# data[].attributes.body
MAPP is a community-led strategic planning approach for improving community health. It is facilitated by public health leaders and helps communities use strategic thinking to prioritize public health challenges and identify resources to address them. It takes a team approach to improve the proficiency, efficacy, and performance of local public health systems². It consists of six stages², which are as follows:

(a)       Organizing for success and partnership development; the goal of this phase is to develop the planning process and engage planning stakeholders. The planning stakeholders involve the core team, steering committee, and community members also, it includes designating roles/responsibilities, work plans, and budget worksheet development.

(b)      Visioning: This is a joint process for the identification of shared vision and values for direction to achieve the set goal.

(c)       Data collection and analysis: this involves data collection on four themes namely (a)community themes and strength assessment to understand vital issues identified by the people (b)local public health system assessment: which focuses on how essential facilities are provided within the community. (c)community health status assessment focuses on quality-of-life issues. (d)forces of change assessment focus on how policy and technology affect health system operation.

(d)      Identification and prioritization of strategic health issues

(e)      Goals, strategies, and action plan is developed from the prioritized health issues

(f)        Action cycle supports, involves planning, implementation, and evaluation of the intervention.

# data[].attributes.body
MAP-IT
Mobilize, Assess, Plan, Implement, Track (MAP-IT) is a method that uses an approach to help create, plan, and evaluate interventions for creating healthy communities . Using MAP-IT can be beneficial to practitioners in public health and individuals in the community to provide a framework that can help create and implement a plan that is tailored to the community’s identified needs and anticipate change within the community. MAP-IT involves time, effort, and the necessary steps that are needed to be used in the public health sector. The MAP-IT framework has 5 key influential components that are included in its approach to help to mobilize partners, assess the needs of communities, create and implement a plan to reach any objectives/goals, and track communities’ progress.

1. The first key component of the approach is mobilizing (i.e., mobilize), which includes identifying potential key individuals/stakeholders and organizations to form a coalition.

2. The second key component of the approach is assessing (i.e., assess). Assessing the needs and assets (i.e., resources) in the particular community will help public health practitioners and community members see what is available in the community and what is needed.

3. The third component of the approach is planning (i.e., plan). After establishing priorities that have been set from the data that was gathered, an action plan is needed with realistic approaches, steps and deadline.

4. The fourth component of the approach is implementing (i.e., implement). To implement the project, program, or intervention , an action plan is established to implement the strategies and action steps identified in the plan.

5. The fifth component of the approach is tracking (i.e., track). Monitoring and tracking events in the action plan are key to measuring progress over time.

# data[].attributes.body
About the CHANGE Tool

The Community Health Assessment and Group Evaluation (CHANGE) tool is a planning and data collection tool for a healthier community. The CHANGE tool, based on the socio-ecological model, allows stakeholders to work collaboratively to identify and prioritize areas of improvement in their community, which provides a guide for developing sustainable, community-based strategies to address the root cause of the problem. There are five phases to the community change process: commitment, assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation.

1) Commitment, which is the first phase, involves forming a coalition of key community stakeholders to identify the issues in the community alongside establishing external partnerships. The participation of community members in this first phase gives them ownership of the entire process.

2) The second phase, the assessment phase, involves getting information on the needs of the community. The assessment phase is crucial in the community change process because for the process to be effective and impactful, it must reflect the community's needs through their voices.

3) After the community's needs have been identified, community stakeholders take action to develop the community action plan for change in the planning phase.

4) The developed plan is executed in the implementation phase and requires maintenance and ownership from community members, stakeholders, and partners to be successful.

5) The evaluation phase gathers information on the ongoing program and provides recommendations on how to improve it in the future. Although listed as the last phase, the evaluation process should be considered from the beginning and woven throughout all phases.

# data[].attributes.body
The Community Tool Box provides 16 different toolkits that guide:
1.Assessment of community health and resources that are available to the community
2. Planning overall mission, goals, strategies, and action plan that are agreed upon by stakeholders and community

members
3. Acting on health issues that community has provided concerns on by mobilizing

people and implementing an intervention or strategy
4. Evaluating the strategy or initiative and

making adjustments as needed
5. Sustaining efforts by seeking resources and planning for long term institutionalization

# data[].attributes.body
Description of Process/Approach/Tool

NACCHO is a non-profit organization based in Washington, DC, and it is the representative of over 2800 local health departments (LHDs) all over the United States.1,4 The organization has roots going back to the 1960s (known back then as the National Association of County Health Officials, or NACHO), and expanded to NACCHO in 1994.⁴ Furthermore, NACCHO also expanded to include public health agencies for tribal organizations which encompass reservation areas and some tribal US cities and other designated areas in 2012.⁴ The organization is also directed by a Board of Directors (27 individuals) who meet four times during the year and are comprised of health officials, individuals from tribal regions, individuals from the National Association of Counties (NAC), and the US Conference of Mayors.⁴ One of the primary objectives of NACCHO is to give local health departments concise and the most updated information, expertise, and relevant resources for the strengthening of LHDs in areas like environmental health, community health, public health infrastructure, and public health emergency preparedness.⁴ Within NACCHO, there is the MAPP process, which, as described earlier, is an evidence-based plan for the engagement of the community, prioritization of health issues, resources, and an action plan that would support a healthier living lifestyle and it is a joint effort between NACCHO and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).7,8 The underlying principles are systems thinking (the examination of the structure of community health issues/systems for a lasting positive change), dialogue (diverse perspectives), shared vision (approval/ownership process by the increase of success), data, partnerships (stakeholder relationships and collaboration), strategic thinking, and successes (individual/group accomplishments).⁸

# data[].attributes.body
Critical Reflection #2: Asset Mapping

- A systematic process of cataloging key services, benefits, and resources within the community, such as individuals’ skill sets, organizational resources, physical space, institutions, associations, and elements of the local economy.

- These assets can be used by a program to overcome barriers to health.²⁻⁶

- Asset mapping is asset-based, internally focused and relationship driven.⁴

- The process can help to identify community assets and strengths; ensure the intervention’s relevance to community needs; and, obtain buy-in from the community.

# data[].attributes.body
Community Tool Box

Sixteen different toolkits to guide development of strategic plans, community health assessments, grant development, and evaluation efforts