# data[].attributes.body
Thank you for today's class, Dr. Below is my summary on Group VIIIA, aka Noble Gas;
- Going down the group; size increases, m.p. & b.p. increase, ionization energy decreases.
- Are monoatomic gases.
- Due to high IE and negative EA, it is very unreactive.
- He recover from low temperature distillation and Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe from liquid air by low temperature distillation.

1. Uses
- Helium: Inert gas for growing crystals, cryogenic refrigerant, coolant for superconducting magnet, air for balloons & air crafts, light source in lasers & electric discharge lamp, carrier gas in gas cromatography.
- Neon: Neon sign advertising, high-voltage indicator, diving equipment, lasers, cryogenic refrigerant.
- Argon: Provide inert atmosphere for production of air sensitive compounds, inert gas blanket in welding, cryogenic refrigerant, light source, laser.
- Krypton: Ion laser.
- Xenon: Flash lamp, has anesthetic propert (but expensive), isotope Xe used in medical imaging.
- Radon: Radiotherapy, arthritis treatment, bathing.

2. Compounds of Group VIIIA
- Oxidation number of Xe are +2, +4, +6
- Xe-F, Xe-O, Xe-N, Xe-H, Xe-C, Xe-metal bonds are known.
- Xe can act as ligand.
- XeF: Preparation by direct reaction at high temperature, XeF2 is Linear, XeF4 is square planar, XeF6 is distorted octahedral
- Xenon react directly with Fluorine: Fluorine is a very powerful oxidizing agent, Xenon has larger size, Fluorine is very small and highly electronegative, F steals an electron from Xe.
- XeO: Unstable and highly explosive, preparation by hydrolysis of xenon fluorides, XeO3 is trigonal pyramidal, XeO4 is tetrahedral, endoergic compound, very strong oxidizing agents in acidic sol, produce xenic acid in water.
- XeOF: XeOF2 is T-shaped, XeO3F2 is trigonal bipyramid, XeOF4 is square pyramid, XeOF5- is pentagonal pyramid.
- The first coordination compound: [AuXe4]2+[SbF11]2-
- Organoxenon: Thermally decomposed above -40 degrees Celcius, most in +2 state, [C6F5Xe]+ & Xe(C6F5)2 organoxenon(II) compound.

# data[].attributes.body
Thank you aDr for the explaination about group VIIIA.
Here is my summary about this group.
-covalent radius, melting point and boiling point increase at it goes down the group
-electron affinity and first ionization energy decrease as it goes down the group
-known as noble gases and inert gas but not anymore since Ar more abundance than CO2 and Xe can form compounds
-high first ionization energy due to the high nuclear charge and very negative electron affinity because it fully fill so do not want any extra electron
-He, Ne and Ar can be used as cryogenic refrigerator but the three of it has more other uses
-Kr can be used as krypton ion laser
-Xe can be used as xenon flash lamp and the  isotope of Xe used in medical imaging
-Ra can be used in radiotheraphy, arthritis treatment and bathing
XENON(oxidation number: -2,+4,+6)
-XeF can be prepare by direct reaction between Xe and F but depends on the temperature and atmosphere preassure to form XeF2(linear structure), XeF4(square planar) and XeF6(distorted octahedral)
-XeF can be prepare by direct reaction between Xe and F because F very strong oxidizing agents and has high electronegativity meanwhile Xe gas large radii that make the attraction between valence electron and nucleus weaker
-properties of XeF :
•strong oxidizing power/agent
•methasis XeF6 with oxide
•form complexes with ion F, F-
-Xe-O compounds are unstable and highly explosive which can be prepare by hydrolysis of xenon fluoride
-properties of Xe-O :
•strong oxidizing agent in acidic solution
•dissolve in water form xenic acid
-Xenon Oxyflouride structure are T-shape, trigonal bipyramidal, square planar and pentagonal pyramidal
Xenon has coordination compounds  and organoxenon compounds

# data[].attributes.body
Thankyou dr for today's class. summary of group VIIIA:

PROPERTIES
-Known as Noble gases
-very unreactive due to very high IE and negative EA.
USES
-He: inert gas for growing crystal, coolant for superconducting magnet, air ballons, carrier gas in chromatography.
-Ne: neon sign for advertising.
-Ar: inert gas blanket, cryogenic refrigenrant, light source and laser(Ar-ion)
-Kr: krypton ion laser
-Xe: Xenon flash lamp
-Rn: radiotherapy, arthritis treatment and bathing.
Xenon Fluoride
XeF2
- linear shape due to arrangement of flourine atom and the lone pairs in symmetric arrangement
XeF4
- square planar shape. all 4 are in the same plane and 2 non-bonded pairs of e- are set at the perpendicular axis.
XeF6
- distorted octahedral. 6 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair
PROPERTIES
-strong oxidizing agents
-metathesis XeF6 with oxides
-form complexes with F-
-starting material for the formation of Xe with other elements

Xenon-Oxygen COMPOUNDS
- unstable and highly explosive
- XeO3 and XeO4 exist
-preparation by hydrolysis of xenon fluorides.
PROPERTIES
-endoergic compound, so is highly explosives.
-very strong oxidizing agents in acidic solution
-dissolves in water to produce xenic acid
-perxenate of alkali metal ions are strong oxi agent in acidic solution.

Xenon Oxyfluoride Structure:
XeF2(T-shape)
XeO3F2(Trigonal bipyramidal)
XeOF4(Square pyramid)
XeOF5-(pentagonal pyramid)

# data[].attributes.body
Thank you dr for today's explanation.  Summary for this lecture :
Noble Gases
- known as rare gases before the discovery  than Argon is more abundant than carbon dioxide
- Group VIIIA in the periodic table
-Unreactive due to high ionization energy & negative electron affinity
- Only Xenon can form compounds such as oxide
-Neon is mainly used in neon street lights while Helium is used as a carrier gas in gas chromatography
Xenon
- Isotope of Xe is used in medical imaging
- Main oxidation numbers : +2,+4 & +6
- Xenon Fluoride can be prepared directly by reacting Xenon with fluorine gas at high temperature & pressure
- Xenon fluoride & Xenon oxide are strong oxidizing agents
- Xenon oxide can be prepared by hydrolysis of xenon fluorides
-Xenon oxides is very unstable

# data[].attributes.body
Thank you dr, for the explanation today.Here my summary

PROPERTIES
-Other name:noble gases
-very unreactive due to increase in IE and negative EA
USES
-He:,air ballons
-Neon:neon sign for advertising
-Argon:provide inert for production of air sensitive compound.
-Krypton:krypton ion laser
-Xenon:isotope Xe used in medical imaging
-Radon:radiotheraphy
oxidation no. for Xe(+2,+4,+6)
Xe Flouride
-preparation by direct reaction at high temperature
XeF2(linear)
-due to arrangement of F atom and lone pair of electron in symmetric arrangement.
XeF4(square planar)
XeF6(distorted octahedral)
PROPERTIES
-Strong oxidizing agent
-metathesis XeF6 with oxide(cation and anion change partner)
-form complex with F-

Xe-oxygen compound
-unstable and highly explosive
-XeO3(sp3) and XeO4(sp3) exist
-endoergic compound, so highly explosive.

Xe oxyflouride
-XeOF2(T-shape)
-XeO3F2(trigonal bipyramidal)
-XeOF4(square pyramid)
-XeOF3-(pentagonal pyramid)

# data[].attributes.body
Thank you Dr for today's class. Here is my summary for Group VIIIA:

- Known as noble gases
- Very unreactive due to high ionization energy and negative electron affinity

Uses
1) Helium = air in balloons, carrier gas in gas chromatography
2) Neon = neon signs for advertising
3) Argon = cryogenic refrigerant
4) Krypton = krypton ion laser
5) Xenon = xenon flash lamp
6) Radon = in radiotherapy

Xenon Fluoride
- Prepared by direct reaction at high temperature and produce different products from different temperature and pressure
- has XeF2, XeF₄, XeF₆ in solid state
- Xe react with F because F is a very powerful oxidizing agent. Xe has larger radius, electron attraction to nucleus is weaker compared to smaller noble gases. F can steal electron from Xe
- Properties: strong oxidizing agent and conduct metathesis with oxides

Xenon Oxide
- Unstable and highly explosive
- Prepared by hydrolysis of xenon fluoride
- Endoergic compound and a very strong oxidizing agent in acidic solution
- Dissolves in water to form xenic acid

# data[].attributes.body
Thank you Dr for today class. Here my summary for  noble gases

Noble gases

Monoatomic gases

Very unreactive due to very high ionization and negative electron affinity

USES

Helium (Air in balloons , carrier in gas chromatography)

Neon ( Neon light for advertising)

Argon ( provide inert atmosphere for production of air sensitive compounds)

Krypton (ion laser)

Xenon ( xenon flash lamp)

Radon (radiotherapy)

Xenon

Oxidation number +2,+4,+6

As ligand

Xenon Fluoride

XeF2 (linear) XeF4(square planar) XeF6 (distorted octahedral)

Xenon react directly with fluorine because fluorine powerful oxidizing agent. Xenon has larger radii thus the electron attraction to the nucleus is weaker compare to other noble gases. Fluorine is very small and high electronegative so it would steal electron from xenon from compound

Oxides

Xenon- oxygen is unstable and highly explosive

Endoergic compound

Strong oxidizing agent in acidic solution

Dissolves in water to produce xenic acid

Xenon oxyfluoride

XeOF2 (T-shape)

XeO3F2 (trigonal bipyramidal)

XeOF4 (square pyramidal)

XeOF5- (pentagonal pyramid)

# data[].attributes.body
Thankyou Dr for today's lesson.
This is summary for noble gas group.

🧀⬇the group, radius ⬆ IE⬇
🧀monoatomic gas
🧀very unreactive gas due to ⬆ IE & negative electron affinity
🧀He -recovery by low temp distillation
🧀Others except Rn -recovery by extracted from liquid air by low temp distillation

USES
🥯Helium-use as inert gas for growing crystal
🥯Neon-for advertising
🥯Argon-cryogenic refrigerant
🥯Krypton-ion laser
🥯Xenon-xenon flash lamp
🥯Radon-in radiotheraphy,bathing

Xenon
🍙oxidation number -+2,+4 & +6
🍙can behave as ligand

XENON FLUORIDE
🍇prep: by direct reaction at high temp
🍇XeF2- linear
🍇XeF4- square planar
🍇XeF6- distorted octahedral

Properties
🍬strong oxidizing agent
🍬form complexes with F-

OXIDE
🌶unstable and highly explosive
🌶XeO3 & XeO4 exist
🌶Prep: hydrolysis of xenon fluorides

properties
🧄endoergic compound
🧄very strong oxidizing agent in acidic sol

Xenon Oxyfluoride structure:
🥦XeOF3- T-shape
🥦XeO3F2- trigonal bipyramidal
🥦XeOF4- square pyramid
🥦XeOF5- pentagonal pyramid

Other compound
🥥coordination compounds
🥥organoxenon compound

# data[].attributes.body
Thank you dr for today's class. here are my summary for group VIIIA

- this group also called as noble gasses or inert gases (except for Xe because it can form compunds)
- this group is very unreactive because it have very high ionization energy due to have high effective nuclear charge also have negative electron affinity * the incoming electron need to occupy orbital beloging to a new higher shell

The Uses of The Gases
- Helium
*coolant for superconducting magnet for NMR and MRI
*air in ballons
* light sources in lasers and electric discharge lamp
* carrier in Gas Chromatography
- Neon
* neons sign for advertising at restaurant etc
*high-voltage indicators and switching gear, lightning arresters, diving equipment and lasers
* cryogenic refrigerant
- Argon
*provide inert atmosphere for production of air sensitive compounds
*inert gas blanket to suppress the oxidation of metal during welding
- Krypton
* as krypton ion laser
- Xenon
* Xenon flash lamp
* used in medical imaging
- Radon
* in radiotheraphy, arthritis treatment and bathing

- fluoride
* XeF2, XeF4, and XeF6 can be prepared by direct heating of high temperature (at different temperature and different pressure)
* the properties of the fluoride are a strong oxidizing agents, can form complexes with F- and a starting material for the formation of Xe with other elements

- Oxides
* unstable and highly explosive but exist (XeO3 and XeO4)
* can be prepared by hydrolysis of xenon fluorides
* xenon-oxygen is endoergic compunds (highly expensive)
* very strong oxidizing agents
* dissolve in water to produce xenic acid
* perxenate of alkali metal ions are strong oxiding agent in acidic solution

-organoxenon compounds
* thermally decomposed above -40 degree celcius

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Summary group VIIIA

General properties:
-other name is noble gases
-monoatomic gases
-very unreactive bcs high ionization energy and negative electron affinity

Uses:
•He; inert gas for growing crystal,low temperature cryogenic refrigerant,coolant for superconducting magnet for NMR & MRI,air in balloons and air craft and carrier gas in gas chromatography
•Neon; neons sign for advertising,high voltage indicators and cryogenic refrigerant
•Argon;provide inert atmosphere for produxtion of air sensitive compounds and cryogenic refrigerant
•krypton; krypton ion laser
•xenon; flash lamp,has anesthetic property but expensive and isotope Xe used in medical imaging
•rason; in radiotheraphy,arthritis treatment and bathing

Compounds of element:
-o.n.Xe is +2,+4 & +6
*compound with F,O,N,H,C & metal bonds
*ligand
•xenon fluoride:
▪︎preparation by direct reaction at high
▪︎XeF2:shape linear
▪︎XeF4:square planar
▪︎XeF6:distorted octahedral
▪︎properties:strong oxidizing agent,metathesis XeF6 with oxides,form complexes with F- & starting material
•Xenon oxygen
▪︎unstable and highly
▪︎XeO3 & XeO4 exist(less stable)
▪︎preparation by hydrolysis of xenon fluoridea
▪︎properties:endoergic compound so highly explosive,very strong oxidizing agent in acidic solution,dissolve in water and perxenate of alkali metal ions are strong in oxidizing agent in acidic solution

Coordination compound:
-[AuXe4]2+[SbF11]2- is the first coordination compound
-M(CO)5E , E=Ar,Kr,Xe M=Cr,Mo,W

Organoxenon Compound
-[C6F5Xe]+F - organoxenon (II) compound
-Xe(C6F5)2 - organoxenon (II) compound
-thermally decomposed above -40°C
-[C6F5XeF2]+ [BF4]-

Thank you dr! :)

# data[].attributes.body
Thank you Dr. for your well explaination. Here are my summary for Group VIIIA:
- known as noble gases,rare gases, inert gases and monoatomic gases
-very unreactive due to very high IE & negative e affinity
-HELIUM:
#low temp cryogenic refrigerant
#coolant for superconducting magnet for NMR & MRI
#air in balloons
#light sources
-NEON:
# signs for advertising
# high voltage indicators
# cryogenic refrigerant
-ARGON:
# provide inert atmosphere
# cryogenic refrigerant
# light source and laser
-KRYPTON:
#ion laser
-RADON:
# in radiotherapy, arthritis treatment and bathing
-XENON:
# flash lamp
# anesthetic property
# medical imaging
# oxi. no : +2,+4,+6
#behave as a ligand
# Xe-F :XeF2, XeF4, XeF6
prepared by direct reaction at high temp
# XeF2:
> shape linear
> strong oxidizing power/agents
# XeF4:
>square planar
> strong oxidizing power/agents
> form complexes with F-
# XeF6:
> distorted octahedral
> metathesis XeF6 with oxides
> form complexes with F-
-Xe-O
# unstable & highly explosive
#XeO3 and XeO4(< stable)
#prepared by hydrolysis of Xe-F
# endoergic compound
# very strong oxi. agent
# dissolves in water to produce xenic acid

# data[].attributes.body
Thank you Dr. for today's lesson. Here is my summary for group VIIIA :-

Properties :-
- Known as noble gases
-Monoatomic gases
-Very unreactive due to high ionization energy and negative electron affinity.
- Mostly found in atmosphere.
Uses :-
Helium :
- Inert gas for growing crystals like Si for semiconductor, low temperature cryogenic refrigerant and as a coolant.
Neon :
-As neon signs for advertising. high-voltage indicators and switching gear , lightning arresters, diving equipment and lasers and as cryogenic refrigerant.
Argon :
- Provide inert atmosphere for production of air sensitive compounds, inert gas blanket to suppress the oxidation of metal during welding , as cryogenic refrigerant and as light source and laser.
Krypton :
- As krypton ion laser.
Xenon :
- As xenon flash lamp and isotope Xe used in medical imaging.
Radon:
-Used in radiotherapy, arthritis treatment and bathing.

Compounds of Elements
1) Xenon Fluoride
- Prepared by direct reaction at high temperature and certain pressure with diferrent ratios of F2 and Xenon.

XeF2 - linear

XeF4 - square planar

XeF6 - distorted octahedral

Properties :
-Strong oxidizing power / agents
-Metathesis XeF6 with oxides
-Form complexes with F-
-Starting material for the formation of Xe with other elements such as FXeN(SO2F)2,[CH3CNXeF].

2) Oxides
- Unstable and highly explosive
-Only exist in Xe03 and XeO4
-Prepared by hydrolysis of Xenon fluorides.
Properties :
- Endoergic compound
-Very strong oxidizing agents in acidic solution
-Dissolves in water to produce xenic acid

3) Xenon Oxyflouride Structure :
- XeOF2 - T-shape
-XeO3F2 - Trigonal bipyramidal
-XeOF4- Square pyramid
-XeOF5- - Pentagonal pyramid

5) Other Compound :
-Coordination Compounds
-Organoxenon Compound

# data[].attributes.body
Summary for Group VIIIA (Noble Gases)

1. General Properties
- noble gases/ rare gases/ inert gases/ monoatomic gases
- very unreactive due to very high IE and negative electron affinity

2. Uses
i) Helium
- inert gas for growing crystals like Si for semiconductor
- low temperature cryogenic refrigerant
- coolant for superconducting magnet for NMR & MRI
- air in ballons and lighter than air craft
- light source in lasers and electric discharge lamp
- mix with O2 to provide an artificial atmosphere for divers
- carrier gas in gas chromatography

ii) Neon
- neon sign for advertising
- high-voltage indicator and switching gear, lightning arresters, diving equipment and lasers
- cryogenic refrigerant

iii) Argon
- provide inert atmosphere for production of air sensitive compound
- inert gas blanket to suppress the oxidation of metal during welding
- cryogenic refrigerant
- light source and laser

iv) Krypton
- krypton ion laser

v) Xenon
- xenon flash lamp
- anesthetic property
- medical imaging

vi) Radon
- in radiotheraphy, arthritis treatment and bathing

3.) Xenon Fluoride
- preparation by direct reaction at high temperature
- xenon react directly with fluorine because fluorine is a very powerful oxidizing agent.
- strong oxidizing agent
-metathesis XeF6 with oxide
- form complexes with F-
- starting material for the formation of Xe

4.) Xenon-Oxygen Compound
- unstable and highly explosive
- XeO3 and XeO4 exist
- very strong oxidizing agent in acidic solution
- dissolve in water to produce xenic acid

5.) Coordination Compound
- [AuXe4]2+[SbF11]2- is the first coordination compound

# data[].attributes.body
Thank you Dr. for your class today. This is my summary for Group VIIIA:
- the elements in this group are known as noble gas. But in the past, they were called as inert gas and rare gas.

- know the use of all element in noble gas group.

- they are not reactive because they have high first ionization energy and also the negative electron affinity.

- knowing the flouride of Xenon which is XeF2, XeF4 and XeF6 and also their process.

- The reason of flourine gas that can react with the Xenon which is from noble gas is florine has high electronegativity and also due to the weak attraction force between valance electron and the nucleus in Xenon atom.

-knowing how to produce oxides of Xenon such as XeO3 and also XeO4 (which is less stable)

-knowing that the xenic acid can be form when the xenon trioxide is reacting with water.

- knowing the geometry structure of all compound of Xenon and also their hybridization

# data[].attributes.body
Group VIIIA
- aka. Noble gases
- very unreactive (very high IE & -tive EA)

Uses

- He: balloons & aircrafts, light source in lasers, artificial atmosphere, Gas Chromatography
- Ne: neon signs, high-volt indicators & switching gear, lightning arresters, diving equip.,  lasers, cryogenic refrigerant
- Ar: inert atmosphere, inert gas blanket, cryogenic refrigerant, light source & laser
- Kr: ion laser
- Xe: flash lamp, anesthetic (expensive), medical imaging
- Rn: radiotherapy

Xenon

-  ON: +2, +4, +6
- can behave as a ligand

Fluoride

- Prep.: direct reaction at high temp. with different ratios of Xe & F
- XeF₂: linear
- XeF₄: square planar
- XeF₆: distorted octahedral
- Properties

strong oxidizing powers

metathesis XeF₆ with oxides

form complexes with F⁻

starting material for Xe with other elements such as FXeN(SO₂F₂)

Oxides

- unstable & highly explosive
- XeO₃ & XeO₄ exist
- Prep.: hydrolysis of xenon fluorides
- Properties

endoergic compound

very strong oxidizing agents in acidic sol.

dissolves in water to produce xenic acid

perxenate of alkali metal ions are strong oxidizing agent in acidic sol.

- Coordination compounds
[AuXe₄]²⁺[SbF₁₁]²⁻ (first coordination comp.
- Organoxenon compound
[C₆F₅Xe]⁺F
Xe(C₆F₅)2
Thermally decomposed above -40°C
- [C₆F₅XeF₂]⁺[BF4]⁻

# data[].attributes.body
Summary group VIIIA

-Known as noble gases

1.  General properties

-          used to be known as rare gases but not used anymore since Ar is more abundance than CO2

-          used to be known as inert gases but not anymore since Xe can form compounds

-          it is monoatomic gases

-          very unreactive element due to high IE and high EA

2.       Uses of helium

-          Inert gas

-          low temperature cryogenic refrigerant

-          coolant for superconducting magnet

3.        uses of neon

-          neon signs for advertising

-          high-voltage indicators

-          cryogenic refrigerant

4.         uses of Argon

-          provide inert atmosphere for production of air sensitive compounds

-          inert gas blanket to suppress the oxidation of metal during welding

-          cryogenic refrigerant

5.         uses of krypton

-          krypton ion lazer

·         uses of xenon

-          xenon flash lamp

-          has an anesthetic property

-          isotope Xe used in medical imaging

6.         uses of Radon

-          In radiotherapy arthritis treatment and bathing

7.  Compound of Xenon

-          Fluoride

-          Oxide

-          A few others

8.  Properties of xenon fluoride

-          strong oxidizing power

-          metathesis XeF6nwith oxides

-          form complexes with F-

-          starting material for the formation of Xe with other metal

# data[].attributes.body
Thank you dr for today's lesson :))

Noble Gases

- also know asn "rare gases" (Ar more abundance than CO2) and "inert gases" (Xe form compound)
- monoatomic gases
- very unreactive

(high IE; high Zeff)

negative EA

Uses

Helium

- inert gas for groowing crystal
- low temperature cryogenic refrigerant
- air in ballons
- light sources (laser)

Neon

- neon sign (advertising)
- high-voltage indicators & switching gear
- cryogenic refrigerant

Argon

- provide inert atmosphere (production air sensitive)
- inert gas blanket (suppress oxidation of metal in welding)
- cryogenic refrigerant

Krypton

- laser

Xenon

- flash lamp
- anesthetic property (more expensive than N₂O)
- isotope: medical imaging

Radon

- radiotherapy, arthritis treatment, bathing

Compounds
- oxi. no. Xe = +2, +4, +6
- bond with F, O, N, H, C and metal bonds
- act as ligand

Fluorides
Preparation:
- direct reaction at high temperature
Structure:
XeF2 - Linear
XeF4 - Square planar (two lone pairs at prependicular axis)
XeF₆ - distorted octahedral
Why Xenon react directly with fluorine?
- F very strrong oxidizing agent (reduced and gain e from Xe)
- Xe larger radii, e- attraction to nucleus is weaker
- F very tiny and high electronegativity, can steal an e- from Xe and forming compund
Properties:
- strong oxidizing agent
- metathesis XeF6 with oxides
- from complex with F-
- starting material for formation of Xe with others

Oxides
- unstable and highly explosive
XeO3 & XeO4 (less stable) exist
Preparation:
- hydrolysis of xenon fluorides
Properties:
- endoergic compound (highly explosives)
- very strong oxidizing agent in acidic solution
- dissolves in water --> xenic acid
- XeO₆ ⁴⁻ strong oxidizing agent in acidic solution
Xenon Oxyfluorides structure:
XeOF₂ - T-shape
XeO₃F₂ - Trigonal bipyramidal
XeOF₄ - Square pyramidal
XeOF₅ - Pentagonal pyramidal

Others compounds:
- coordination compounds
- organoxenon compounds

# data[].attributes.body
Thank you dr for today's lesson. Here is my summary for this topic :
NOBLE GASES
-monoatomic gases
-very unreactive due to very high ionization energy and negative electron affinity
-Radon is very radioactive
-Xenon can form compounds
Uses
He- air in balloons, carrier gas in Gas Chromatography
Ne- signs for advertising, high-voltage indicators, lasers,
Ag- inert atmosphere, inert gas blanket, light source and laser
Kr- ion laser
Xe- flash lamp, anesthethic property, isotppe Xe used in medical imaging
Rn- radiotheraphy, arthritis treatment
Xenon Fluoride
-Why Xe can react directly with F? It is because F is a very powerful oxidizing agent and highly electronegative, Xe has large radii, attraction force is weaker, F would steal an electron from Xe, forming a compound.

-All xenon fluoride can be prepared by direct reaction at high temperature
-Different ratio amount of Xe and F will form different type of compounds.
XeF₂- linear
XeF₄- square planar
XeF₆₋ distorted octahedral
-All xenon fluoride compounds are strong oxidizing agents, metathesis reaction occurs when XeF₆ react with oxides and forming complexes with F-
Xenon Oxide
-prepared by hydrolysis of xenon fluorides
** the amount of water plays a big role in order to form different type of compounds.
XeO₃ - trigonal pyramidal, sp3 hybridization
XeO₄ - tetrahedral, sp³ hybridization
-unstable and highly explosive, strong oxidizing agents in acidic solution.
-dissolves in water to produce xenic acid

# data[].attributes.body
Summary GVIIIA:

Monoatomic gas, is called Noble gases is used to know as “rare gas” before Ar is less abundance than CO2 or “inert gases” before the ability of Xe to form compounds was discovered.

General properties:

Very unreactive due to

High ionization energy (IE) <- high effective nuclear charge

-ve electron affinity (EA) <- an incoming e- need to occupy orbital belonging to a new higher shell

Xe

Most important oxidation#: +2, +4, +6

Can react with F, N, O, H, C, or form metal bonds

Behave as ligand

Preparation

Direct rxn at high temp,

Xe + F

In excess -> XeF2: Should be trigonal bipyramidal but more stable in linear due to arrangement of F atoms and lone pairs of electrons in symmetric arrangement.

Xe:F(1:5) -> XeF4: square planar, 4 Xe-F bond in same plane, 2 lone pairs set at perpendicular axis

Xe:F(1:20) -> XeF6: distorted octahedral, 6 bonding pairs + 1 lone pair

Xe reacts directly with F bc:

F is

Tiny,

Highly electronegative <- pull 1 e- from Xe

Very powerful oxidizing agent <- reduced and gain 1 e-

Xe has

Larger radii <- e- attraction to nucleus weaker

Xe-O

Unstable &  highly explosive

Preparation:

Hydrolysis of XeFn

XeF6 + 3(1)H2O -> XeO3(XeOF4) +6(2)HF

3XeF4 + 6H2O -> 2XeO3 + Xe + 12HF

XeO3

Endoergic compound – highly explosive

Strong oxidizing agents (acidic soln)

Dissolves in water -> xenic acid, H2XeO4 <-> H+ + HXeO4-

Perxenate of alkali metal ions, XeO64- - strong oxidizing agent (acidic soln)

Can form coordination compound:

1.      [AuXe4]2+[SbF11]2-

2.      M(CO)5E; M=Ar, Kr, Xe E=Cr, Mo, W

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Summary of Group VIIIA (Noble gas)

- very unreactive due to high ionization energy and negative electron affinity.

- He, Ne and Xe can used as cryogenic refrigerant.

xenon fluoride

- direct react at high temp and atm
- form difference type according to the ratio of Xe and F
- has XeF₂, XeF₄ and XeF₆ in solid states

How it form
- F is extremely small and has high electronegativity.
- it is also a very strong oxidizing agent
- Xe is very large thus the valence electrons attraction to the nucleus is very weak.
- therefore, F able to steal an electron from Xe and form a compound.

xenon oxygen

- has XeO₃ and XeO₄
- XeO3 prepared by hydrolysis of xenon fluorides
- XeO4 prepared by react Ba₂XeO₆ with H₂SO₄ followed by dehydration of the product, H₄XeO₆

Other compounds

- xenon oxyfluoride
- coordinate compounds
- organoxenon compound:

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Thank you Dr for today class. Here is my summary for group VIIIA:

Known as noble gases and very unreactive due to high ionisation energy and negative electron affinity

- Atomic radius, melting point, boiling point increase when down the group while first IE decrease when down the group

- Uses of noble gases

Xenon Fluoride
- prepare by direct reaction at high temperature. Different conditions get different products
- Xe react with F is because F is very powerful strong oxidising agent, and Xe has a larger atomic radius, so it is easy for F to steel the electron from Xe
- Xenon fluoride is strong  oxidising agent, undergo metathesis with oxide and form complexes with F-

Xenon Oxide:
- Unstable and highly explosive, endoergic compound and strong oxidising agent
- dissolve in water to form xenic acid

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Wow... the last group. Thank you very much for the lesson Dr. Sheela. Here is my summary:

Properties: very unreactive ( high IE, negative EA)
Recovery:
He -> low temperature distillation (occurrence: natural gas deposits in US, product of alpha-emission in natural radioactive decay)
Others -> from liquid air by low temperature distillation (atmosphere)

Uses:
He - growing crystal, cryogenic refrigerant, coolant for superconducter magnet, air in balloon & aircraft, laser & electric discharge lamp, artificial atmosphere for divers, gas chromatography
Ne - sign for advertising, high voltage indicator & switching gear, lightning arrester, diving equipment, laser, cryogenic refrigerant
Ar - production of air sensitive compound, suppress oxidation of metal, cryogenic refrigerant, light source & laser
Kr - laser
Xe - flash lamp, anesthetic, medical imaging
Rn - radiotherapy, arthritis treatment, bathing

Compounds:
*Fluoride
Preparation: direct react at high temp.
Type: XeF2(linear), XeF4(square planar), XeF6(distorted octahedral)

Why Xe react directly with F?
- F very powerful oxidizing agent, F get reduced, gain e from Xe
- Xe has larger radii, e attraction to nucleus weaker than smaller noble gases
- F very tiny, highly electronegative, steal e from Xe, forming compound

Properties - strong oxidizing agent, metathesis XeF6 with oxides, form complexes with F-, starting material for formation Xe with other element

*Oxide
- unstable, highly explosive
Type: XeO3(trigonal puramidal), XeO4(less stable)(tetrahedral)
Preparation: hydrolysis xenon fluoride
Properties - endoeegic compound, strong oxidizing agent in acidic solution, dissolve in H2O produce xenic acid

*other compound
- xenon oxofluoride: XeOF2, XeO3F2, XeOF4, XeOF5
- coordination compound: [AuXe4]2+[SbF11]2-, M(CO)5E
- organoxenon compound: [C6F5Xe]+F, Xe(C6F5)2

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Thank you Dr for today’s lesson. Summary for Group VIIIA:

- Known as noble gases also rare gases & inert gases (not anymore)

- Monoatomic gases

- Very unreactive due to very high ionization energy & negative electron affinity

Uses

- He - inert gas for growing crystals, coolant for NMR & MRI, air in balloons, light source in lasers & carrier gas in Gas Chromatography

- Neon - neon signs for advertising, high-voltage indicators & cryogenic refrigerant

- Argon - provide inert atmosphere, cryogenic refrigerant & light source and laser (Ar-ion)

- Krypton - ion laser

- Xenon - flash lamp, has an anesthetic property & isotop Xe used in medical imaging

- Radon - in radiotherapy, arthritis treatment & bathing

Compound of elements

- Most important oxidation num for Xe : +2, +4 & +6

- Xe fluoride can be prepared by direct reaction at high temp due to F-very powerful oxidizing agent, Xe has larger radii (attraction towards nucleus weaker) & F-very tiny and highly electronegative (steal electron from Xe) & strong oxidizing agent

- XeF2 (linear), (Xe in excess)

- XeF4 (square planar), (Xe:F2 = 1:5)

- XeF6 (distorted octahedral), (Xe:F2  = 1:20) (metathesis with oxides)

- XeF2 & XeF6 – form complexes with F-

- XeO3 (dissolves in water produce xenic acid) & XeO4 exist. Both are unstable and highly explosive

- Xenon Oxyfluoride (XeOF2, XeO3F2, XeOF4 & XeOF5-)

- Form coordination compounds & organoxenon compound

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summary group VIIIA
Noble gases
-used to be known as rare gases and inert gases
-monoatomic gases
-very unreactive because very high IE and negative EA
Uses
He -air in balloon
-carrier gas in gas    chromatography
- light source in laser
-coolant for superconducting magnet for NMR and MRI

Neon-high voltage indicator
-cryogenic refrigerant

Argon-inert atmosphere for production of air sensitive compound
-light source of laser
-inert gas blanket

Krypton-ion laser

Xenon-flash lamp
-anesthetic property

Radon- radiotherapy, arthritis treatment
Compound
Xe with oxidation state +2, +4 and +6
-behave as ligand

Xe Fluoride
XeF2 ( 400C , 1 atm)
XeF4 (600C, 6 atm)
XeF6 (300C, 60 atm)

Xe can react directly with F
-F powerful oxidizing agent
-Xe larger radii, wear attraction with electron
-F very tiny and highly electronegative

Properties
-strong oxidizing agent
-metathesis XeF6 with oxide
-form complexes with F-
-starting material for formation of Xe with other element

Oxide
XeO3  -hydrolysis Xe fluorides
XeO4 (less stable) - Reaction of Barium perxenate with H2SO4 and dehydration of unstable perxenic acid

Properties
-very strong oxidizing agent
-dissolve in H2O produce xenic acid
-endoergic compound

other
-oxyfluoride
-coordination compound
-organoxenon compound

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Summary for group VIIIA (18) - Noble gases
General properties
-noble gases
-used to be known as "rare gases" and "inert gases"
-monoatomic gases
Very unreactive. Why?
1)Very high ionization energy
2)Negative electron affinity
Uses
Helium
-inert gas for growing crystals, low temp cryogenic refrigent, coolant for superconducting magnet, air in ballons,light sources in laser,carrier gas)
Neon
-neon signs, high voltage indicators.
Argon
-provide inert atmosphere,inert gas blanket
Krypton
-ion laser
Xenon
-flash lamp, has anesthetic properties, isotope Xe
Radon
--radiotheraphy
Compounds
Xenon fluoride
-prepared by direct reaction at high temperature
-XeF2 linear , XeF4 square planar, XeF6 distroted octahedral.
Why Xenon react directly with Fluorine?
-Fluorine is very powerful oxidizing agent
-Xenon larger radii, electron attraction is weaker
-Fluorine, very tiny and very highly electronegative
-Steal electron from Xenon.
Properties
-strong oxidizing agent
-metathesis XeF6 with oxides
-form complexes with F-
Xenon-Oxygen Compounds
Unstale and highly explosive
Prepared by hydrolysis of xenon fluorides.
-Endoergic compound , highly explosives , absorb heat
-Very strong oexdizing agent in ACIDIC solution.

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Thankyou dr for the lesson    NOBLE GASES GROUP VIIIA
1)name
-noble gases /rare gases/inert gases
-monoatomic gases

2) very unreactive
-very high IE, very high Eff nuclear charge
-negative EA, electron need to occupy higher new shell

3)Uses
🔴Helium-semiconductor, low temperature cryogenic refrigerator, coolant, air balloon, lasers and electric discharge lamp
🔴Neon-sign, cryogenic refrigerator
🔴Argon-inert gas blanket, light source laser
🔴Kryton-Ion laser
🔴Xenon-flash lamp, anaesthetic, isotope Xe in medical image
🔴Radon - radiotherapy

4)Compound of XE
🔴FLOURIDE
1)ON =+2,+4,+6
2)Compound Xe with
F/O/N/H/metal bond
3)Xe as ligand
4)prepare direct with high temperature
FORM
-To XeF2 (400c,4atm,Xe in excess)
-To XeF4 (600c,6atm,
ratioXeF2 1:5)
-To XeF6(300c,60atm ratio
Xe F2 1:20)

BECAUSE XE CAN DIRECT
W/Flourine
✨Xe very powerful oxidising agent (easy reduced by gaining e)
✨Xe larger radii (weak e attraction to nucleus)
✨F very tiny,highly electronegativity(easy steal e from Xe form compund)

5) Structure
XeF2 linear
XeF4square planar
XeF6 dishorted octahedral

6) Properties
XeF2 very strong oxidising agent,
XeF6 metathesis with oxide
XeF4 with F- form complexes

🔴OXIDES xenon oxides
1)UNSTABLE BUT HIGHLY REACTIVE
-XeO3 sp3, trigonal pyramidal
-XeO4 sp3 tetrahedral

2)Prepare
Hydrolysis of Xenon Flouride
+3H20->XeO3+Hf
+6H2O->XeO3 +Xe +12HF3
+H2O->XeOF4+HF

3)Properties
-Highy explosive (by absorb water)
-In acidic solutions - > very strong oxidising agent
-In water  and dissolve - - > xenic acid H2XeO4
-in acidic solution, XeO6 4- strong oxidising agent
🔴OTHER
form coordination compund
Organoxenon (II) compund

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Thank you Dr for today's lecturer
Summary for Group VIIA

General Properties :
-known as noble gases,inert gases,rare gases
-monoatomic gases
-very unreactive due to very high ionization energy & negative electron affinity

Uses :
HELIUM
-inert gas, low temperature & coolant
-air in balloons
-light source in laser
NEON
-neon signs
-high voltage indicator
-cryogenic refrigerant
ARGON
-inert atmosphere
-light source & laser
KRYPTON
-ion laser
XENON
-flash lamp
-medical imaging
RADON
-radiotherapy

Compound of Element :
-oxidation no. of Xe: +2, +4, +6
-Compound with Xe-F, Xe-O, Xe-N, Xe-H, Xe-C, Xe-matal bonds are known
-Xe as a ligand

Compounds :
FLOURIDE
-preparation : by direct reaction at high
-properties :
i)strong oxidizing agents
ii)metathesis XeF6 with oxides
iii)form complexes with F-
iv)starting material for formation Xe with other elements
OXIDE
-unstable and highly explosived
-preparation : by hydrolysis of xenon flourides
-properties :
i)is endoergic compound
ii)very strong oxidizing agent in acidic solution
iii)dissolves in water to produce xenic acid
iv)perxenate of alkali metal ions are strong oxidizing agent in acidic solution

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Thank You Dr for today's video. here are summary for group VIIIA
Group VIIIA
- noble gas/ rare gas/ inert gas
- properties: very unreactive due to very high IE and negative EA
•uses
- helium: coolant superconducting magnet for NMR and MRI
- neon: sign for advertisement
- argon: light source and laser
-krypton: krypton ion laser
- xenon: flash lamp
- radon: arthritis treatment, bathing
• compounds
- Xenon fluoride
- preparation: by direct reaction at high temperature
- shape: XeF2(linear), XeF4(square planar, XeF6( distorted octahedral)
- Xenon can directly react with fluoride because F is very powerful oxidizing agent and xenon has larger radii also fluorine is tiny and highly electronegative
- properties: strong oxidizing agent and metathesis Xef6 with oxides
- Xenon-oxygen
- ustable and highly explosive
- preparation: hydrolysis of xenon fluoride
- properties: endoergic compounds, strong oxidizing agent in acidic solution

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Thank you Dr for today's lecturer
Here are my summary of group VIIIA

-known as noble gas,rare gas or inert gas
-its very unreactive due to very high ionization energy(high effective nuclear charge ) and  negative electron affinity (incoming electron need to occupy orbital belonging to a new higher shell)

HELIUM
(inert gas for growing cystal, cryogenic refrigerant, colent superconducting magnet, carrier gas)
NEON
(neon signs, cryogenic refrigerant )
ARGON
(provide inert atmosphere, light sources and lasers)
KRYPTON
(krypton ion laser)
XENON
(flash lamp,has anesthetic property, medical imaging)
RADON
(radiotheraphy)

COMPOUND OF ELEMENTS XE
FLOURIDE (XENON FLOURIDE)
-preparation by direct reaction at high temperature
-structure XeF2,XeF4,XeF6
- strong oxidizing power, metathesis XeF6 with oxides, form complexes with F- ,starting material for formation Xe with other element
XENON CAN REACT DIRECTLY WITH FLOURIDE BEACUSE
-flourine high oxidizing agent and gains electron from xenon
- xenon has larger radii as go down the group so the attraction between electron and nucleus is less
-flourine is very tiny and high electronegative
-thus, it can steal electron from xenon and form compound
OXIDE (XENON-OXIDE)
-unstable,high explosive
-preparation by hydrolysis of xenon flourides
-very strong oxidizing agents in acidic
-dissolves in water form xenic acid
-endoergic compound
OTHERS COMPUNDS
-coordination compound and organoxenon compound

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Summary Group VIIIA
-known as noble gases
-also known as rare gases and inert gases
-monoatomic gases (Cl2, H2)
-very unreactive due to very high ionization energy and negative electrron affinity
-has very high first ionization energy because  it need more energy to take out 1 electron from outer shell
Uses
Helium
-For growing crystals like Si
-Coolant for superconducting magnet
-air in balloon
-carrier gas in gas chromotography
Neon
-neon sign for advertisting
-cryogenic refrigerant
Argon
-light source and laser
-production of air sensitive compound
Krypton
-Krypton ion laser
Xenon
-Xenon flash lamp
-medical imaging
Compound of element
-oxidation number of Xe : +2,+4,+6
-Xe act as ligand
Structure XeF2
1) Linear (sp)
2) Square Planar (sp3d2)
3) Distored octrahedral (sp3d2)
Why Xenon directly react with fluorine
-fluorine is very powerful oxidizing agent
-Xenon has larger radii, electron attraction to nucleus is weaker
-Fluorine have very tiny and highly electronegativity , so it would steal electron from xenon to form compound
Xenon oxygen-compound
-unstable and highly explosive
-XeO3 and XeO4 are exist
Others
-XeOF2 ( T-Shaped)
-XeO3F2 (trigonal bipyramidal)
-XeOF4(square pyramidal)
-XeOF5 (pentagonal pyramidal)

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Summary of Group VIIIA
1)Going down the group covalent radius, m.p/b.p, EA, increases.
2)The general properties are such as very unreactive due to high IE and negative electron affinity
Uses
-Helium: Coolant for superconducting magnet for NMR and MRI, airs in balloons
-Neon: Neon signs for advertising& cryogenic refrigerant
-Argon: Provide inert atmosphere, cryogenic refrigerant, light source
-Krypton: Krypton ion laser
-Xenon: Flash lamp, medical imaging
-Radon: Radiotherapy
Compounds of Xenon
Xenon Fluoride
Preparation: Direct reaction at high temperature
Structure of Xenon Fluoride:
-XeF2=Linear
-XeF4=Square Planar
-XeF6= Distorted Octahedral
Properties:
-Strong oxidizing power
-Metathesis XeF6 with oxides
-Forms complexes with F-
-Starting Materials for the formation of Xe with other element
Xenon-Oxygen
Preparation:
Hydrolysis of Xenon fluorides
Properties:
-Very strong oxidizing agents
Dissolves in water to produces xenic acid
Structure of Oxyfluoride
-XeOF2=T-Shape
-XeO3F2=Trigonal Bipyramidal
-XeOF4=Square Pyramid
-XeOF5- =Pentagonal Pyramid
Thank for today's lecture dr!

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Thank you for a very short lecture today dr. Here is my summary

Summary Group VIIIA (Noble Gas)

- also known as rare gas and inert gas

- monoatomic gas

- very unreactive due to

- very high ionization energy

- negative electron affinity

Properties

- atomic radii increase down the group, melting point, boiling point, electron affinity and ionization energy decreases

- has high first IE due to it is very hard to lose one electron due to noble gas already achieve octet

Uses

Helium
- inert gas for growing crystal

- cryogenic refrigerant

- coolant

- air in balloon and lighter than air craft

- carrier gas in gas chromatography

Argon
- inert atmosphere, cryogenic refrigerant, light source and laser

Krypton
- ion laser

Xenon
- flash lamp, anesthetic property, medical imaging

Radon
- radiotherapy, arthritis treatment, bathing

Compound Of Element

- oxidation number for Xe is +2, +4, +6

- compound with Xe-F, Xe-O, Xe-N, Xe-metal bonds are known

- Xe can behave as a ligand

Compounds

Fluoride

Preparation

- direct reaction at high temperature

Why Xe can react directly with F ?

- due to F is very powerful reducing agent hence F get reduced and gains electron from Xe. Xe has larger radii, so the nucleus attraction is weaker. F has highly electonegative, so it would steal an electron from F, forming a compound

Properties

- strong oxidizing agent

- metathesis XeF6 with oxides

- form complexes with F-

Oxides

- unstable and highly explosive

- XeO3 and XeO4 exist

Preparation

- hydrolysis of Xenon fluoride

Properties

- endoergic compound, highly explosives

- very strong oxidizing agent in acidic solution

- dissolve in water to produce xenic acid

- perxenate of alkali metal ions are strong oxidizing agent in acidic solution

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NUR QISTINA IZZATI BT MOHD FITRINAZRIN POON

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NUR QISTINA IZZATI BT MOHD FITRINAZRIN POON

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Finally,thank you soo much dr sheela for this last topic for periodic table hehe. So,below is my summary for noble gas topic.

Group VIIIA : NOBLE GASES
He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
- covalent radius, m.p & b.p increase when moving down the group
- Monoatomic gases
-  Very unreactive due to high ionization energy and negative electron affinity
He
- Inert gas for growing crystals like Si for semiconductor
- air balloons
Ne
- neon sign for advertising
- high-voltage indicators and switching gear.
Ar
-provide inert for production of air sensitive compounds
Kr
- krypton ion laser
Xe
- xenon flash lamp
Rn
- Radiotherapy ,arthritis treatment and bathing.
Compounds of element
-Xe can act as ligand
-XeF : preparation by direct reaction at high temperature
- structure : XeF2 (linear) , XeF4 (square planar),XeF6 (disorted octahedral)
-Strong oxidizing agents and metathesis XeF6 with oxides.
-Xe-oxygen
- unstable and highly explosive
-XeO3 ( trigonal pyramidal), XeO4(tetrahedral)
-Preparation by hydrolysis of xenon fluorides
-Endoergic compound and a very strong oxidizing agents in acidic solution
-Dissolves in water to produce xenic acid
-knowing about coordination compounds and organoxenon compounds

That's all for my summary.Thank you

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SUMMARY GROUP VIIIA

general properties

noble gases

used to be known as rare gases & inert gases

monoatmic gases

very unreactive [very high ionization energy & negative electron affinity]

uses
Helium
- inert gas, coolant & low temperature
- air in balloons
Neon
- neon signs
Argon
- inert atmosphere, inert gas blanket
Krypton
- ion laser
Xenon
- flash lamp
- anesthetic property
Radon
- radiotherapy

compounds of elements
- oxidation no Xe : +2, +4 & +6
- behave as ligand

Xenon Fluoride

direct reaction at high temperature

XeF2 : linear

XeF4 : square planar

XeF6 : distorted octahedral (6 bonding pairs, 1 lone pairs)

Xenon react directly with fluorine :

Fluorine - very powerful oxidizing agent - reduced & gains electron from Xe

Xe - very large radii - attraction to the nucleus weaker

Fluorine - very tiny & high electronegative - steal an electron & form compound

properties

strong oxidizing agent

metathesis XeF6 with oxides (metathesis : reaction where cations & anions change partner)

form complexes with F-

starting material for formation Xe

Xenon-Oxygen

unstable & highly explosive

XeO3 (trigonal pyramidal)

XeO4 (tetrahedral)

preparation by hydrolysis of xenon fluorides

properties

endoergic compound(highly explosive)

very strong oxidizing agent in acidic solution

dissolves in water to produce xenic acid

perxenate of alkali metal ions (XeO₆ ⁴⁻) strong oxidizing agent in acidic solution

thank you dr for today's last chapter :) i've no question so far.