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Refers to his audience as "my Christian and Jewish Brothers" to establish a closeness that both makes him seem relevant to them personally and calls the audience to attention/action. (Something about rhetorical distance?)

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whites were treated differently than blacks

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That huge run on sentence that made you simultaneously want to scream and cry? Yep. Lots of pathos. ("When you have seen vicious mobs...")

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Example: "when
you suddenly find your tongue twisted and your speech stammering as you seek to explain to your six-year-old daughter why she
cannot go to the public amusement park that has just been advertised on television, and see tears welling up in her little eyes" (p. 2)

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while it is address to the clergymen, it is specified that the audience is the supporters of end of segregation. "I am here in Birmingham because there is injustice."

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Anecdotes- His experiences as a black person in America and his leadership role during the Civil Rights Movement serve as a backbone for the letter, and is the main type of evidence throughout the text.

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Philosophical references to support arguments. Eg. "I-it" relationship for the "I-thou" relationship" (p. 7).

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Using examples Socrates, Jesus, and Paul to show the connection to himself as people who also wanted change.

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King explains that negotiation is a "better path", but every path to negotiation has been blocked.

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Shows why he is writing this letter in a passive agressive tone, to show how angry he is about what has happened.

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Makes concession about laws, followed by quick rebuttal: "Now, there is nothing wrong with an ordinance which requires a permit for a parade, but when the ordinance is used to preserve segregation...then it becomes unjust."

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The conflict is shown throughout because King addresses the audience. King also changes the mood throughout the text. A shift in tone is also visible, it transitions from professional and patient to furious.