiciary system, a written constitution, two legislative chambers and a public school system.

Where did the Creek tribe live?
The Creek are people of the Southeast Native American cultural group. The location of their tribal homelands are shown on the map. The geography of the region in which they lived dictated the lifestyle and culture of the Creek tribe.

The Southeast region extended mainly across the states of Louisiana, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia and Florida

Land: River Valleys, mountains and swamps

Climate: The climate was hot and humid in the summer and mild in the winter

Animals: The animals included rabbit, wild hog, turkey, opossum, raccoon, squirrel and deer

Crops: The Creek crops grown in the area were corn, beans, squash, melon and sweet potatoes

Natural resources: Fruit, seeds, pumpkins and nuts

What did the Creek tribe live in?
The Creek tribe lived in different styles of shelters over the years. The Mississippian culture people built earthwork mounds at their villages with grass houses. These early houses were built using a framework of poles and beams covered with wattle and daub mud. The walls were then covered by cane mats and a thatched grass roof.

The next style was the wattle and daub house made by weaving river cane, wood, and vines into a framework, then coating the frame with mud. The roof was either thatched with grass or shingled with bark. The American settlers brought new ideas and strong, sharp tools that replaced the stone axes and in the 1800's some of the Creeks began to build American-style log cabins.

Creek History Timeline

700AD: The Mississippian culture began

1542: Early contact with the Europeans began with their encounter with Hernando de Soto, the Spanish explorer

1500's: The Creek Alphabet was developed using symbols for letters. The Creek Alphabet was created by the ancient Taliwa people, believed to have descended from the Mound Builders.

1542: Epidemics of smallpox and measles and inter-tribal warfare with the Cherokee and Catawba diminish the Creek populations in the late 1500's and 1600's

1700's: The Creek syllabary first appeared in writing in the late 1700's

1702: (1702-1713) Queen Anne's War and the Muscogee (Creek) were allied to the British colonies and began raiding the Spanish Apalachee missions

1733: James Oglethorpe and his Georgia colonists arrived in 1733. Close contact and trade with the Europeans led to the establishment of strong cultural ties between the Creek and the newcomers

1775: Supported the British forces during the American Revolutionary War

1783: The State of Georgia began to expand into Creek territory

1790: The Treaty of New York, under the administration of George Washington, the Creek people ceded a significant portion of Creek lands to the US on the condition that they were allowed to live in the remaining territory

1796: Benjamin Hawkins was appointed the federal agent to the Creek tribe and began the 'civilizing programs' leading to the name of the Five Civilised Tribes

1813: Creek War (1813-1814) erupted in Alabama and Georgia. White settlers continue to encroach on Creek lands.

1813: The Fort Mims massacre on August 30, 1813, led by Chief Red Eagle, was a decisive victory for the Red Stick Creeks and spread panic throughout the Southeastern United States

1813: The 'Year the stars fell', the Leonid meteor shower was bad omen of a great disaster took place on the morning of November 13, 1833

1813: The Creek were defeated by American forces led by Andrew Jackson at Talladega

1814: The Red Stick Creeks were defeated at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend in Alabama by General Andrew Jackson, 750 Creeks were killed or drowned and the US troops started to burn all the Red Stick villages. Many surviving Red Stick Creek Indians fled from Alabama and headed towards Florida

1815: Creek people find sanctuary with the Seminoles of Florida, which was under Spanish rule. Tensions between the United States and Spanish Florida had begun to escalate

1816: President James Madison appoints David B. Mitchell, a former governor of Georgia, the federal agent to the Creek tribe. Mitchell undermines the Creeks' sovereignty and initiates acts to take all of their lands in Georgia

1817: General Andrew Jackson invaded Florida in pursuit of Seminole Indians sparking the start of the First Seminole War (1817-1818)

1819: The United States acquired Florida from Spain via the Adams Onis Treaty

1823: The 1823 Treaty of Moultrie Creek is signed by which the US seized the northern Seminole lands

1825: Creek Chiefs cede all Creek lands in Georgia to the United States in the Treaty of Indian Springs

1830: The Indian Removal Act of 1830

1834: The Creeks in the Deep South were forcibly marched to Oklahoma

1835: The Battle of Ouithlacoochie a victory under the leadership of Osceola, began the Second Seminole War

1837: General Thomas Jesup captured Osceola in a trap. He was sent to Fort Moultrie on Sullivans Island, outside Charleston, South Carolina

1838: Osceola died on January 31, 1838 in mysterious circumstances

1887: The Dawes Act

1893, President Grover Cleveland appoints Senator Henry L. Dawes, to negotiate land with the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw and Seminole tribes

1893: The Dawes Rolls, or the Final Rolls of the Five Civilized Tribes, entitled an allotment of land to tribe members, in return for abolishing their governments and recognizing Federal laws

1934: The individual allotment policy of the Dawes Act was terminated by the Indian Reorganization Act

Creek History Timeline

Interesting Facts and information about the way the Creek people lived

The clothes worn by men and women

Description of the homes and the type of food the Creek would eat

Fast Facts and info about the Creek

Names of famous Creek chiefs

Interesting Homework resource for kids on the history of the Creek Native American Indians

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Native American Indian Tribes Site Index Facts about the Creek Native Indian Tribe This article contains fast, fun facts and interesting information about the Creek Native American Indian tribe. Find answers to questions like where did the Creek tribe live, what clothes did they wear and what food did they eat?