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Form, alongside space, is a primary element of architecture (Crisman, 2016).

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Form may be defined as the configuration of a building (Crisman, 2016) or the mass which defines objects in space (Jirousek, 1995).
(Image taken from: https://i.pinimg.com/originals/ac/b6/c7/acb6c7a2f6a39a272299b189af6fce83.jpg)

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Given that architecture is created with the intention of providing a sheltered expanse within a structure's internal space for human occupation, this relationship between the two elements is of utmost importance (Crisman, 2016).

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This universally recognized axiom in architecture was proposed by Louis Sullivan. This means
that a building or structure's physical configuration is determined by its purpose or practical use. (Leynes, et al., n.d.) Its function must be the starting point of the building process. (Guggenheim.org, 2019). Given this axiom, form is accordingly altered when the function is changed. (Leynes, et al., n.d.)
(Image taken from: https://201designvlee.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/fallingwater.jpg)

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St. Paul’s Cathedral is the second largest church building in the United Kingdom, and the largest in the city of London (Weinreb, 2010).
(Image taken from: Samantha Co)

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It was designed by Sir Christopher Wren who began this task in 1669 in the English Baroque style. Medieval influences, specifically baroque architectural features from 17th century Rome, are evident in this English cathedral (Gardner, 2005).
(Image taken from: http://images.fineartamerica.com/images/artworkimages/mediumlarge/1/sir-christopher-wren-architect-science-source.jpg)

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In architecture, Baroque is almost synonymous to grand and dramatic. These are manifested in the extravagant use of curves, lines, colors, and embellishments that heighten the structures’ form. Aside from these, the Baroque style of architecture prioritizes size over proportion. Immensity and massiveness are emphasized without giving much concern to the ratio of measurements. Most importantly, the main intention behind this style of architecture is to evoke intense emotions (Blumberg, n.d.). Baroque is a sensual art and must therefore appeal to the viewers’ senses in a visceral, three-dimensional, and theatrical way (Ross, n.d.).
(Image taken from: https://www.ursusbooks.com/pictures/medium/120852.jpg?v=1439996957)

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The dome of St. Paul’s Cathedral may serve as the starting point in analyzing its architectural form since it is the most prominent exterior feature of the church. Wren largely based this work of his on St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome. He utilized peristyle, characterized by a continuous colonnade along the dome’s drum (Pevsner, 1964).
(Image taken from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BmsejntbXRw)

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The West Front of the cathedral was always a challenge for architects of this period since it was difficult to unite the high central nave with the lower aisles through the use of a facade. Wren’s solution to this problem was the employment of a Classical portico. He added his personal touch by supporting the portico on paired columns, and making it rise through two stories instead of one (Pevsner, 1964).

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In terms of interior, the church’s main space is that under the central dome, which encompasses the nave and aisles. The dome, from an internal viewpoint, is propped up on eight pendentives between eight pairs of arches (Summerson, 1983). Pendentives are concave triangular members that support a dome over a square space (Merriam Webster, n.d.). The dome also contains a Whispering Gallery supported by a cornice that runs above the arches’ keystones. A tall drum was built for the dome to be raised on, and it is surrounded by pilasters, windows, niches, and statues. Through these, the peristyle’s pattern on the exterior is mirrored in the interior (Lang, 1956).
(Image taken from: https://www.thehistoryhub.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/St.-Pauls-Cathedral-Interior-Dome.jpg)

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St. Paul’s Cathedral is one of the busiest churches in the United Kingdom with four to five daily services. This includes Matins, Eucharist, Evening Prayer or Choral Evensong, and special services and state functions in association with the City of London. Additionally, the cathedral now caters to tourists as well (stpauls.co.uk, n.d.).
(Image taken from: http://mappinghell.net/files/stpauls/st-pauls-london---floorplan-1223.gif)

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Wright’s axiom “form follows function” is adhered to by Wren in St. Paul’s Cathedral. The structure of the dome allows for a vast expanse under it for the main services of the church. Its size, the space it encompasses, and position of rooms and furniture have also been designed to accommodate the entry and exit of multitudes of worshippers and visitors. The windows between the pilasters on the dome permit natural light into the cathedral’s interior (stpauls.co.uk, n.d.). (Image taken from: https://traveldigg.com/st-pauls-cathedral-london-uk/)

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Blumberg, N. (n.d.). Baroque art and architecture - Architecture, painting, and sculpture. [online] Encyclopedia Britannica. Available at: https://www.britannica.com/art/Baroque-art-and-architecture/Architecture-painting-and-sculpture [Accessed 22 Sep. 2019].

Crisman, P. (2016). Form | WBDG - Whole Building Design Guide. [online] Wbdg.org. Available at: https://www.wbdg.org/resources/form [Accessed 22 Sep. 2019].

Fletcher, B. and Cordingley, R. (1961). A History of Architecture on the Comparative Method ... Seventeenth edition, revised by R.A. Cordingley. [With illustrations.]. 17th ed. London: Athlone Press, University of London.

Gardner, H., Mamiya, C. and Kleiner, F. (2005). Gardner's Art through the Ages.. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth.

Guggenheim. (n.d.). Form Follows Function. [online] Available at: https://www.guggenheim.org/arts-curriculum/topic/form-follows-function [Accessed 22 Sep. 2019].

Jirousek, C. (1995). Form, Shape and Space. [online] Char.txa.cornell.edu. Available at: http://char.txa.cornell.edu/language/element/form/form.htm [Accessed 22 Sep. 2019].

Lang, J. (1956). Rebuilding St. Paul's after the Great Fire of London. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Lewis, R. (2004). When Function Follows Form, the Result Can Be Innovative Architecture. [online] washingtonpost.com. Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/realestate/2004/01/24/when-function-follows-form-the-result-can-be-innovative-architecture/439a678f-a623-4a09-a592-c6c11c61798d/ [Accessed 22 Sep. 2019].

Pevsner, N. (1964). An Outline of European architecture. London: Pelican Books.

Ross, D. (n.d.). English Baroque Architecture. [online] Britain Express. Available at: https://www.britainexpress.com/architecture/baroque.htm [Accessed 22 Sep. 2019].

Stpauls.co.uk. (n.d.). Home - St Paul's Cathedral. [online] Available at: https://www.stpauls.co.uk/ [Accessed 22 Sep. 2019].

Summerson, J. (1983). Architecture in Britain. Harmondsworth [etc.]: Penguin Books.

Weinreb, B. and Weinreb, M. (2010). The London Encyclopaedia. London: Macmillan, p.778.

Yasser, M. (2017). Form & Function. [online] Theories Of Architecture. Available at: https://kfynm.wordpress.com/2017/09/05/form-function/ [Accessed 22 Sep. 2019].

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Function refers to the usage or the activity that will be held inside the space or building (Yasser, 2017).

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Aside from the definition above, buildings must also accommodate specified activities, provide shelter from external factors, and ensure comfort and security (Lewis, 2004).