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Streptococcus thermophilus is a good bacteria that is normally in yogurt. it helps your immune system and improve your digestive health.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis. 

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bad bacteria 

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bad bacteria 

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis.

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These beneficial bacteria digest dietary fiber, help prevent infection and produce vitamins and other important chemicals.

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Probiotics are live bacteria that are good for us, that balance our good and bad intestinal bacteria, and that aid in digestion of food and help with digestive problems, such as diarrhea and bellyache. Bacteria that are examples of probiotics are Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium

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is beneficial for humans, breaks down food,absorbs nutrient, and fights off bad organisms like E.coli shttps://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-790/lactobacillus#:~:text=Many%20bacteria%20and%20other%20organisms,cause%20diseases%20such%20as%20diarrhea.

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These beneficial bacteria digest dietary fiber, help prevent infection and produce vitamins and other important chemicals.

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Bifidobacteria are good bacteria found in your gut. This article explains why they’re so important for your health and how you can increase their levels.

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Gives you diarrhea and is unbeneficial to humans https://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/food-poisoning/what-is-e-coli#:~:text=coli%20(Escherichia%20coli)%2C%20is,food%20or%20drink%20fouled%20water.

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Probiotics are live bacteria that are good for us, that balance our good and bad intestinal bacteria, and that aid in digestion of food and help with digestive problems, such as diarrhea and bellyache. Bacteria that are examples of probiotics are Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium
Helps your bodie
We Are Never Alone: Living with the Human Microbiota ...
Probiotics are bacteria that help digestion

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gets you sick badly

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Escherichia coli (abbreviated as E. coli) are bacteria found in the environment, foods, and intestines of people and animals. E. coli are a large and diverse group of bacteria. Although most strains of E. coli are harmless, others can make you sick. Some kinds of E. coli can cause diarrhea, while others cause urinary tract infections, respiratory illness and pneumonia, and other illnesses.

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Escherichia coli (abbreviated as E. coli) are bacteria found in the environment, foods, and intestines of people and animals. E. coli are a large and diverse group of bacteria. Although most strains of E. coli are harmless, others can make you sick. Some kinds of E.

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it will make you sic through oral ingestion, makes you dehydrated. can e carried in dogs and cats but are rare.

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On this page:

Salmonella bacteria cause the foodborne illness salmonellosis. Named after Daniel E. Salmon, a veterinarian who spent his career studying animal diseases for the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Salmonella bacteria have been known to make people sick since 1885.

The Statistics at a Glance

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate that each year in the U.S., there are about 1.35 million cases of salmonellosis, with 26,500 hospitalizations and 420 deaths. Contaminated food is the source for most of these cases. Salmonellosis is the second leading cause of foodborne illness in the U.S., after norovirus.

Characteristics

There are many different groups, called serotypes, of Salmonella. Scientists classify each serotype based on the structures on the bacteria's surface. Some Salmonella serotypes are found in only one kind of animal or in only one place. Others are found in many different animals and all over the world. The serotypes also differ in how often they cause illness in people and in what types of food and other places they contaminate. Some serotypes can cause severe illness in people, while other cause milder illness. Scientists have described more than 2,500 Salmonella serotypes, but less than 100 cause most cases of salmonellosis in people. Both FDA and CDC consider all serotypes capable of infecting people.

Freezing and drying, which typically prevent the growth of bacteria, do not kill Salmonella. The bacteria can survive several weeks in dry environments and several months in wet environments.
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How People Become Infected

People commonly get infected with Salmonella by eating contaminated food, such as:

Raw or undercooked meat and poultry products;

Raw or undercooked eggs and egg products;

Raw or unpasteurized milk and other dairy products; and

Raw fruits and vegetables.

People can also become infected with Salmonella by handling contaminated food, and then accidentally transferring the bacteria from their hands to their mouth. If people get Salmonella on their hands or clothes, they can spread the bacteria to other people, objects, and surfaces.

Pet food can sometimes be the source of Salmonella infection. If people handle contaminated pet food or a contaminated utensil and then touch their mouth, they can accidentally ingest the bacteria. Pet food that contains raw or uncooked meat is more likely than processed pet food to test positive for Salmonella.

Many animals, especially cattle, chickens, rodents, reptiles, and amphibians, can naturally carry Salmonella in their intestines and show no signs of illness. People can get salmonellosis from handling these animals. Salmonella can also get on the inside and outside of cages, aquariums and terrariums. Feeder rodents fed to some pet reptiles and amphibians can be a source of the bacteria. Direct contact with feeder rodents or contaminated items in animal habitats can spread Salmonella to people.
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Salmonellosis in People

Salmonella infection most often causes gastroenteritis, which can range from mild to severe. Symptoms in people start within 6 hours to 6 days after ingesting the bacteria and include:

Most people recover from salmonellosis in 4 to 7 days without treatment. In some cases, the diarrhea may be so severe that the person needs to be hospitalized. In a person with severe diarrhea, the bacteria may spread from the intestines to the bloodstream and then to other places in the body. If this happens, the disease can be fatal unless the person is treated promptly with antibiotics.

Children under 5, pregnant women, the elderly, and people with weakened immune systems (such as those with cancer or other diseases) have a higher risk of getting salmonellosis and are more likely to have severe symptoms.
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Salmonellosis in Dogs and Cats

Salmonellosis is uncommon in dogs and cats, but they can be carriers of the bacteria. This means that even if the pets don't show symptoms of salmonellosis, they can still shed Salmonella in their stool and saliva and then spread the bacteria to the home environment and to people and other pets in the household. For example, cats can spread Salmonella through shared litter boxes or when roaming throughout the house, such as on kitchen countertops. Some ways dogs can spread the bacteria is when they give people kisses or have stool accidents inside the home. Pet waste from both sick and healthy pets can be a source of infection for people.

When the disease is seen in an adult dog or cat, the animal typically has another infection or health problem at the same time. Puppies and kittens are more likely to show signs of disease. Signs of salmonellosis in dogs and cats include:

Vomiting;

Diarrhea (which may be bloody);

Fever;

Loss of appetite; and

Decreased activity level.

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Salmonellosis in Horses

Salmonellosis is a common cause of diarrhea in adult horses. Horses can become infected with Salmonella by coming into contact with the bacteria in a contaminated environment, eating contaminated feed, or drinking contaminated water. Horses can also become infected by direct contact with animals that are actively shedding the bacteria in their stool.

Stress appears to play an important role. Often, a horse sick with salmonellosis has recently:

Had surgery;

Been hospitalized;

Been transported;

Had a change in feed;

Had another disease, particularly colic; or

Been treated with antibiotics.

There are three forms of salmonellosis in adult horses:

Carrier-horses appear healthy but intermittently shed Salmonella in small numbers in their stool. Carrier horses can spread the bacteria to other horses by direct contact or by contaminating the environment or feed and water sources. If stressed, carrier horses may show signs of salmonellosis.

Mild-horses have a decreased activity level, fever, loss of appetite, and soft but not watery stool. Signs may last 4 to 5 days and usually go away on their own. After recovery, horses may continue to shed Salmonella in their stool for days to months.

Sudden and severe-horses have a severely decreased activity level, fever, and loss of appetite. These signs come on suddenly. Diarrhea develops 6 to 24 hours after the fever. The diarrhea is fluid and foul smelling, and horses can become dehydrated quickly. There may be signs of stomach pain, straining, or severe colic. Horses may develop a blood infection and clotting problems. The disease progresses quickly, and if untreated, this form of salmonellosis is often fatal.

Salmonellosis can occur in newborn foals, causing a blood infection followed by diarrhea.
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Animal Feed and Pet Food Recalls due to Salmonella Contamination

Animal feed and pet food are recalled for various reasons, including for the presence of Salmonella. For a list of recalled animal feed and pet food products and the reason for the recall, please see FDA's Recalls & Withdrawals webpage.

Resources for You

FDA

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

U.S. Department of Agriculture

Foodsafety.gov

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Additional References

Boyd EF, Li J, Ochman H, Selander RK. Comparative genetics of the inv-spa invasion gene complex of Salmonella enterica.  J Bacteriol. 1997;179(6):1985-1991.

Gruenberg W. Overview of salmonellosis. Merck Veterinary Manual. Accessed Jun 3, 2019. Available at: https://www.merckvetmanual.com/digestive-system/salmonellosis/overview-of-salmonellosis.

Haraga A, Ohlson MB, Miller SI. Salmonellae interplay with host cells. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2008;6(1):53-66.

Reimschuessel R, Grabenstein M. Guag J, et al. Multilaboratory survey to evaluate Salmonella prevalence in diarrheic and nondiarrheic dogs and cats in the United States between 2012 and 2014. J Clin Microbiol. 2017;55(5):1350-1368.

Scallan E, Hoekstra RM, Angulo FJ, et al. Foodborne illness acquired in the United States-major pathogens. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011;17(1):7-15.

Stewart AJ. Salmonellosis in horses. Merck Veterinary Manual. Accessed Jun 3, 2019. Available at: https://www.merckvetmanual.com/digestive-system/intestinal-diseases-in-horses-and-foals/salmonellosis-in-horses.
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Salmonella bacteria cause the foodborne illness salmonellosis. Named after Daniel E. Salmon, a veterinarian who spent his career studying animal diseases for the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Salmonella bacteria have been known to make people sick since 1885.

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Give examples of how certain strains of bacteria can be harmful to an organism, such as a human. Why is the bacteria harmful?

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Give examples of how certain strains of bacteria can be harmful to an organism, such as a human. Why is the bacteria harmful?

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Overview

Salmonella infection (salmonellosis) is a common bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract. Salmonella bacteria typically live in animal and human intestines and are shed through feces. Humans become infected most frequently through contaminated water or food.

Typically, people with salmonella infection have no symptoms. Others develop diarrhea, fever and abdominal cramps within eight to 72 hours. Most healthy people recover within a few days without specific treatment.

In some cases, the diarrhea associated with salmonella infection can be so dehydrating as to require prompt medical attention. Life-threatening complications also may develop if the infection spreads beyond your intestines. Your risk of acquiring salmonella infection is higher if you travel to countries with poor sanitation.

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Symptoms

Salmonella infection is usually caused by eating raw or undercooked meat, poultry, eggs or egg products. The incubation period ranges from several hours to two days. Most salmonella infections can be classified as stomach flu (gastroenteritis). Possible signs and symptoms include:

Signs and symptoms of salmonella infection generally last two to seven days. Diarrhea may last up to 10 days, although it may take several months before bowels return to normal.

A few varieties of salmonella bacteria result in typhoid fever, a sometimes deadly disease that is more common in developing countries.

Causes

Salmonella bacteria live in the intestines of people, animals and birds. Most people are infected with salmonella by eating foods that have been contaminated by feces. Commonly infected foods include:

Raw meat, poultry and seafood. Feces may get onto raw meat and poultry during the butchering process. Seafood may be contaminated if harvested from contaminated water.

Raw eggs. While an egg's shell may seem to be a perfect barrier to contamination, some infected chickens produce eggs that contain salmonella before the shell is even formed. Raw eggs are used in homemade versions of mayonnaise and hollandaise sauce.

Fruits and vegetables. Some fresh produce, particularly imported varieties, may be hydrated in the field or washed during processing with water contaminated with salmonella. Contamination also can occur in the kitchen, when juices from raw meat and poultry come into contact with uncooked foods, such as salads.

The Food and Drug Administration also indicates that some salmonella outbreaks have been traced to contaminants in spices. The agency is seeking ways to increase the safety of spices.

Many foods become contaminated when prepared by people who don't wash their hands thoroughly after using the toilet or changing a diaper. Infection also can occur if you touch something that is contaminated, including pets, especially birds and reptiles, and then put your fingers in your mouth.

Risk factors

Factors that may increase your risk of salmonella infection include activities that may bring you into closer contact with salmonella bacteria and health problems that may weaken your resistance to infection in general.

Increased exposure

International travel. Salmonella infection, including varieties that cause typhoid fever, is more common in developing countries with poor sanitation.

Owning a pet bird or reptile. Some pets, particularly birds and reptiles, can carry salmonella bacteria.

Stomach or bowel disorders

Your body has many natural defenses against salmonella infection. For example, strong stomach acid can kill many types of salmonella bacteria. But some medical problems or medications can short-circuit these natural defenses. Examples include:

Antacids. Lowering your stomach's acidity allows more salmonella bacteria to survive.

Inflammatory bowel disease. This disorder damages the lining of your intestines, which makes it easier for salmonella bacteria to take hold.

Recent use of antibiotics. This can reduce the number of "good" bacteria in your intestines, which may impair your ability to fight off a salmonella infection.

Immune problems

The following medical problems or medications appear to increase your risk of contracting salmonella by impairing your immune system.

AIDS

Sickle cell disease

Malaria

Anti-rejection drugs taken after organ transplants

Corticosteroids

Complications

Salmonella infection usually isn't life-threatening. However, in certain people - especially infants and young children, older adults, transplant recipients, pregnant women, and people with weakened immune systems - the development of complications can be dangerous.

Dehydration

If you can't drink enough to replace the fluid you're losing from persistent diarrhea, you may become dehydrated. Warning signs include:

Decreased urine output

Dry mouth and tongue

Sunken eyes

Reduced production of tears

Bacteremia

If salmonella infection enters your bloodstream (bacteremia), it can infect tissues throughout your body, including:

The tissues surrounding your brain and spinal cord (meningitis)

The lining of your heart or valves (endocarditis)

Your bones or bone marrow (osteomyelitis)

The lining of blood vessels, especially if you've had a vascular graft

Reactive arthritis

People who have had salmonella are at higher risk of developing reactive arthritis. Also known as Reiter's syndrome, reactive arthritis typically causes:

Eye irritation

Painful urination

Painful joints

Prevention

The Department of Agriculture has created a Salmonella Action Plan, which involves updating the poultry slaughter inspection system and enhancing sampling and testing programs for poultry and meat. The plan's purpose is to cut the number of salmonella infections in the United States.

You can also take care to avoid spreading bacteria to others. Preventive methods are especially important when preparing food or providing care for infants, older adults and people with weakened immune systems. Be sure to cook food thoroughly and refrigerate or freeze food promptly.

Wash your hands

Washing your hands thoroughly can help prevent the transfer of salmonella bacteria to your mouth or to any food you're preparing. Wash your hands after you:

Use the toilet

Change a diaper

Handle raw meat or poultry

Clean up pet feces

Touch reptiles or birds

Keep things separate

To prevent cross-contamination:

Store raw meat, poultry and seafood away from other foods in your refrigerator

If possible, have two cutting boards in your kitchen - one for raw meat and the other for fruits and vegetables

Never place cooked food on an unwashed plate that previously held raw meat

Avoid eating raw eggs

Cookie dough, homemade ice cream and eggnog all contain raw eggs. If you must consume raw eggs, make sure they've been pasteurized.

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Salmonella infection - Symptoms and causes

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Salmonella infection (salmonellosis) is a common bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract. Salmonella bacteria typically live in animal and human intestines and are shed through feces. Humans become infected most frequently through contaminated water or food. Typically, people with salmonella infection have no symptoms. Others develop diarrhea, fever and abdominal cramps within eight to 72 hours.

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Give examples of how certain strains of bacteria can be beneficial to an organisms, such as a human. Why is the bacteria beneficial?

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Give examples of how certain strains of bacteria can be beneficial to an organisms, such as a human. Why is the bacteria beneficial?

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Atlas Biomed blog | Take control of your health with no-nonsense news on lifestyle, gut microbes and genetics

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Discover five important microbes that live in your colon, whose activities protect your health and digestive wellbeing.

There are trillions of bacterial cells in your gut, and some of these microbes perform important functions for your health. Preventing weight gain, controlling inflammation, and maintaining the integrity of the gut lining are just a few unique functions they perform.

Find out what ones to look out for in your Atlas Microbiome Test results, and why researchers are so impressed by what they do for the human body. They are all equally fascinating, so we've organised them from A-Z (not best to least best because that would be scientifically inaccurate).

Akkermansia muciniphila:

weight management and obesity protection

Adlercreutzia equolifasciens:

produces an important antioxidant from soy

Barnesiella:

fights off antibiotic-resistant infections

Christensenella minuta:

lean body mass and obesity protection

Oxalobacter formigenes

protects against the formation of kidney stones

1. Akkermansia muciniphila
These microbes strengthen the gut lining, and by doing so, protect against obesity and weight gain, as well as metabolic disturbances like insulin resistance.
The gut lining is an essential barrier that controls what can enter the body, and it is lined with mucus (a good thing) that strengthens it. The outer layer of mucus provides a home for bacteria while the inner layer is compact and devoid of microbes.

Scientists surmise that the inner layer of mucus acts as a filter, preventing microbes from penetrating this barrier, which can cause inflammation. It also stops them from travelling in the bloodstream to places they shouldn't, like the lungs, where they can cause an infection.

A. muciniphila feed on the mucins (that compose the mucus layer), using them as an energy substrate. In turn, the cells of the gut lining respond by creating more mucus, controlling inflammation and building up the thickness of this important layer of protection.

2. Adlercreutzia equolifasciens
These bacteria turn compounds found in soy into a special antioxidant that may help prevent cancers and heart disease.
Soybeans have been staples of the Asian diet for millennia, and because they're cheap to produce, they made their way into processed foods. Now, with the rise of vegetarian eating strategies, soy in its many forms (tofu, tempeh, natto, miso) has become a popular animal-friendly feature in the West.

Soybeans have been in the Asian diet for millennia

This legume contains daidzein and genistein, two isoflavones (no, they're not German) of the phytoestrogen group that can help modulate immune system activity and prevent hormone-related cancers, post-menopausal symptoms, heart disease, osteoporosis, and even help preserve cognitive function.

A. equolifasciens has the rare ability to transform daidzein and genistein into equol, an isoflavone with stronger antioxidant activities that also has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects.

Research indicates that equol may help prevent and reduce the risk of several cancers (including gastric, breast, and prostate cancers). It may also play a role in preventing hyperglycaemia linked to diabetes.

3. Barnesiella
This species has the ability to prevent pathogenic species of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from colonising the gut.
Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem in modern-day medicine. Microbes evolve quickly in response to threats, creating new weapons to survive and thrive. The widespread use of antibiotics has stimulated their evolutionary drive to avoid being killed.

In particular, common gut bacteria of the Enterococcus genus are no longer susceptible to vancomycin. This is a problem because they are apt to become overabundant in the gut of sick people, causing serious infections.

Barnesiella, a genus of bacteria, is able to prevent vancomycin-resistant enterococci from colonising the gut, and has even been used to cure infections caused by them. It can even enhance the effectiveness of immunomodulatory therapy for certain types of cancer.

4. Christensenella minuta
These hereditary microbes are more abundant in people of lean body mass, indicating benefits for weight management.
Obesity is a serious health problem nowadays, affecting adults and a growing number of children. But carrying excess adipose tissue is far from an aesthetic debate, it disturbs the delicate balance of the body's metabolism and makes people more susceptible to chronic, preventable diseases.

Christensenella is a heritable microbe passed down through families (yes, that's right). Studies also indicate that these bacteria are enriched in the gut microbiome of people of lean body mass (BMI <25), compared to obese study participants, suggesting links between this newly discovered genus and healthy weight control.

5. Oxalobacter formigenes
This species of bacteria has the ability to break compounds in plants that can cause calcium stones in the kidneys.
Oxalates are naturally-occurring plant compounds that are absorbed in the gut and are usually removed from the body in your urine. They have the ability to bind with calcium during their journey to your toilet, and that's usually not a problem.

However, if a person's diet contains too many oxalates, which are then absorbed by the colon and bind to calcium along the way, this can cause the most common type of kidney stones: calcium oxalate stones.

Stones are fine outdoors, but not when they form in the kidneys

O formigenes are fascinating because they actually break down the oxalates from your food in the gut. By doing so, they reduce the amount of oxalate absorbed by the body. Studies analysing levels of O formigenes in stool are associated with the levels of calcium oxalate in urine.

The researchers further suggest that the presence of these bacteria in the microbiome can reduce a person's risk of calcium oxalate kidney stones by up to 70%, and having none can significantly increase the levels of this compound that pass through the kidneys.

What now?

While it's not recommended, nor desirable, to attempt to pick and choose promoting some microbes over others, just by making simple changes to your diet can encourage beneficial bacteria to inhabit your microbiome.

A diverse gut microbiome with lots of different commensal and beneficial bacteria can enhance your protection from common diseases, help you maintain a healthy weight, and even defend you against infections.

GC Hansson, Role of mucus layers in gut infection and inflammation, 2012

AM Rodriguez-Pineiro & MEV Johansson, The colonic mucus protection depends on the microbiota, 2015

FF Anhe et al., Triggering Akkermansia with dietary polyphenols: A new weapon to combat the metabolic syndrome?, 2016

A Everard et al., Cross-talk between Akkermansia muciniphila and intestinal epithelium controls diet-induced obesity, 2013

A Riviere et al., Bifidobacteria and Butyrate-Producing Colon Bacteria: Importance and Strategies for Their Stimulation in the Human Gut, 2016

T Maruo et al., Adlercreutzia equolifaciens gen. nov., sp. nov., an equol-producing bacterium isolated from human faeces, and emended description of the genus Eggerthella, 2008

KP Ko, Isoflavones: chemistry, analysis, functions and effects on health and cancer, 2014

KDR Setchell & C Clerici, Equol: Pharmacokinetics and Biological Actions, 2010

M Daillere et al., Enterococcus hirae and Barnesiella intestinihominis Facilitate Cyclophosphamide-Induced Therapeutic Immunomodulatory Effects, 2016

C Ubeda et al., Intestinal Microbiota Containing Barnesiella Species Cures Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Colonization, 2012

L. Madsen et al., Links between Dietary Protein Sources, the Gut Microbiota, and Obesity, 2017

JK Goodrich et al., Human genetics shape the gut microbiome, 2015

DW Kaufman et al., Oxalobacter formigenes May Reduce the Risk of Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stones, 2008

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Top 5 Gut Bacteria With Unusual Health Benefits

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There are trillions of bacterial cells in your gut, and some of these microbes perform important functions for your health. Preventing weight gain, controlling inflammation, and maintaining the integrity of the gut lining are just a few unique functions they perform.