# data[].attributes.headline
Heward, W. L., Alber-Morgan, S.R., & Konrad, M. (2017). Exceptional children: An introduction to special education. 11th Edition. Pearson. ISBN: 978-0135160428

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Heward, W. L., Alber-Morgan, S.R., & Konrad, M. (2017). Exceptional children: An introduction to special education. 11th Edition. Pearson. ISBN: 978-0135160428

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10. What are the key components in defining emotional disturbance or behavior disorders? 

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10. What are the key components in defining emotional disturbance or behavior disorders? 

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-A condition exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics over a long period of time and to a marked degree that adversely affects educational performance.

An inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory and health factors.

An inability to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers.

Inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under normal circumstances.

A general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression.

A tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems.

Emotional disturbance includes schizophrenia.

(Heward, Alber, and Konrad, 2017, p.181-182)

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11. What are the causal factors associated with this disability? 

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11. What are the causal factors associated with this disability? 

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-Biological Factors: Brain disorders, genetics, and temperament.
-Environmental Factors: Home,  school, and community.
(Heward, Alber, and Konrad, 2017, p.193-194)

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12. What are the characteristics (externalized and internalized behaviors) associated with this disability?

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12. What are the characteristics (externalized and internalized behaviors) associated with this disability?

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Externalized Behaviors-

Get out of their seats

Yell, talk out and curse

Disturb peers

Hit or fight

Ignore the teacher

Complain

Argue excessively

Steal

Lie

Destroy property

Have temper tantrums

Are non compliant

Internalizing Behaviors: Anxiety, Mood, and other Disorders

Generalized anxiety disorder

Phobias

Obsessive/compulsive disorder (OCD)

Anorexia nervosa

Bulimia nervosa

Posttraumatic stress disorder

Selective mutism

Depression

Bipolar disorder

Schizophrenia

Tourette syndrome

(Heward, Alber, and Konrad, 2017, p.183-186)

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13. What are the educational placement alternatives for students with emotional disturbance or behavior disorders?

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13. What are the educational placement alternatives for students with emotional disturbance or behavior disorders?

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-General education classroom
-Resource classroom
-Separate classrooms
-Special schools
-Correctional facilities
-Residential schools
-Home or hospital placements
(Heward, Alber, and Konrad, 2017, p.212)

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6. What are the three key components in operationalizing the IDEA definition of learning disabilities? 

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6. What are the three key components in operationalizing the IDEA definition of learning disabilities? 

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-1-Ability-Achievement Discrepancy: a discrepancy between the student's intellectual ability and academic achievement.
-2- Exclusion- student's difficulties are not the result of another known condition that can cause learning problems.
-3- Need for Special Education services
(Heward, Alber, and Konrad, 2017, p.144)

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7. What are the characteristics (in general) of children and youth with learning disabilities? 

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7. What are the characteristics (in general) of children and youth with learning disabilities? 

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-Reading problems
-Written language deficits
-Math underachievement
-Poor social skills
-Attention deficits
-Hyperactivity
-Behavior problems
-Low self-esteem
-Low self-efficacy
(Heward, Alber, and Konrad, 2017, p.146)

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8. What are the suspected causes of Learning Disabitilies?

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8. What are the suspected causes of Learning Disabitilies?

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The cause is typically unknown.
However, there are three classes of suspected causes that include brain damage or dysfunction, heredity, and environmental factors.
(Heward, Alber, and Konrad, 2017, p.153)

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9. What are the educational placement alternatives for students with learning disabilities? 

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9. What are the educational placement alternatives for students with learning disabilities? 

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-General Education Classroom with consult support or inclusion teacher.
-Resource Room- part time placement where the special education teacher provides intensive, individualized instruction on academic skills, social skills and learning strategies.
-Separate Classroom- full time placement where the special education teacher is responsible for all educational programming.
(Heward, Alber, and Konrad, 2017, p.173-174)

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1. What are the three key components in the IDEA definition of intellectual disabilities?

One- "significantly sub average intellectual functioning."
Two- Individual must have a significant difficulty with everyday living tasks.
Three- The deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior must occur during the developmental period to help distinguish intellectual disability from other disabilities.

(Heward, Alber, and Konrad, 2017, p.109-110)

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2. What are the generalized characteristics of children and you with intellectual disabilities? 

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2. What are the generalized characteristics of children and you with intellectual disabilities? 

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-slow learning rates
-poor memory
-attention problems
-difficulty maintaining learned material
-generalizing learned material
-poor motivation

(Heward, Alber, and Konrad, 2017, p.114)

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3. How can one distinguish across the mild, moderate, severe, and profound levels of intellectual disabilities? 

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3. How can one distinguish across the mild, moderate, severe, and profound levels of intellectual disabilities? 

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Mild intellectual disabilities- not identified until they enter school, when more difficult academic work is required.
Moderate intellectual disabilities- significant delays are shown in the development during preschool years.
Severe and profound intellectual disabilities- Almost always identified at birth or shortly afterwards. These infants will have significant central nervous system damage and have additional disabilities or health conditions.

(Heward, Alber, and Konrad, 2017, p.114)

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4. What are some of the most prevalent prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal causes of intellectual disabilities?

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4. What are some of the most prevalent prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal causes of intellectual disabilities?

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(Heward, Alber, and Konrad, 2017, p.122)

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5. What are some of the most effective current instructional methods utilized with students that have intellectual disabiities?

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5. What are some of the most effective current instructional methods utilized with students that have intellectual disabiities?

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- Assess each students present levels of performance to identify and prioritize the most important instructional targets.
-Define and task analyze the new knowledge or skills to be learned.
- Design instructional materials and activities so the student has frequent opportunities to respond in the form of guided and independent practice.
-Provide and then fade prompts and cues so the student can respond to naturally occurring stimuli.
- Provide systematic consequences for student performance in the form of contingent reinforcement, instructional feedback and error correct.
-Incorporate fluency-building activities into lessons.
-Use strategies to promote the generalization and maintenance of newly learned skills.
-Conduct direct and frequent measurements of student performance and use those data to inform instructional decisions.
(Heward, Alber, and Konrad, 2017, p.129)