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Maps of the region of each cahier

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Cahier of the peasants of Menouville

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Cahier of the shoemakers of Pontoise

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Cahier of the Third Estate of Paris

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Unit 3, Area of Study 1 (Outcome 1): Causes of the revolution

"The events and other conditions that contributed to the outbreak of revolution, including... peasant grievances, the calling of the Estates-General and the Cahiers de Doléances."

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Van Drie and Van Boxtel (2008) + Seixas (2017):

Use of sources (primary and secondary)

Contextualisation

Asking historical questions

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Beginning with an historical interpretation

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Beginning with an historical interpretation

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Timothy Tackett (1991):

"Of the considerable number of studies partially or totally based on these documents [the cahiers], the overwhelming majority have used them for one of two objectives: either to explore the attitudes of a single town or region… or to attempt generalisations about attitudes on specific subjects of the French population as a whole - using the cahiers in this way as a kind of national public opinion poll. But could the cahiers also be used to explore spatial variations in attitudes, to undertake… comparison of perceptions and sentiments throughout the different regions of the kingdom? Would it thus be possible to sketch a geography of opinion in 1789?"

- In "Use of the cahiers de doleances of 1789 for the analysis of regional attitudes", Mixtures of the French School of Rome: Italy and the Mediterranean, 103(1), p. 27.

The questions posed by Tackett in the excerpt will frame the historical inquiry for the lesson.

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Students will be split into 3 groups and receive a cahier of the Third Estate.

Each cahier will also be accompanied with a map of France in 1788 that locates the region of the cahier in relation to Paris.

Each of the cahiers and their maps are attached.

Questions for source analysis have also been included that use the Wineburg (2001) and Whitehouse (2018) models of source analysis:

Identification (who & where?);

Content analysis (what are the demands made?) and;

Context analysis (how does the region influence your understanding of the demands made in the cahier?).

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Students will then be split up into new groups, with one representative from each cahier. Students will need to negotiate 3 demands to present to the Estates-General that accurately represent the grievances within their own cahiers.

Each group will then present their demands to the class.

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1. What were the similarities and differences between the cahiers?
2. How did you find the process of negotiating your demands?
3. What did this activity reveal about the cahiers of the Third Estate?
4. What were the strengths and limitations of this activity?

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Corroborating Tackett's interpretation with the cahiers

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Corroborating Tackett's interpretation with the cahiers

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Class discussion: "Would it thus be possible to sketch a geography of opinion in 1789?"

How can we use the cahiers from the lesson to answer Tackett's question?

What do the cahiers reveal about the attitudes of grievances of the Third Estate in 1789 - were they united or varied?