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The Frequency, Intensity, and Duration of DID

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The Frequency, Intensity, and Duration of DID

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It is not clear as to the frequency of Reiner's episodes. However, anytime there is a stressful event happening he switches between the two personalities. At the age of 12 Reiner had witnessed his friend die and as a result the duration of his symptoms has lasted all the way to the age of 21. The intensity is quite overwhelming for Reiner as he can't seem to control when he will switch personalities (Barlow and Durand, 2012, pp. 200-207).

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The distress caused when his friends tell him he has deviated from the mission and isn't acting like his "Warrior" self makes Reiner become very agitated.

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Thankfully, DID is not that common of a disorder. In North America, the prevalence rates in severely disturbed inpatients were around 3% and 6%. However, this study was published in 1997 and could be higher or lower now. A tragic fact about DID is the discrepancy between women and men. The ratio of females to males is as high as 9:1. This may be because on average females are more likely be a victim of sexual assault, especially at a young age (Barlow and Durand, 2012, p. 203).

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It isn't culturally normal for one to have two personalities in one body and mind. Reiner's episodes are a deviance from the norm.

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Reiner Braun is a character from the anime series, Attack on Titan. At the young age of ten years old, Reiner had been drafted into the military to fight the Eldians and to become a titan. The trauma of war and the loss of childhood at such a young age deeply impacted Reiner's psyche. Reiner is half Marleyan and half Eldian which is taboo in their society to mix the two races. In this society the Marleyans are the superior race and considers the Eldians as "devils" and scum and are treated as such. In a way the Marleyan society somewhat resembles Nazi Germany. Once Reiner's training was finished, they had sent him and three others to go exterminate the Eldians living on another continent at the age of twelve years old.

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Reiner Braun, from the anime Attack on Titan, could be diagnosed with three possible mental disorders. It may be possible that Reiner has Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Dissociative Identity Disorder, Depression, or all three. Various times throughout the show, Reiner would start to act like his deceased friend whom he had taken his personality. It had gotten so bad that Reiner had actually began to believe he was someone entirely different. Reiner has also attempted suicide because he blames himself for his people's misfortune and his friend's death. This may indicate depression.
Finally, Reiner has multiple episodes where something or someone might trigger a traumatic memory which causes him to panic or lash out. This symptom may lead to PTSD.

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Reiner's ability to commit and execute his mission is extremely hindered by his reoccurring episodes of DID. Almost halting some of the missions all together.

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According to the DSM-5, to be diagnosed DID one must have a disruption of identity marked by two or more personality states. Recurrent gaps in memory about day, events, or personal information are also common symptoms of DID. These symptoms must cause distress or impairment in daily life functioning. These symptoms also can't be effects from drugs or medical conditions (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).

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There has been moments of danger to himself and others throughout the show. He has attempted suicide because of the trauma and depression Reiner has experienced. He is also a danger to his friends because he has attacked them because his "Soldier" personality wants to protect his Eldian comrades.

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In DID, the fragmentation of identity usually leads to amnesia. This is where actions committed by one identity will be completely unknown to the other.
There are two forms of DID, Nonpossession form and Possession form. Nonpossession is more common, where the person may feel a sudden alteration in their sense of self or identity.
Common behaviors include: depression, anxiety, substance abuse, self-injury, self-mutilation, nonepileptic seizures, and suicidal behavior (Spiegel, 2019)

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Putnam and his colleagues had examined 100 cases of DID in 1986 and had found that 97% of the patients had experienced severe trauma, mostly sexual or physical. However, Putnam also found that not all trauma is caused by abuse but can be traumatized just by witnessing a traumatizing event. DID seems to be based in a natural tendency to escape from the affects associated with severe abuse (Barlow and Durand, 2012, p. 203)

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Many people don't realize that folk with DID can sometimes be really subtle. The stigma surrounding DID consists of DID victims being violent, highly disturbed, schizophrenic, or that the alter personalities are obvious or extreme. Folk with DID may avoid treatment because the judgment from others may outweigh the benefits. Many movies in the U.S.A. use these stigmas to create scary antagonists to drive the movie's narrative. The movies are a representation of the culture in the U.S.A. that creates the stigma (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).

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American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). http://gmc.mrooms3.net/pluginfile.php/5376996/mod_resource/content/1/DSM-5.pdf

"Attack on Titan Wiki". (2013, April 28). Reiner Braun. Attack on Titan Wiki. https://attackontitan.fandom.com/wiki/Reiner_Braun.

Barlow, D. H., & Durand, V. M. (2012). Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach (7th ed.). Cengage Learning.

Spiegel, D. (2019, March). Dissociative Identity Disorder - Psychiatric Disorders. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/dissociative-disorders/dissociative-identity-disorder?query=Dissociative+identity+disorder.

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Attack on Titan: Marco's Death and Reiner's split personality

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There are around six different types of treatments.
1.) Try to reintegrate identities
2.) Use strategies based on clinical wisdom
3.) Use procedures used with PTSD
4.) Instill a sense of control within the person
5.) Hypnosis which is used to access memories
6.) Medication combined with therapy (Often doesn't help much)
All six of these are typically used in combination with another (Barlow and Durand, 2012, pp. 206-207).

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I think a combination of hypnosis to help instill a sense of control would benefit Reiner. Reiner was never given a chance to mourn or accept the reality of the situation . So, by making him relive and visualize aspects of his trauma it could eventually turn it into a painful memory instead.