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Oneida Community

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Founder and a Shaker.

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George Ripley founded and created Brook Farm in April 1841.
Ripley believed in individual freedoms and humane relationship. He want to bring Harmony between values, ideas and spiritual matters. He also believed that doing manual labour brings good health in both mental and physical.

This was an experimental society. The community wanted to created a social Harmony and everyone did the work. The experiment was short lived due to a fire caught in the farm in 1846. After the following year, the group disbanded.

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Robert Owen wanted to create a society based on education and not on religion. He was influenced by the industrialization in his home, Scotland and brought it over to America.
Owen wanted a community that gave children education, stressed on gender equality, and he didn't want religion to play a major role on everyone's lives.
However, there were some flaws in his ideas, parents were irked when they were starting to see less of their children due to school and even though he stressed on gender equality, girls stayed at home and did little studies at all.

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John Humphrey Noyes founded the community. Noyes and the rest of his followers went West to Oneida, New York, and in 1848 they founded the community of the Oneida Perfectionists.
However everything was strict and they denied the charge of free love (Complex marriage). Sexual relations were strictly regulated, and the propagation of children was a matter of community control.

In 1879, Noyes fled the community, never returning to the US, and shortly afterward, he wrote to his followers to abandoned the practice of complex marriage.

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Founded in the 18th century in England by Ann Lee, this group branched off from a Quaker community. They were known as "Shaking Quakers" because of their ecstatic behaviour during worship services.
Only a handful of Shakers came to North American in 1774.
They believed that they must lived communally, must practice celibate, confess their sins regularly and must separate themselves from the outside world in order to achieve perfection.
The reason why it failed due to the lack of members joining.