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The 4.2 ka BP climate event was what some call a mega drought. It was what put a lot of societies to collapse, it did not help the soil with plants growing and had shortage of water. It had a 30-50% reduction in precipitation and colder temperatures. This is what happened to the Old Kingdom Egypt and Indus Valley. Today it would be hard to have such a big effect of drought and almost very rare. The drought in the 1940s-1950s seemed to be the last big drought, but that did not make our society collapse or move somewhere else. We stayed and made it work as much as possible. Even though the grass might not be green we do not pack up and move or collapse because of it, we continue to work and try to do the best we can in the situation we have.

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The rulers of the Western Roman Empire had a lot on their plate. Through all of the rulers and different reasons of collapse the food shortage did not help. Without food to feed the people they started to get sick and develop diseases which spread quickly. The war seemed to not help the food shortage, seems to follow the Hittite Empire as well. They did not get to eat fresh farmers food and had little to none by the time it was over. Today we have farmers market everywhere for people to buy fresh food whenever they need. This helps the farmers and the community, it keeps our society at float and not at will to collapse with food shortage.

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The Hittite Empire was constantly at war. When war is at play it is hard to have a lot of resources such as food. They had grain shortages throughout the area and the climate change did not help. While many people were at war it left the area with little to no people to stay and farm for food. This left most of the women and kids to be able to stay and take care of things, but they could not do it all. They could not do the farming work or the government work left behind, this left them with little knowledge and little food supply. The land started to fall. Food needed to be spent on the soldiers, but there was not enough to supply them. This factor did not help their collapse. In today's world, everyone is able to help in many ways. Women and men are home cooking and at warfighting. This helps us not collapse as quickly because people are able to pick their strengths and stay with them. Men are able to cook and farm just the same as everyone else to help society run smoothly.

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The Minoans went through hell. They had plenty of natural disasters at the beginning to drive them out of their homes, but they were stubborn and stayed despite it all. The earthquakes had them continually rebuild their houses and building in the area, the tsunami flooded the area constantly was hard to keep crops from growing. Today, right now Fargo-Moorhead area is going through a flood which is hard for farmers to plant crops for them to be ready in the fall. This flooded area, just like the Minoan, could harm our area and plants. This would not force people out of the area or a way for our society to collapse as we can find other ways to fix and try to recover. It seems North Dakota can go through a drought one year and a flood the next and still stand. The Minoan finally decided to leave I think because the volcano erupted and wrecked more than they could rebuild. Glad to know North Dakota is nowhere near a volcano.

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The waterway of the Indus Valley was almost made to perfection. They had enough supply to mend all their people and help with crops, planting, and growing food. Their effort was incredible and intricate. Today it seems in some areas are not as intricate because we can get water out of our tap and not have to store it like some. Such as other places that have a body of water near them such as a lake or the ocean. This helps their city be able to flow with water, as it might not all be drinkable water it sure does help the city keep moving. Fishing in the area, or attraction for others to spend money in the area. Having a body of water can change so much about a society, so why the Indus Valley decided to move when they had such a wonderful piece of water drawn out is still confusing.

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Seattle, Washington crane construction near the water

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The Akkadian seem to have some similair aspects with the Old Kingdom. Their land was to dry and brought drought for no food or water to help with people. The one mystery which stuck out to me when understanding the Akkadian culture is that when they left it showed unfinished buildings and things still left behind. They had unfinished buildings and places still with items there. Today many people finish their building, or when it becomes to old they decide to tear it down. We do not tend to just leave unattended buildings out for our collapse. Our land is good for us to stay and build more in the areas with space. Good land can bring people and make people stay to continue living, or it could drive them out by how bad it might be.

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As the old kingdom started to fall, they did not understand why? Many people think it was because their dynasty fell so they did not start to see the climate changing around them. The land started to become dry. The water was drying up, and making it harder to get water. Today in the western part of North Dakota sometimes we get droughts during the hot months. One year during the fourth of July we were unable to light off fireworks in order to not have a fire started for the farmers. They have worked hard trying to keep their crops and one little fire could have wrecked it with how dry it was that year. The picture provided is a scene of no fireworks on the fourth of July because of how the land and weather came to be that year. It shows that drought is still possible today of course, but it does not scare someone enough to up and move such as the old kingdom might have done.

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The first collapse we know of seems to me of more up and moving away. The people were able to hunt and gather food for the people who lived in the area, and where not understanding of farming quite yet. Even today, many people hunt for food. This is a picture of my brother getting his 2021 deer. The deer is able to feed my family for a long time. Hunting is still a used tradition today along side agriculture. From the first collapse many people could not come up with more food, so it seems that they had to be the ones to move to a place with more food. I know in the Dakota's many people hunt as sport and own guns, but bigger places such as California they do not have those things because they are not in the area for it. Having the right place to house and feed people is important and can lead to collapse if not done correctly.

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Trees explain to us how long time has passed. Allowing us to use proxy data helps. The tree pictured is from Seattle, Washington during a hike I was on. This showed me how long these trees of been here and how easily they could go away. Climate change in the area could also be depicted. The atmosphere was crisp as so many trees gave off oxygen, the trees were right by a waterfall for the hydrosphere to be rich. The cryosphere is the permafrost on the top of mountains which are in the area of Seattle. The lithosphere is the land or area in the trees grows in. Finally, the biosphere is where the living animals continue to have a home. This picture shows all the types of reconstructing a past climate. How all these factors make up our land and area all over can be found in this one picture to prove it all.