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In the 19th century, the Russian empire was being controlled by the Romanov Dynasty. The empire was very isolated and most harvested their crops and agriculture. Serfdom was abolished in 1861

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Nicholas II became Czar once his father died. Russia's industrial capability was very low compared to the rest of Western Europe; but once Nicholas II became the new ruler, industrial production was increasing. When industrial production increased, more and more people began to be classified within the poor class.

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When the people asked the Czar for help, he wasn't home which meant his guards were free to open fire on anyone and everyone there. One complaint the people had was their work loads, because of how long they push themselves for.
A second complaint was the wages, they wish for them to be increased to be able to afford necessities.

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The Duma were supporters of a different monarchy which would give Russia the power. Nicholas opposed the Duma because he wanted all the power for himself. The Czar was able to declare ware against other countries.
The Czar could also determine and coin money.

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Before WWI Russia allied with the French and the British but also was in alliance with a Slavic Nation. A Serbian Nationalist murdered the archduke of the Austrian throne which made the Austrians mad at the Serbians. The Serbs state that they had been given too short of a limit and are unable to defend themselves which is why they need Russia's help.

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Czar Nicholas takes command of the army, 1915

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Czar Nicholas takes command of the army, 1915

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In WWI the Russian troops were not strong enough to beat the Western European industrial nations of Germany and Austria so they had to send forward 15 million men to fight. The enemy penetrated into the Russian Empire which cause Sir Nicholas to realize it was serious enough to take command of the troops. In WWI, 1,700,000 Russians died and many others were injured.

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When Nicholas went to war, he left the country to his wife, the Czarina Alexandra. Rasputin had a large influence on the Czarina because she believed he was the only one who could save her son from a genetic disease. The Czarina did not listen to a word from her advisors about Rasputin, instead she made them her enemies. Rasputin was given three poisoned cakes and wines, to ensure that his death would commence, he quickly fled the scene as his mouth began to froth and someone shot twice at him. they then heard his body hit the floor.

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In 1917, workers would go on strike to show their unhappiness. Troops were also unhappy and they would leave their posts to join the rioters. To abdicate the throne meant to give up ones power. Nicholas left his throne and power to the Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich.

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Provisional Government takes over, Spring 1917

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Provisional Government takes over, Spring 1917

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When Nicholas' brother refused to take the leadership, a provisional government was hoped to be set up where the government would be based on principles of the Western World. The provisional government was not successful because they had many struggles with their control. The provisional leaders didn't give power to the bourgeoisie because they had decided that handing over all power would have greatly weakened and threatened the revolution.

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The Bolsheviks were the Russian supporters of Karl Marx. The communist party was appealing to the poor working class because they needed change and had nothing left to lose. Lenin, the leader of the party, promised Peace, Land, and Bread. On October 24, 1917, Lenin tells the people to overthrow the government.

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The Bolsheviks take power, Revolution of October 1917

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The Bolsheviks take power, Revolution of October 1917

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Lenin and his followers decided to take over St. Petersburg in October of 1917. The Red Army supported the Bolsheviks. The White Army did not support the Bolsheviks, in fact they were Anti Bolshevik. To keep their power, the Bolsheviks decided to break up every act of sabotage in Russia.

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In their treaty, Russia lost a lot of land, including Poland, Finland, and Ukraine. The Russians surrendered to the Germans in March of 1918, then they Germans surrendered to the Allies in November of 1918 which means there was an 8 month period in between. The purpose of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was to basically declare peace amongst different nations and countries.

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 Death of Nicholas II and his family, July 1918

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 Death of Nicholas II and his family, July 1918

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The royal family was moved to Ekaterinburg because they were scared that the White Army was going to come for Nicholas. One night Nicholas' family was moved to the basement of their house where they then were shot, burned with acid, and later thrown down a well. According to Document N, the last to die of the family was the heir, Alexi.

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Under Lenin, the new name of Russia was the United Soviet Socialist Republic also known as the USSR or the Soviet Union. This empire included more territories, such as Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.

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The Russian Civil War lasted 6 years, and was eventually won by the Bolsheviks and the Red Army. During these years, over 15 million Russians died and the whole country of Russia was heading to their downfall.

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Because of an assassination attempt a bullet was left in Lenin's body which later caused him to get sicker and sicker to the point where he was having seizures and need to be bedridden for the rest of his ruling. In 1924, Lenin died, and the power was given to Joseph Stalin where he ruled the country for the next 30 years.