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PPM Decreases
1. Scrap    and reject costs 2. Downtime costs
3. Cost of lost sales volume
4. Total cost of maintenance
5. Urgent or emergency interrupts due to breakdowns 6. Unnecessary damage to equipment 7. High priority, randomly occurring unscheduled work 8. Material and spare parts inventories 9. Total labor required to maintain the facility

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Common Preventive Maintenance Techniques for
Operating Systems
OS Preventive Maintenance Plan
To ensure that an OS remains fully functional, you must implement a preventive maintenance plan. A preventive
maintenance plan provides the following benefits to users and organizations:
• Decreased downtime
• Improved performance
• Improved reliability
• Decreased repair costs
Preventive Maintenance Planning
Preventive maintenance plans should
include detailed information about the
maintenance of all computers and network
equipment. The plan should prioritize
equipment that would affect the
organization the most if it goes down.
Preventive maintenance for an OS
includes automating tasks to perform
scheduled updates. Preventive
maintenance also includes installing
service packs that help keep the system up
to date and compatible with new software
and hardware. Preventive maintenance
includes the following important tasks:
• Hard drive backup
• Hard drive defragmentation
• Updates to the OS and applications
• Updates to antivirus and other protective software
• Hard drive error checking
• Perform preventive maintenance regularly, and record all actions taken and observations made. A repair log
helps you determine which equipment is the most or least reliable. It also provides a history of when a computer
was last fixed, how it was fixed, and what the problem was.
• Some preventive maintenance should take place when it causes the least amount of disruption to the people who
use the computers. This often means scheduling tasks at night, early in the morning, or over the weekend. There
are also tools and techniques that can automate many preventive maintenance tasks.

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SECURITY MAINTENANCE

INTRODUCTION
Organization should avoid overconfidence after implementation of improved information security profile.
Organizational changes that may occur include: new assets acquired; new vulnerabilities emerge; business priorities shift; partnerships form or dissolve; organizational divestiture and acquisition; employee hire and turnover.If program does not adjust, may be necessary to begin cycle again.

Security Management Models
Management model must be adopted to manage and operate ongoing security program. Models are frameworks that structure tasks of managing particular set of activities or business functions

ISO MODEL
Five-layer approach that provides structure to administration and management of networks and systems.Five areas of ISO model transformed into five areas of security management:

-Fault management

-Configuration and change management

-Accounting and auditing management

-Performance management

-Security program management
FAULT MANAGEMENT
Identifying, tracking, diagnosing, and resolving faults in system.
PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT
Important to monitor performance of security systems and underlying IT infrastructure to determine if they are working effectively.
THE MAINTENANCE MODEL
Designed to focus organizational effort on maintaining systems.

Recommended maintenance model based on five
subject areas

-External monitoring

-Internal monitoring

-Planning and risk assessment

-Vulnerability assessment and remediation

-Readiness and review

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-For example we can look the video below
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZ43misC0s0

Preventive Maintenance  Technique

-Scheduled backups

-Scheduled disk maintenance

-Scheduled defragmentation

-Windows updates

-Patch management

-Antivirus updates

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MOHAMMAD ISYRAQI BIN MOHD DISA 03DDT16F1076

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MOHAMMAD ISYRAQI BIN MOHD DISA 03DDT16F1076

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PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE AND TECHNIQUES
A good preventative maintenance program incorporates a comprehensive backup plan, measures to secure the system against malicious exploits, periodic hardware and software maintenance, and steps to maintain general system tidiness. The goals of preventative maintenance are to reduce the likelihood of hardware failures, extend the useful life of the system, minimize system crashes caused by outdated drivers and other software problems, secure the system against viruses and other malware, and prevent data loss.

Backing up the system

Maintaining a good set of backups is a critical part of preventative maintenance.

Data being corrupted by viruses or hardware problems

Accidentally deleting, overwriting, or modifying important files

Catastrophic data loss, such as fire or theft of your equipment

To protect against those and other threats, the only reliable solution is to make backup copies of your data periodically to some form of removable media, such as tapes, optical discs, or removable hard drives.

There are many types of Preventive Maintenance Programs:

Time based (two shots of grease per week)

Condition based (if it’s squeaking then lets tighten)

Failure Finding (verify functioning of a high level probe)

OEM Directed (recommendations in equipment manual)

‘Hand me down’ (Experience / “we have always done it that way”)

Regulatory (EPA, OSHA, Etc)

Risk (expensive equipment, lets do this task more often)

Preventive Maintenance programs are designed to do the following:

Reduce equipment failures

Reduce the magnitude of equipment failure or repair costs

Reduce the product loss or production downtime due to equipment failure or repair

Reduce the deterioration in the productive capacity of equipment

Preventive maintenance plans should include detailed information about the maintenance of all computers and network equipment, with emphasis on equipment that could impact the organization the most. Preventive maintenance includes the following important tasks:

Updates to the operating system and applications

Updates to anti-virus and other protective software

Hard drive error checking

Hard drive backup

Hard drive defragmentation

A preventive maintenance program that is designed to fix things before they break, and to solve small problems before they affect productivity, can provide the following benefits to users and organizations:

Decreased downtime

Improved performance

Improved reliability

Decreased repair costs

here are several different operating systems available, and you must consider the customer's needs and environment when choosing an operating system.
The main steps in setting up a customer's computer include preparing the hard drive, installing an operating system, creating user accounts, and configuring installation options.A GUI shows icons of all files, folders, and applications on the computer. A pointing device, such as a mouse, is used to navigate in a GUI desktop.
You should establish a backup strategy that allows for the recovery of data. Normal, copy, differential, incremental, and daily backups are all optional backup tools available in Windows operating systems.
Preventive maintenance techniques help to ensure optimal operation of the operating system.

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SECURITY MAINTENANCE

INTRODUCTION
Security and Maintenance (formerly Action Center and Windows Security Center) is a monitoring component of the Windows NT family of operating system. It monitors the security and maintenance status of the computer. Its monitoring criteria includes optimal operation of personal firewalls, anti-virus software and anti-spyware software, as well as the working status of Network Access Protection, Windows Update, User Account Control, Windows Error Reporting and Backup and Restore. It notifies the user of any problem with the monitored criteria, e.g. when an antivirus program is not up-to-date or is offline.

The absolute basics that should be in place for the security of any network include:
A) ANTI-VIRUS
This is a crucial category and because anti-virus protection comes in so many different varieties, you should consult with someone you trust to select a solution that suits your needs.  PCMi can help you implement an anti-virus strategy so that computer viruses never give you a headache.
B) FIREWALL
To protect yourself from data loss or exposure and to ensure reliable continuous network availability, you should have a firewall. A firewall is hardware or software designed to prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network that is connected to the Internet. There are a wide variety of firewall options and many include additional features such as intrusion detection and alerting. With its years of experience working with the Internet, PCMi is intimately familiar with the security pitfalls of network connections and can help you select the best firewall solution for your needs.
C) CONTENT FILTERING
| With the advent of high-speed Internet access, the wealth of information, products and services available is virtually unlimited. Sometimes this unlimited access may be too much. A business needs to efficiently and effectively manage this access to ensure that it is achieving the intended benefits of having high-speed Internet access. For many, this means content filtering. Content filtering solutions abound. Let PCMi help you select the one that is right for you.
D)  Backup
Backing up your data is crucial and to entirely too easy to neglect.  It becomes especially complex when you have staff with laptops on the road.  Viable backup options include:  tape backup, disk-to-disk backup, online backup and more.  When selecting a backup system, you need to consider what you are backing up.
E) SECURITY POLICY TRAINING
Since network security breaches can sometimes be a result of carelessness on the part of a user, education can go a long way toward reducing a threat. For those who will still "sneak" around a network, educational efforts that include policy enforcement may help keep them in check. When crafting a security policy, don't use standard boilerplate policies, it's far better to identify specifics of what is allowed and what will not be tolerated.