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How does the presence of autoplay on Instagram increases user engagement?

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How has messenging applications for personal use, under the WFH arrangement, affected psychological detachment from work during non-work hours?

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How does the time spent on Instagram affect the frequency of relationship-building interactions between friends? (i.e. friends: people that we meet up with at least once a year)

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How does Instagram affect reception/reaction to social issues?

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How does the amount of time spent on Instagram affect the self-confidence of Singaporean youths?

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1. Update your research question/hypothesis if you need;
2. How would you use survey techniques to answer your research question?
3. How would you use an experimental approach to answer your research question?
(1) What is your experiment design
a. Post test only?
b. Pre test and post test ?
(2) What is your independent variable?
(3) How many levels of the independent variable in your design?
(4) What is your dependent variable?
(5) How do you measure your dependent variable?

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Q2. Creating an online Google survey

Respondents would have to self-evaluate their usage of Instagram and answer the survey questions accordingly

Through the use of the survey, we would be able to find out more about people’s Instagram usage and the frequency of how much people interact with their friends through Instagram

Q3.

(1) Post-test

(2) Independent variable - Amount of time people spend on Instagram

(3) Dependent variable - Frequency of relationship-building interactions between friends

3 levels - high, medium, low of Instagram usage (measure by hours per week)

Q4. Number of reactions in the DMs, story replies, comments, sharing Instagram comments

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Q2. Google forms, open and close-ended questions
Q3
1) Pre and Post test
2) Amount of time spent on Instagram
3) IV: exposure to socio-political issues on Instagram (measure how much time was spent on social media viewing these issues)
4) DV: Degree of action taken
5) liking --> sharing --> protesting/volunteering
Contributing via donations; doing further research, reposting

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2. Closed-ended questions, Likert scale, Self-Esteem Scale.

3. 1)Pre and Post test survey.
Control group : 2 hrs a day
Treatment group: 6hrs a day
2) Hours spent on Instagram
3)- 2 vs 6 hrs
4)Level of self-confidence
5) Survey (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale)

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Q2) Online Survey (and interviews?)

Q3) Experiment
(1) Post-test only
(2) The presence of messaging applications for personal use
(3) 2 - whether there is the presence of messaging applications, and whether there isn't
(4) Level of psychological detachment
(5) The amount of time spent on work during non-work hours, amount of time spent resting

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Q2 Google form to conduct online surveys. Both open and close ended questions
Control Group: only look at instagram posts
Treatment Group: only look at instagram stories

Q3
1) Only doing post test as we are unable to remove auto play function on Instagram
2) presence/absence of autoplay feature on Instagram

3) 2 levels - presence and absence of IG story
4) User engagement
5) Time spent on Instagram, stats provided by Instagram (stories activity)

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advantages of survey:
- easier to carry out
- inexpensive
- existing database that we can already tap on (readily available survey data)
- external validity (more generalised to the population as compared to experiments bc of natural setting; a lab setting may make us act unnatural) - effect of what we are measuring cannot be summed in just a couple hours but is more of a long term process that requires them to be more natural hence a survey is better

advantages of experiment:
- control the variables instead of relying on self report - so more accurate measurements of the posts seen and can see what the subjects do in real time
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Advantages of survey:

Relatively low cost - don’t need a lab to measure these things

Natural setting - no labs, so it won’t affect how they behave/answer the survey

No experimental bias

Convenient - can share with a lot of people so you can get a large sample and don’t need to waste time coming down to take the survey

Why is the experimental design better:

Survey questions can be quite hard to interpret so an experiment may be easier to explain the question to them and lead to more accurate results

Experiment can also be replicated in future

Account for any other confounding variables or experimental factors

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Survey

Advantages:

Convenience, save costs

can reach a larger population

keep anonymity of respondents - more likely to be truthful

Disadvantages:

but on another hand anonymity may lead to respondents lying in their answers

Unable to keep track if they follow the experiment or not

Experiment

Advantages:

Can have more control

More in depth discussion

Disadvantages:

Participants may be influenced by others subconsciously (social desirability bias)

Hard to monitor - hours spent on Instagram may not be consistent

Difficult to get willing participants

Larger sample size will lead to more resources/manpower needed - may face resource constraints

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Survey:
- Much more feasible because people may not want to jeopardize their work performance for the sake of this experiment
- Inexpensive
Experiment:
- Can better compare the two groups (using messenging apps and not using)
- Can better control the variables