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books about race; new york times bestsellers; books about white supremacy; affirmative action; police brutality; black lives matter; cultural appropriation; microaggressions; books about racism; people of color; white privilege; identity politics

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So You Want to Talk About Race [Oluo, Ijeoma] on Amazon.com. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. So You Want to Talk About Race

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Do I Really Have to Care About Structural Racism?

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Do I Really Have to Care About Structural Racism?

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1. Pay attention to the conversation because ethnic tension in America between African Americans and Anglo Americans affects you

It affects you because we are members of a greater whole. Problems in one part will affect the entire society. It's as true today as it was yesterday. Martin Luther King Jr. insightfully wrote about this connection in his " Letter from a Birmingham Jail ":
"Moreover, I am cognizant of the interrelatedness of all communities and states. I cannot sit idly by in Atlanta and not be concerned about what happens in Birmingham. Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly affects all indirectly. Never again can we afford to live with the narrow, provincial "outside agitator" idea. Anyone who lives inside the United States can never be considered an outsider."
2. Pay attention to the conversation on ethnic tension because you want to follow Jesus, who died to secure his people from every tribe, nation, people, and language (Rev 7:9)

Therefore, if you care about his mission, then you'll care for them too.

Caring for the lost means being concerned and compassionate about all their suffering, especially their eternal suffering. Do you long for their salvation? Do you feel burdened by their burdens? Then we must start by caring for them here and now.

They have publicly been communicating their burdens, and now, we can even hear their words online and in our social media feeds. So we must start understanding. We must seek their good and societal righteousness for all, including those who are more easily dismissed.

Furthermore, to follow Christ is to obey his commands and teach others to obey all He commands (Matt 28:19-20). Sitting convicted in my living room after talking to my two African American brothers, I realized that I not only failed to love faithfully, I did not teach others in my church to love faithfully. I was perpetuating sinful indifference. This leads to my last reason why you should pay attention to this conversation.

3. Pay attention to the conversation on ethnic tension because you want to make sure you are actually loving your neighbor

The greatest command is to love God with all you are and the second is to love your neighbor as yourself (Mark 12:30-31). God is love (1 John 4:8).

True love is not only having good intentions, but loving according to the truth, speaking the truth in love, and acting in a way that helps people enjoy living in light of the truth. I don't know any Christian who says, "I'm for racism." All Christians I know have sincere intentions to love their African American neighbors. Praise God! But that is only one aspect of love. If one does not understand the actual situation our African American neighbors and church members are in today then our good intentions may do more harm than good.

A parenting example might help us understand the point. If I have good intentions for my children to be happy by never disciplining them, then I may have intended to love them but I haven't loved my children biblically. The Holy Spirit says, "The one who will not use the rod hates his son, but the one who loves him disciplines him diligently" (Prov 13:24). Love is more than intention. Love must discern the reality of the situation and act accordingly. In the same way, we must accurately discern the situation of our African American neighbors and love them in a biblically effective way.

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Do I Really Have to Care About Structural Racism? - SOLA

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P.J. Tibayan As a pastor, I've often been asked the question: Do I really have to care about structural racism? I'll hear people say: "I'm Asian American, and the problem seems to be between African Americans and Anglo Americans."

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Know Your History: Understanding Racism in the U.S.

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Know Your History: Understanding Racism in the U.S.

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"And then you might understand how the death of Michael Brown became a tipping point in the US."

An African American woman yells 'Freedom' when asked to shout so loud it will be heard all over the world at the March on Washington in August 1963 [Express Newspapers/Getty Images/File]

There will never be an acceptable explanation for what happened between Michael Brown and Darren Wilson in Ferguson but we will never fully grasp why the stage was set for such an encounter unless we know American history.

We cannot fully comprehend why Dylan Roof murdered nine parishioners at Emanuel AME Church in Charleston unless we study the Civil War and the Confederacy.

We cannot truly fathom how a minor traffic stop in Cincinnati could result in a white campus police officer blowing out the brains of an unarmed black man unless we delve into the role race has played in law enforcement from the enactment of the federal Fugitive Slave Act in 1850 to today's mandatory minimum sentencing statutes.

Examining American history provides us with the tools to analyse how the death of Michael Brown and the demonstrations on Florrisant Avenue became a tipping point and sparked a movement. Connecting the dots between the past and the present helps us to see the origins of our current national debate - about race, police misconduct, white supremacy, white privilege, inequality, incarceration and the unfinished equal rights agenda.
The pendulum
The history of people of African descent in America - which is to say the history of America - is a pendulum of progress and setbacks, of resilience and retaliation, of protest and backlash. There have been allies and there have been opponents. There have been demagogues, who would divide Americans on the basis of colour and class, and visionaries who would seek to lead us to common ground.

The quest for "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness" has been an American aspiration since the Declaration of Independence, but black Americans, Native Americans and women were not at the table in 1776. Forty of the 56 signers owned other people.

Lest there be any doubt about where the young nation's sentiments lay, the Supreme Court's 1857 Dred Scott decision made clear that people of African descent - whether enslaved or free - would not be considered American citizens and had no legal standing in the courts. It mattered not that some of their grandfathers had served in George Washington's Continental Army during the Revolutionary War.

Last month in Washington, DC, at the third annual March on Washington Film Festival, Clarence B Jones, a confidant and personal legal counsel to Martin Luther King, Jr., said "a definitive discussion and description of the institution of slavery, the concomitant supporting ideology of white supremacy and the impact it has had on subsequent generations" are missing from the history curriculum of most American high schools and colleges.

Without that knowledge, he said, it is impossible to understand America today.

"Our history has never taught the centrality of race as the key barometer to how well we are doing with the American Experiment," added Pulitzer Prize winning historian Taylor Branch that same evening. "If you don't have race at the forefront of an investigation of how America is fulfilling its goals, then something is wrong. And unfortunately right now we are paying the price for 50 years of trying to avoid and hide that subject."

Indeed every time we see another video - of Sandra Bland, of Freddie Gray, of Tamir Rice - we witness the horrifying evidence of our national failure to confront this legacy.

What used to be called "the Negro problem", really is a matter of the intransigence of white supremacists who are mired in the past.

Slavery was not the benign, paternalistic system described in the history textbooks of my youth. Instead, it was a brutal, often sadistic, form of domination over the bodies and minds of people who were kidnapped, whipped, beaten and raped. Generations of human beings toiled against their will without pay or legal rights.

For 246 years - from 1619, when 20 Africans were forced into indentured servitude in Jamestown, Virginia, until the end of the Civil War in 1865 - most people of African descent in America were enslaved. Those who had purchased or otherwise been granted their freedom lived a precarious, circumscribed existence.

Slavery and the slave trade were essential to the American economy and to the development of American capitalism, especially after Native Americans were driven off their ancestral land in the Deep South in the 1830s to make way for vast cotton plantations. The wealth of the nation was inextricably dependent upon uncompensated labour, which enriched not only the planters, but universities, banks, textile mills, ship owners and insurance companies, who held policies on their bodies. To settle a debt, an owner merely needed to sell one of his slaves.

By 1850, enslaved Americans, who were listed in their owners' inventory ledgers alongside cattle and farm equipment, were worth $1.3bn or one-fifth of the nation's wealth. When the first shot of the Civil War was fired at Fort Sumter in April 1861, the value of that human collateral exceeded $3bn and was worth more than the nation's banks, railroads, mills and factories combined. Now numbering four million souls, they were, as Ta-Nehisi Coates has written, America's "greatest financial asset".

Immediately after the Civil War, during the hopeful, but brief period of Reconstruction, black people were finally recognised as citizens with rights. But just as quickly as the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments abolished slavery, provided equal protection under the law and granted black men the right to vote, Reconstruction ended with retaliatory Redemption.

When federal troops abandoned their posts in the South after the Compromise of 1877, the defeated Confederates regrouped as the Ku Klux Klan and the Knights of the White Camellia. They regained control of their workforce, not by owning them, but by circumscribing their lives through terror, violence and voter suppression.
READ MORE: Reflections of a former white supremacist
In Louisiana, the number of registered black voters plummeted from 130,334 in 1896 to 5,320 in 1898. Fraudulent voting schemes pushed black elected officials from state legislatures and from Congress. During the late 19th century, there were 20 black members of Congress . When North Carolina's George Henry White left in 1901, there would not be another until 1928, when Oscar DePriest was elected in Chicago. For virtually the first half of the 20th century the 15th Amendment had no value for blacks in the former Confederate states, where they were denied the right to vote through the cynical artifice of poll taxes, literacy tests and grandfather clauses.

Jim Crow laws and Black Codes obliterated Reconstruction wins and codified racially based discrimination. The sharecropping system, which left black farmers in debt at the end of every harvest, was equivalent to slavery. Black children were allowed to attend school only during times of the year when there were no farm chores to do. Historian Rayford Logan called the period "nadir of American race relations".

Those who got too uppity were lynched, firebombed in their homes and chased from land they owned.

In 1915, DW Griffith's technically groundbreaking movie, Birth of a Nation, glorified the Klan and fed the trope of black inferiority and criminality. Around the same time, a migration wave began that would eventually see more than six million black Americans flee the brutality and deprivation of the South for the relative freedom of the North and the West.

Four years later, when black soldiers returned from World War I military duty in France, they were attacked during the "Red Summer" as resentful whites instigated riots in at least 34 cities, from Chicago and Washington, DC to Memphis and Charleston. Their goal was to put men who had received France's Croix de Guerre back in their place as the Klan had done after Reconstruction. The NAACP investigated and black newspapers editorialised. During the succeeding decades - through the Depression, the New Deal and World War II - the pendulum continued to swing between progress and setbacks.

The attitudes that informed Jim Crow laws and discriminatory public policy existed in the North as well as the South. The results are evident today in major American cities, where banks refused loans to black home buyers in the 1950s and 1960s, literally drawing on maps red lines around predominantly black neighbourhoods and ensuring that those homes would not appreciate in value at the same rate as comparable white neighbourhoods.

In 1957, when my parents were ready to finance a new home in an all-black development of newly constructed residences in a suburb of Indianapolis, they were unable to secure a loan from any of the city's large banks. Both were college graduates and business executives. Our neighbours were doctors, teachers, coaches, plumbers, entrepreneurs, realtors, nurses, ministers, architects, insurance salesmen and carpenters. Many of the men were veterans of World War II and the Korean War and therefore eligible for the GI Bill's home loan guaranty. In other words, people who normally would have had no trouble qualifying for mortgages. Instead, they went to Mammoth Life Insurance, a black-owned insurance company then based in Louisville, Kentucky, for their loans.

In 1954, the Supreme Court's Brown v Board of Education decision struck down so-called separate but equal education and mandated that American schools be racially integrated. As a post-Brown v Board child, I always attended integrated schools, encountering the occasional racist, but, like my parents, rolling with the punches, keeping perspective and finding progressive kindred spirits in the process. But in many communities - both in the South and the North - the diehard segregationists responded with paranoia and bitterness, decrying the evils of race-mixing and miscegenation.

In 1957, nine students at Little Rock High School were harassed and spit upon. In 1963, Alabama governor George Wallace tried, but failed, to block the enrollment of Vivian Malone and James Hood. Across the South, federal troops were called in to facilitate the process.

For a time, it seemed that American schools might be integrated, but that pendulum soon began to move in the other direction as all-white academies opened. Today, most Americans are enlightened enough not to oppose interracial marriage and are much more tolerant than their grandparents and great-grandparents, but American public schools in most areas are more segregated than ever, as Nikole Hannah-Jones' April 2014 ProPublica investigation of Tuscaloosa, Alabama schools so well illustrated.

Pressure from Martin Luther King, Jr., Fannie Lou Hamer, thousands of activists and a powerful cadre of civil rights leaders combined with the political muscle and willingness of the Kennedy and Johnson administrations to push for critical legislation during the mid-1960s. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 forbade discrimination on the basis of sex as well as race in hiring, promoting and firing. Today, our workplaces are undoubtedly more diverse than they were in the 1950s, with more people of colour employed as physicians, firefighters, attorneys, journalists, investment bankers and professors. But it is still true that when a white person and a black person with comparable credentials apply for a job, the white person is more likely to be hired.

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 outlawed poll taxes and made it possible for thousands of formerly disenfranchised black Americans to vote. Now, throughout America, there are thousands of people of colour who are city council members, mayors, members of Congress, on school boards and of course, now in the White House. During the last two presidential elections, black voters turned out in record numbers because they were motivated and because many of the old obstacles to voting had been removed.

But a backlash has developed in that arena, too. Two years ago, in Shelby County v Holder, the Supreme Court gutted Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act, removing the "preclearance" provisions that required states with a history of voter discrimination to seek permission for changes to electoral procedures. Despite no evidence of significant voter fraud, Republican legislators immediately passed new voter ID laws that groups like the Brennan Center for Justice and the Advancement Project argue will suppress voter turnout among black, Latino, elderly and young voters, who are more likely to vote for Democrats.

President Barack Obama 's election in 2008 and re-election in 2012 provided evidence of how much the nation has changed in the last half a century . While arrival of the "post-racial" era was much overstated and a result of magical thinking, Americans rightly celebrated the progress on Inauguration Day 2009. The high of the moment, though, was accompanied by the rise of the Tea Party and the reminder of the strain of white supremacy that is baked into the American DNA.

Rattled by the presence of a black family in the White House, "birthers" emerged and fabricated a myth that America's first black president - by some amazing feat of molecular transference - had been born not in Hawaii, where his mother was located at the time, but in Kenya. In this age of social media, Youtube and cable television, their illogical stories took flight, promulgated not just by the poorly educated prone to conspiracy theories, but by people who clearly knew better.
READ MORE: A photographic journey through race and racism in the US When the past isn't past
William Faulkner famously said, "The past is not dead. It is not even past". This is certainly true when it comes to the Civil War. Most credible scholars and historians agree that slavery was the root cause of the war, whether they focus on the Missouri Compromise of 1820, the Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854, President Lincoln's election in 1860 or a myriad of other events and factors. But for an adamant segment of the American population the reason for "The Late Unpleasantness" remains in dispute, 150 years after Confederate General Robert E Lee surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse.

Five years ago, the Pew Research Center found that nearly half - 48 percent - of those polled believed "states' rights" was the main cause of the war, compared to 38 percent who thought that it was slavery. Particularly disturbing is that 60 percent of respondents under the age of 30 selected the states' rights option.

One suspects the current Red States/Blue States polarisation - where Republican-controlled legislatures resist federal programmes like the Affordable Care Act in the name of "states' rights" - has seeped into the historical debate and conflated the past with the present.

There is so much to remind us that the past is neither dead, nor past.

Later this month, when five million Texas students return to school, they will be learning American history from a syllabus that equivocates about the reasons for the Civil War.

"Slavery was a side issue to the Civil War," declared Texas State Board of Education member Pat Hardy, when the board adopted highly politicised standards in 2010. "There would be those who would say the reason for the Civil War was over slavery. No. It was over states' rights."

This intentionally and unapologetically ideological approach to curriculum development is akin to educational malpractice. By misinforming children, they are failing to prepare them for the very diverse world, not only that they will inherit, but in which they already live. They might as well tell them that the stork brings babies or that tooth fairies put dollars under their pillows.

In fact, the "states' rights" that Hardy holds so dear are the states' rights that defended segregation in the 1950s and 1960s, with complaints about "outside agitators," Freedom Riders and other young activists who registered voters, sat at lunch counters and integrated public facilities. To the degree that states' rights factored into causing the Civil War, it was the effort to preserve the right to continue slavery and the desire for western territories to enter the Union as states where slavery was legal. States' rights was about the planters' prerogative to own other people rather than some highly principled constitutional debate.

When those states seceded from the union, their reasons were quite precise. Mississippi's declaration of secession could not have been clearer, in fact: "Our position is thoroughly identified with the institution of slavery - the greatest material interest of the world ... a blow at slavery is a blow at commerce and civilisation."

Texas was equally as direct: " We hold as undeniable truths that the governments of the various States, and of the confederacy itself, were established exclusively by the white race, for themselves and their posterity; that the African race had no agency in their establishment; that they were rightfully held and regarded as an inferior and dependent race."

Among the popular slogans on t-shirts at Civil War battle re-enactments and Confederate flag rallies are "Know your history" and "If this shirt offends you, you need a history lesson".

Many of the people who agree with those sentiments will say that their ancestors were in the states' rights camp and that they didn't own enslaved people. In truth "more than half of the Confederate officers in 1861 owned slaves," writes historian Joseph Glatthaar, author of General Lee's Army: From Victory to Collapse. As young army recruits, only a few of the enlisted men personally owned anyone, but more than a third of them were members of slave-owning families. And as young white men in America, they all benefitted from membership in a society which prospered from the system of slavery.

READ MORE: Racism in the US: What if your identity was a lie?

A nation of contradictions
Because Dylan Roof displayed the Confederate Battle Flag and drew inspiration from fellow white supremacists as he planned his attack on Emanuel Church, many people have begun to re-examine their attachment to the flag. When they are honest, they must admit that the history of the Confederacy does not equal the history of the South. A flag that was resurrected in 1962 and unfurled at the University of Mississippi to oppose James Meredith's enrollment and that was beloved by members of the Klan and the White Citizens Council is fraught with dastardly symbolism. So when someone says it is about "heritage, not hate," it seems they have been duped or that they do not really know the actual heritage they profess to admire.

Inseparable from the 'heritage' that reveres family member who fought on the losing side of the Civil War, is the evil of a system and an economy that relied on slave labour for two and a half centuries, then on codified inequality for another 100 years,

"I am proud of the culture, grace and elegance of the Old South, of our heritage of courage, honour, chivalry, respect for womanhood, patriotism, and of duty to God and country," a member of the Sons of Confederate Veterans rhapsodised several years ago in an essay. "I love the Confederate Flag and 'Dixie' as stirring symbols of that heritage."

Far be it from me to question another person's affection for his ancestors. But I can't help but note that all that "culture, grace and elegance" that occurred, no doubt, under fragrant magnolia blossoms, would not have been possible without the labour of those millions of unpaid people who worked not just from sun up to sun down, but through the night, to preserve that Disney-fied version of reality.

It would be easier to believe this symbol was unrelated to a desire for white supremacy if it weren't so frequently sported by people who also have swastika tattoos and wear Nazi paraphernalia. And if their social media comments comments didn't so closely correlate with hate group mentality. It would be easier to believe that this fealty for the Confederate flag was all about family pride if the provenance of its popularity were different.

Soon after General Lee surrendered, he took an oath to support the Constitution of the United States and advised his compatriots to do the same.

"Lee did not want such divisive symbols following him to the grave," wrote Jonathan Horn in the Daily Beast earlier this year. "At his funeral in 1870, flags were noticeably absent from the procession. Former Confederate soldiers marching did not don their old military uniforms, and neither did the body they buried. 'His Confederate uniform would have been 'treason' perhaps!' Lee's daughter wrote."

"Racial ignorance is a prison from which there is no escape because there are no doors," Toni Morrison said at Portland State in 1975 . "And there are old, old men and old, old women who need to believe in their racism...They are in prisons of their own construction. But you must know the truth. That you are free."

Fortunately, there also are young Americans who wish not to be associated with this ignorance. Earlier this year, before the murders in South Carolina, the University of Texas' student government passed a resolution demanding the removal of a statue of the Confederate States of America president, Jefferson Davis. It took the massacre at Emanuel Church to finally shame the South Carolina legislature into removing the Confederate Battle Flag from the statehouse grounds, but at least that has happened. In response, there have been more than 130 pro-flag rallies, but the demonstrators look more marginalised each time they gather.

Since the election of President Obama, those who resent him have taken to talking about "traditional Americans," by which they mean white Americans of European descent. This view reeks of old time white supremacy and a willful amnesia about the reality of American history.

Congress outlawed the importation of enslaved Africans in 1808, which means the majority of African Americans are descended from people who were here long before many European Americans - especially the large waves of Irish, German, Italian and Jewish immigrants who came between 1820 and 1920.

For all those many years, those people of African descent were planting rice, picking tobacco, baling cotton and building levees, but also starting businesses, founding churches, performing surgery and more. At the US Capitol, where they worked as carpenters, stone masons, plasterers, painters and labourers, their owners were compensated for their work though they were not. For as long as African Americans have been in America, they have played a role in its development. They are as "traditional" in their longevity and their worthiness as anyone else. In fact, America would not be America without them.

But when one segment of the population convinces itself that it has a more legitimate claim to being 'American,' it follows that they will think their lives are more valuable and more important. When they convince themselves that black and brown people are 'takers' rather than producers, they feel justified in disrespecting them, incarcerating them and disenfranchising them.

When public policy is based on lies and misconceptions, a mentality emerges that "those people" are undeserving. It allows the Darren Wilsons of the world to convince themselves that they are victims. And it follows that the Michael Browns of the world not only do not matter, but are the victimisers.

We are a nation of contradictions. We continue to fight the same battles over and over, decade after decade, generation after generation without facing reality. We put band aids on lacerations and hope the cancer of racial hatred won't recur.

Once again, we are at a pivotal moment. The pendulum is moving. It is as clear as it has ever been that what we know about our history shapes the way we think of ourselves, the way we think of our government and the way we treat our fellow Americans. What we know about history and what we know about current events shapes public policy. When we are misinformed, we make poor decisions.

We have come to this place because a generation of activists who lived through the Freedom Rides, the march on Selma and the traumas and triumphs of the Civil Rights Movement are determined that they will not have the gains they made trampled upon. When they gathered for the March on Washington anniversary on the Mall in August 2013, they wondered who the new foot soldiers would be. They know the battle has always been fought on so many fronts by lawyers and scholars, by journalists and ministers, by community organisers and teachers. But at the March on Washington Film Festival this summer, they were heartened that a generation of young activists had emerged. DeRay McKesson and Johnetta Elzie of We The Protestors. Bree Newsome who climbed the flagpole in Columbia, South Carolina. Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors and Opal Tometi who founded the Black Lives Matter movement. And many, many more.

Michael Brown's corpse on the scorching pavement on August 9, 2014 forced America to pay attention just as Emmett Till's bloated body grabbed the nation in the summer of 1955. The shootings at Emanuel Church felt much too much like the bombing of Sixteenth Street Baptist church in Birmingham in 1963. The tanks and armoured personnel carriers on Florissant Avenue reminded us of Bull Connor's hoses and attack dogs. Americans of good will could no longer retreat into their comfort zones and pretend that there were not consequences for us all.

Michael Brown and all the others who died before him and who have died since made it impossible for us to look away. And that has changed everything.
A'Lelia Bundles is a former network television news producer and executive. She is the author of On Her Own Ground: The Life and Times of Madam C. J. Walker, a biography of her great-great-grandmother.
The views expressed in this article are the author's own and do not necessarily reflect Al Jazeera's editorial policy.

This article first appeared in a special edition of the Al Jazeera Magazine exploring race in the US. Download it for iPads and iPhones here , and for Android devices here .

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Know your history: Understanding racism in the US

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"And then you might understand how the death of Michael Brown became a tipping point in the US." There will never be an acceptable explanation for what happened between Michael Brown and Darren Wilson in Ferguson but we will never fully grasp why the stage was set for such an encounter unless we know American history.

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The Impact of Structural Racism on Black Americans

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The Impact of Structural Racism on Black Americans

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Throughout US history, the justice system has been used to watch, control, detain, exploit and, in too many cases, kill Black people.

Mass surveillance of Black Americans began in the 17th century and continues today.

Throughout history, policing the ability of Black Americans to move around freely was a method of instilling fear and asserting White dominance. Many law enforcement methods today arose from those early practices.

The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 mandated that citizens aid and assist in the return of escaped slaves or face harsh penalties.

Slave patrols made up of White community members beat, terrorized, and kept enslaved Americans under surveillance at the directive of local authorities.

After the Civil War, vigilante groups including the Ku Klux Klan continued the tactics of the slave patrols to control and terrorize Black Americans.

The US Supreme Court decision Terry v. Ohio in 1968 permitted police to stop and frisk a citizen based on a "reasonable suspicion" the person had committed a crime, a change from the standard of "probable cause."

Convict labor: a replacement for slavery.

The 13th Amendment to the US Constitution abolished slavery "except as a punishment for a crime." This clause was used to justify "convict leasing" and other forms of prisoner labor that replicated slavery.

To detain Black people, Southern states enacted "Black Codes" under which only Black people were arrested and prosecuted for minor offenses such as loitering, breaking curfew, vagrancy, carrying weapons, and not having proof of employment.

As more and more Black people were incarcerated, states profited by leasing prisoners to private industries like railways and mining, where Black Americans were forced to do dangerous and deadly work for no pay.

Today, at the Louisiana State Penitentiary known as Angola, prisoners, who are mostly Black, work in fields that were once part of a private slave plantation. They are supervised by mostly White guards, who are known as "Freemen."

Since 1990, Department of Defense surplus programs have increased many local police departments' access to military grade equipment.

To help eliminate military waste and support the "war on drugs," the Department of Defense introduced programs that provided police departments free access to military grade equipment. The equipment has included assault rifles, grenade launchers, battle uniforms, and armored vehicles.

Police departments receiving the military equipment had more police violence and deployed the equipment more often to communities of color-in particular, Black communities.

Use of force by police is one of the leading causes of death for men of color aged 25-29.

Research has shown that about one in 1,000 Black men and boys will be killed by police, the highest lifetime risk for any racial or ethnic group.

Ninety-nine percent of killings by police from 2013-2019 have not resulted in officers being charged with a crime.

Black women were arrested three times more often than White women during police-initiated traffic and street stops and are more likely to have force used on them than White women.

The prison population is disproportionately Black.

Black adults are 5.9 times more likely to be incarcerated than White adults.

Thirty-three percent of US prisoners are Black, compared to 12% of the general population.

White people are 30% of prisoners and 63% of the general population.

Black women were nearly twice as likely to be incarcerated as White women in 2017.

In 2020, 41.4% of prisoners on death row were Black, and 42.2% were White.

Black youth are overrepresented in the juvenile justice system: 14% of the general US population under the age of 18 is Black, but 42% of boys in juvenile facilities are Black, as are 35% of girls.

Bail bonds are set twice as high for Black defendants than for White defendants.

Young Black men are 50% more likely than White defendants to be held in pretrial detention.

Ex-offenders face high unemployment and hiring bias after reentry.

While many employers are reluctant to hire job applicants with a criminal record, multiple studies have found they are even less likely to hire Black people with criminal records.

How to cite this product: Amelia Costigan, Keshia Garnett, Emily Troiano, The Impact of Structural Racism on Black Americans (Catalyst, September 30, 2020).

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The Impact of Structural Racism on Black Americans (Report)

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Throughout US history, the justice system has been used to watch, control, detain, exploit and, in too many cases, kill Black people. Mass surveillance of Black Americans began in the 17th century and continues today. Throughout history, policing the ability of Black Americans to move around freely was a method of instilling fear and asserting White dominance.

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Cpl. George Bushy, left, holds the youngest child of Shigeho Kitamoto, center, as she and her children are forced to leave Bainbridge Island, Wash., in 1942. They were sent to an internment camp. (AP)

A gunman killed eight people at three Atlanta-area spas Tuesday night; six of the victims were women of Asian descent, sparking fears among advocacy groups that the killings may have been racially motivated.

Anti-Asian hate crimes have spiked 150 percent since the pandemic began, according to a recent study.

Suspect charged with killing 8 in Atlanta-area shootings that targeted Asian-run spas

People of Asian descent have been living in the United States for more than 160 years, and have long been the target of bigotry. Here is a look at the violence and racism that Asian immigrants and Asian Americans have faced since before the Civil War.

People v. Hall

Chinese immigrants began coming to the United States in significant numbers in the 1850s, largely to California and other Western states, to work in mining and railroad construction. There was high demand for these dangerous, low-wage jobs, and Chinese immigrants were willing to fill them. Almost immediately, the racist trope of "Asians coming to steal White jobs" was born. And in 1854, the California Supreme Court reinforced racism against Asian immigrants in People v. Hall, ruling that people of Asian descent could not testify against a White person in court, virtually guaranteeing that Whites could escape punishment for anti-Asian violence. In this case, it was murder: George Hall shot and killed Chinese immigrant Ling Sing, and the testimony of witnesses was rejected because they were also Asian.

Chinese massacre of 1871

On Oct. 24, 1871, following the murder of a White man caught in the crossfire between rival Chinese groups, more than 500 White and Hispanic rioters surrounded and attacked Los Angeles' small Chinese community, centered in a red-light district known as Negro Alley. At least 17 Chinese men and boys were lynched, including a prominent local doctor. They were hanged across several downtown sites, anywhere the rioters could find a beam to string a noose. Eight of the rioters were eventually convicted of manslaughter, but their convictions were overturned. No one else was ever punished.

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

Economic woes in the 1870s spawned another spike in anti-Asian racism and scapegoating. In 1882, Congress overwhelmingly passed the Chinese Exclusion Act, which banned Chinese immigration for 20 years. President Chester A. Arthur vetoed it, but then signed another version with a 10-year ban. The first law placing a restriction on immigration to the United States, it was extended for more than 60 years before it was repealed in 1943.

'Cheap slaves': The ugly history of the Chinese Exclusion Act

Rock Springs massacre, 1885

In Rock Springs, Wyoming Territory, long-standing aggression against Chinese miners exploded in September 1885, when 100 to 150 vigilantes surrounded and attacked Chinese mineworkers, killing 28 people and burning 79 homes. Hundreds fled to a nearby town, then were tricked into boarding a train they were told would take them to safety in San Francisco. Instead, it took them back to Rock Springs, where they were forced back into the mine. Federal troops stayed for 13 years to impose order.

San Francisco plague outbreak

In 1900, an outbreak of bubonic plague struck San Francisco. It is likely that the outbreak began with a ship from Australia, but since the first stateside victim was a Chinese immigrant, the whole community was blamed for it. Overnight, the city's Chinatown was surrounded by police, preventing anyone but White residents from going in or out. Chinese residents were also subjected to home searches and property destruction by force. The episode was a prelude to the racism that has been aimed at Asian Americans during the coronavirus pandemic, which former President Donald Trump frequently called "the China virus," "the Wuhan virus," and the "Kung Flu."

The 1943 film "Japanese Relocation" tried to justify the government's decision to move people of Japanese ancestry from the West Coast to internment camps. (Video: U.S. Office of War Information)

Japanese internment during World War II

By the 1940s, tens of thousands of Japanese immigrants and Japanese Americans had built lives in the United States. After Japan bombed Pearl Harbor and the United States entered World War II, the U.S. government forced all of them into internment camps for the duration of the war over suspicions they might aid the enemy. Conditions in the camps were extreme, blazing hot in the summer and freezing cold in the winter. No spies were ever found. When they were freed, many returned to find their homes and businesses vandalized or confiscated. In 1988, survivors received a presidential apology and $20,000 each in reparations.

Secret use of census info helped send Japanese Americans to internment camps in WWII

Vietnamese shrimpers and the KKK

At the close of the Vietnam War, the United States resettled many Vietnamese fleeing the communists. In Texas, many of those immigrants took up shrimping. "We like the weather, we like the shrimping, we like a chance to start our own businesses," Nguyen Van Nam told The Washington Post in 1984. As they worked hard and began to dominate the industry, the trope of Asians coming to take White jobs returned, and this time it was wearing a white hood. Ku Klux Klan leader Louis Beam trained his members in commando-style attack s; they patrolled the waters in their regalia and set boats owned by Vietnamese people on fire.

The murder of Vincent Chin

Vincent Chin was out on the town. On June 19, 1982, the 27-year-old Chinese American was about to marry and was celebrating with friends in Detroit. Then two White men picked a bar fight, blaming Chin for "the Japanese" taking their auto-industry jobs. Outside the bar, the men beat Chin with a baseball bat. He died several days later. His assailants took a manslaughter plea bargain, which carried a possible sentence of 15 years. Instead, the judge gave the men probation and a $3,000 fine. The lenient sentence outraged and galvanized the Asian American community, helping to unite them across ethnic lines and work for civil rights.

The L.A. riots

Tensions had been building between the Black and Korean American communities in Los Angeles for years. Then came the April 29, 1992, acquittal of the police officers caught on camera beating Rodney King. As the city erupted in riots, Korean American businesses became targets; thousands were damaged during the unrest.

'Burn, baby, burn': What I saw as a black journalist covering the L.A. riots 25 years ago

9/11-inspired hatred

After the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, hate crimes spiked against Muslims and those perceived to be Muslim, including people of South Asian descent. Only four days after the attacks, aircraft mechanic Frank Silva Roque murdered Balbir Singh Sodhi, a Sikh American gas station owner originally from India, whom Roque mistook for Muslim. The post-9/11 period led to greater awareness and advocacy between the South and East Asian communities.
Read more: What one family's story reveals about reparations 'A Japanese Schindler': The remarkable diplomat who saved thousands of Jews during WWII Why you've never heard of the six Chinese men who survived the Titanic The U.S. hid Hiroshima's human suffering. Then John Hersey went to Japan. 'Cheap slaves': Trump, immigration and the ugly history of the Chinese Exclusion Act

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The long, ugly history of anti-Asian racism and violence in the U.S.

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Anti-Asian hate crimes have spiked 150 percent since the pandemic began, according to a recent study. But racism and violence against Asians has always come in waves throughout U.S. history.

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Black Lives Matter founders: We fought to change history and we won

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The founders of the Black Lives Matter movement tell the BBC’s 100 Women season they are optimistic.

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Listen to ‘1619,’ a Podcast From The New York Times (Published 2020)

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An audio series on how slavery has transformed America, connecting past and present through the oldest form of storytelling.

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Join us in building the most impactful home for true stories that honor the everyday lives of Asian American people - and pass the mic for everyone to represent their whole self.

Subscribe today on Apple Podcasts, Google Play, Pocket Casts, Radio Public, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you get podcasts.

We launched Self Evident in 2019 with a goal to build serious infrastructure for Asian Americans to become the authors of their own stories. We put tangible resources into the hands of under-served producers, reporters, filmmakers, and listeners from every corner of Asian America. And while crafting our own episodes for the podcast, we've done our best to also pass the mic to an inclusive range of contributing producers and guest hosts, working as a studio devoted to maximizing the impact of their voices.

As we move forward from our recently concluded third season, we're also growing this model for co-creation. Here are a few ways you can help us amplify the voices of people and communities whose stories are unfurling, in real life, right now:

"...a beautifully produced show that uses reported narratives, personal stories, and community conversations in order to present a complex, empathetic portrait of Asian American life. Since its launch in 2019, Self Evident has been unafraid to tackle thorny questions of identity and to carefully unpack the specific challenges faced by AAPI communities ... Soft and sharp at the same time, Self Evident is a must listen.

- Justine Goode, Vanity Fair

"...serves to interrogate, expand, and explore what it means to be Asian American, and before one even listens to the content, details about the show support a consistent idea - that many voices are needed to accomplish this task ... and the team has made room for them."

- Aria Bracci, Hot Pod Insider

"It's about time we had a show dedicated to Asian Americans who aren't celebrities."

"It's a big tent with room to examine many approaches to living in the U.S."

"I like that it's from a variety of voices instead of the traditional hosts talking about events format."

"Brought me to tears and drove me to action."

"After listening, my daughters shared personal stories and experiences with me that they've never spoken to me about before."

"It's not a static reporting show, but really dynamic ...I also love Cathy's warm/smart/trusting personality!"

"The editing is perfection. I can envision so well what's happening with the sound design. The stories also feel so relatable. They are stories about human existence with authentic emotions and experiences. It's so poetic as well."

"Covers so many different walks of life, like not just all of the asian diaspora, but old and young, all genders and sexualities, etc."

"I like that listeners are also guests of the show."

"There are not many podcasts that shed light on the everyday life and issues that Asians face."

"Asian American focus that really covers a lot of different communities instead of a narrow one."

"Real people, real issues"

"Up to par with NPR/NYT ... One of few podcasts that Asian Americans have put a lot of thought, intention, nuance, resources and research behind."

"Capitalism is openly discussed"

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We tell Asian America's stories to go beyond being seen. Join us in building the most impactful home for true stories that honor the everyday lives of Asian American people - and pass the mic for everyone to represent their authentic self.

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Just what is going on with white people? Police shootings of unarmed African Americans. Acts of domestic terrorism by white supremacists. The renewed embrace of raw, undisguised white-identity politics. Unending racial inequity in schools, housing, criminal justice, and hiring. Some of this feels new, but in truth it's an old story.

Why? Where did the notion of "whiteness" come from? What does it mean? What is whiteness for?

Scene on Radio host and producer John Biewen took a deep dive into these questions, along with an array of leading scholars and regular guest Dr. Chenjerai Kumanyika, in this fourteen-part documentary series, released between February and August 2017. The series editor is Loretta Williams.

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Just what is going on with white people? Police shootings of unarmed African Americans. Acts of domestic terrorism by white supremacists. The renewed embrace of raw, undisguised white-identity politics. Unending racial inequity in schools, housing, criminal justice, and hiring. Some of this feels ne

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What's CODE SWITCH? It's the fearless conversations about race that you've been waiting for. Hosted by journalists of color, our podcast tackles the subject of race with empathy and humor. We explore how race affects every part of society - from politics and pop culture to history, food and everything in between.

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Intersectionality Matters! is a podcast hosted by Kimberlé Crenshaw, an American civil rights advocate and a leading scholar of critical race theory.

Intersectionality Matters with Kimberlé Crenshaw's tracks

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Intersectionality Matters with Kimberlé Crenshaw

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Intersectionality Matters with Kimberlé Crenshaw

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Intersectionality Matters! is a podcast hosted by Kimberlé Crenshaw, an American civil rights advocate and a leading scholar of critical race theory.

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Introducing Resistance: Is It Too Revolutionary?

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Hey Uncivil listeners! We want to share a new show we think you’ll love, made by one of our producers. Resistance is a show about refusing to accept things as they are. Stories from the front lines of the movement for Black lives, told by the generation fighting for change. In this first episode, 22…

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About the Show

Asian Americans is a five-hour film series that will chronicle the contributions, and challenges of Asian Americans, the fastest-growing ethnic group in America. Personal histories and new academic research will cast a fresh lens on U.S. history and the role Asian Americans have played in it.

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The history of identity, contributions, and challenges experienced by Asian Americans.

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Skip to Main Content

Survey the full sweep of African-American history with Henry Louis Gates, Jr. More More

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This series chronicles the full sweep of African American history, from the origins of slavery on the African continent right up to today—when America has a black president, yet remains a nation deeply divided by race.

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The African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross | PBS

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Skip to Main Content Survey the full sweep of African-American history with Henry Louis Gates, Jr. More More Close This series chronicles the full sweep of African American history, from the origins of slavery on the African continent right up to today-when America has a black president, yet remains a nation deeply divided by race.

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In this thought-provoking documentary, scholars, activists and politicians analyze the criminalization of African Americans and the U.S. prison boom. Watch trailers & learn more.

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With unprecedented access to James Baldwin's original work, Raoul Peck completed a documentary film version of the novel Baldwin never finished-a radical narration about race in America that tracks the lives and assassinations of Baldwin's friends Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X and Medgar Evers.

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With unprecedented access to James Baldwin's original work, Raoul Peck completed a documentary film version of the novel Baldwin never finished-a radical narration about race in America that tracks the lives and assassinations of Baldwin's friends Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X and Medgar Evers.

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Bettina Love: Allyship to Co-Conspiratorship

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Bettina Love: Allyship to Co-Conspiratorship

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Bettina Love vividly explains the difference between allies and co-conspirators in the fight for justice.

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Bettina Love vividly explains the difference between allies and co-conspirators in the fight for justice.

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The Difference Between Being "Not Racist" and Antiracist

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The Difference Between Being "Not Racist" and Antiracist

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Ibram X. Kendi: The difference between being "not racist" and antiracist

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There is no such thing as being "not racist," says author and historian Ibram X. Kendi. In this vital conversation, he defines the transformative concept of antiracism to help us more clearly recognize, take responsibility for and reject prejudices in our public policies, workplaces and personal beliefs.

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Who We Are Stop AAPI Hate is a national coalition fighting against racism and racial injustice targeting Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders. Together, we work with local communities and government stakeholders to document the rise of anti-AAPI hate and dismantle the systems that allow it to persist.

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Preliminary Information

On the next page you'll be asked to select an Implicit Association Test (IAT) from a list of possible topics . We will also ask you (optionally) to report your attitudes or beliefs about these topics and provide some information about yourself.

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Note: This site is designed for adults, aged 18 or older.

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On the next page you'll be asked to select an Implicit Association Test (IAT) from a list of possible topics . We will also ask you (optionally) to report your attitudes or beliefs about these topics and provide some information about yourself.

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Check out our book, written by the Right To Be team, for you.

Order a copy of our first book, I've Got Your Back: The Indispensable Guide to Stopping Harassment When You See It by Emily May and Jorge Arteaga. I've Got Your Back will take you through the 5Ds of bystander intervention: Distract, Delegate, Document, Delay, and Direct, with each chapter diving deeply into how to put these 5Ds in action - whether you witness harassment in public, online, or at work.

I've Got Your Back is an invaluable resource in creating a new vision for our communities - one where we stand up for our neighbors, and our neighbors stand up for us.

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harassment training requirements by state

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Right To Be is empowering everyone to create a world without harassment and filled with humanity.

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EmbraceRace supports parents to raise children who are brave, informed and thoughtful about race. Join the movement!

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Tweets by protest_nyc

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The protests against police brutality and the unjust murders of Black and brown people - including George Floyd, Ma'Khia Bryant, Daunte Wright, Adam Toledo, Ahmaud Arbery, Breonna Taylor, David McAtee, Tony McDade, Robert Fuller, Dominique "Rem'mie" Fells, Maurice Gordon, Riah Milton, Malcolm Harsch, Elijah McClain, Rayshard Brooks, Oluwatoyin Salau, Kevin Peterson Jr., and Walter Wallace Jr. - have mobilized millions to take action toward dismantling both overtly and subtly racist norms and policies entrenched in American life. This action can take different forms, including (but not limited to) protesting, educating, listening, consciously shopping, and, of course, donating.

When it comes to the latter, over the past year, you've probably seen a lot of people donating to a lot of things. Here, we've compiled and vetted as many of those things as we could to create a guide for anyone with the means and interest in donating as a form of taking action today or every day. (To jump straight to the guide, click here.) It should go without saying that, while expansive, this guide is nowhere near complete and will be updated as we identify and vet new entities (or see others - like the Minnesota-based North Star Health Collective, Reclaim the Block, and Black Visions Collective - directing potential patrons elsewhere because they have all the money they need right now).

In addition to sourcing entities from lists already created by our sister sites the Cut and the Verge, this guide includes other funds, organizations, and individual activists we have vetted after seeing them on social media or in resource documents being widely shared (including this one, created by Reclaim the Block; this one, created by graduate students at the University of Washington's School of Public Health; this one, created by Margaret McCarron; this one, created by artist Annika Hansteen-Izora; this one, created by ThemsHealth, an Instagram wellness resource for the nonbinary community; and this one, created by writer and activist Indigo).

We've confirmed that any entity on this list is still taking donations at the time of publication and that those doing so less formally (like via Venmo or the Cash App) are providing receipts and/or are legitimate. If you want to donate to or read more about each entity, simply click on a name.

We have broken up the various ways to donate by how recipients promise to use any money received, whether that's to post bail or bonds for demonstrators arrested at protests, to invest in rebuilding Black communities where protests have occurred, or to invest in community-enrichment programs for Black and brown youth. While many of the entities on this list operate nationally, we have noted which operate on a state or local level in case you're looking to make more targeted contributions.

Victim funds | Bail funds | Megafunds | Community-restoration organizations | Community-enrichment organizations | Youth-oriented community organizations | Community organizations serving disabled Black, brown, and indigenous people | Policy-reform organizations | Political organizations | Police-reform organizations | Incarceration-reform organizations | Legal defense funds and organizations | Black LGBTQ funds | Black LGBTQ organizations | Media organizations | Mental-health organizations | Health-care funds and organizations

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168 Ways to Donate in Support of Black Lives and Communities of Color

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The protests against police brutality and the unjust murders of Black and brown people - including George Floyd, Ma'Khia Bryant, Daunte Wright, Adam Toledo, Ahmaud Arbery, Breonna Taylor, David McAtee, Tony McDade, Robert Fuller, Dominique "Rem'mie" Fells, Maurice Gordon, Riah Milton, Malcolm Harsch, Elijah McClain, Rayshard Brooks, Oluwatoyin Salau, Kevin Peterson Jr., and Walter Wallace Jr.

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Why should you donate?
A horrific and heartbreaking surge in violence against Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPI) is happening across the US. Too often, these attacks are ignored and underreported.

Together, it is our responsibility to condemn these violent acts and create lasting social change. We must amplify AAPI voices and find ways to uplift, empower, and protect the AAPI community.

The Support the AAPI Community Fund aims to do just that, addressing the urgent issues that face the AAPI community as well as broader, systemic problems. With the donations received through the Fund, GoFundMe.org will issue grants to trusted AAPI organizations working to rectify the racial inequalities in our society.

Who benefits from your donation?
Donations will support organizations that empower and uplift the AAPI community, with initiatives such as increased community safety and support for those affected by violence.

A cross-sectional advisory group of AAPI advocacy and activist leaders including APIAVote's Christine Chen, Define American's Jose Antonio Vargas, formerly BLD PWR's Lacy Lew Nguyen Wright, and Brad Jenkins of RUN AAPI; cultural leaders Phillip Lim, Gold House, and CAPE; the GoFundMe.org board, and the GoFundMe Trust and Safety teams are reviewing organizations to determine which ones will receive grants from the AAPI Community Fund. At this stage, the focus is on grassroots organizations, including, but not limited to organizations listed here.

We will continue to keep donors updated as we expand the reach of the Fund to include additional charities.

Find out more about how you can support AAPI communities.
Funds raised on this campaign will be managed by GoFundMe.org, an independent non-profit organization registered in the United States (EIN 81-2279757). Donors support the GoFundMe.org fund and GoFundMe.org then distributes donations to organizations that help those affected. Your donation is tax-deductible to the extent allowed by law.

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Support the AAPI Community Fund, organized by GoFundMe.org

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Why should you donate? A horrific and heartbreaking surge in violence against Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPI) is happening across the US. Too often, these attacks are ignored and underreported. Together, it is our responsibility to condemn these violent acts and create lasting social change.

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Age-by-Age Guide Talking to Kids About Race

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Age-by-Age Guide Talking to Kids About Race

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4. What evidence is there that discrimination against Asian-Americans and Pacific Islanders has grown during the pandemic? Why is it difficult to quantify incidences of harassment many Asian-Americans have experienced?

5. Some of the people arrested in attacks against Asian-Americans are Black, bringing complicated racial dynamics to the forefront. According to Lai Wa Wu, the policy and alliance director for the San Francisco-based Chinese Progressive Association, what perpetuates tensions among communities of color? In what ways have these communities also supported one another amid the pandemic and a national reckoning on race?

6. This article includes many ways in which people have tried to address anti-Asian discrimination. Identify at least two ways in which:

People have responded on an individual level.

People have responded on a community level (for example, in a specific neighborhood, city or state).

People have responded on a national level.

Which of these responses do you think might be the most effective in stopping violence, harassment and racism against Asian-Americans? Which, if any, might be the least effective in your opinion? Why?

7. In the video you watched in the warm up, Katherine Oung says, "It seems like since the start of the Coronavirus outbreak, schools have been a petri dish for racism. It's dangerous to normalize behavior like this for people my age." Do you agree with this statement? Why or why not? What connections can you make between the racially charged comments you might hear at school and the harassment and violence against Asian-Americans that you read about in the article?

There are many ways you can take action to address anti-Asian racism in your community. Choose one of the options below, depending on how you identify:

If you are Asian or Asian-American, you might first think about your own well-being. Create a tool kit that you can turn to if you experience harassment, discrimination or a hate incident. Here are some ideas for resources you might include in your tool kit:

"Whether you've been subjected to discrimination or not, simply hearing about the widespread xenophobia can affect your mental health," writes Brittany Wong in " Self-Care Tips For Asian Americans Dealing With Racism Amid Coronavirus " for HuffPost. How are you caring for your mental health during these stressful times? Read the article and add the self-care strategies you find most helpful, plus some of your own, to your tool kit.

Make a list of trusted teachers, administrators, coaches or family members to whom you feel comfortable reporting stereotyping, racially charged language, threats, violence or any other type of discrimination.

Include links to organizations that are tracking hate incidents. Reporting helps these groups call for policies and resources that can help address anti-Asian discrimination. Stop AAPI Hate and Asian Americans Advancing Justice are just two where you can share your story.

Then, you might consider the ways you can help your community. The article mentions that some are handing out pamphlets on how to report a hate crime, creating protest art, spreading awareness on social media, fund-raising and organizing volunteer initiatives. Which, if any, of these efforts might benefit your community? What other ideas can you come up with?

If you are not Asian or Asian-American, learn how to be an effective ally. Here are several sources that provide strategies for standing up for the Asian community:

Choose at least one of the strategies mentioned in any of these resources that you can commit to, such as educating yourself on the history of anti-Asian racism and xenophobia, intervening if you witness harassment, amplifying Asian and Asian-American voices on social media or supporting Asian-American businesses. Then, in a short paragraph, make a specific plan for how you will take action and explain why you think this strategy is effective and important.
Additional Teaching and Learning Opportunities

Analyze protest art. Look at the images in this article about a new public art series in New York City. What messages do you think the art is trying to communicate? How effective do you think this campaign is? Do you think art can be a form of activism? Why or why not?

Read two editorials written by student winners of our editorial contest: " Not American Yet" by Alexander J. Lee, 16, and " This Land Was Made for You and Me " by Nicole Tian, 15. What argument is each of these essays making? How do these articles relate to and build upon what you watched in the warm-up video and read in the featured article? How is it different reading about anti-Asian discrimination from a first-person perspective versus from the third-person perspective you read in the featured article?

Make connections to history. Learn more about anti-Asian discrimination in the PBS NewsHour article " The Long History of Racism Against Asian Americans in the U.S. " What connections can you make between history and what is happening today? What lessons can we learn?

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Lesson of the Day: A Rise in Attacks on Asian-Americans

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4. What evidence is there that discrimination against Asian-Americans and Pacific Islanders has grown during the pandemic? Why is it difficult to quantify incidences of harassment many Asian-Americans have experienced? 5. Some of the people arrested in attacks against Asian-Americans are Black, bringing complicated racial dynamics to the forefront.

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COVID 19 Anti-Bias Educational Resources

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COVID 19 Anti-Bias Educational Resources

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Teaching Your Child About Black History | Parenting Tips & Advice

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Introduce children to books and stories that reflect cultures and ethnicities and celebrate Black history and cultural diversity all year long.

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EmbraceRace supports parents to raise children who are brave, informed and thoughtful about race. Join the movement!

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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

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Our Priorities for 2024

Protecting Our Right to Vote

States have introduced hundreds of measures to restrict the right to vote. Our democracy must meet these challenges by adopting reforms that promote safe and accessible elections.

Quality Care for Black Americans

Over 10 million people have lost their Medicaid health coverage, with communities of color bearing the brunt of the impact. The federal government has the power to provide incentives and urge these state leaders to take the actions necessary to pause unwinding, and create an automated renewal process.

Fighting for Good Jobs

The NAACP is proud to continue standing in solidarity with our fellow advocates in the labor movement. As we continuously engage in conversations with corporations and Congressional members, one thing is clear - enacting a living, minimum wage nationwide is imperative.

Putting Black America First

The future of our democracy lies in America's forgotten corners. That's why the NAACP is working hard to recruit 300K volunteers across the country ahead of the 2024 presidential election.
- Derrick Johnson, President and CEO, NAACP

Driving Quality of Life through Data

NAACP and Brookings have partnered on The Black Progress Index, a new analysis of the places where Black people are thriving most, as measured through their life expectancy. In the spirit of W.E.B. Du Bois, we're working to provide insight into the local civic actions that can improve life expectancy outcomes.

WE NEED YOU IN THE FIGHT

Each and every NAACP member makes a difference to the complex, ongoing work of advancing racial equity. We have driven the hardest-fought wins for civil rights and social justice - with you by our side, we can accelerate the next milestones for Black Americans.

Join this multigenerational network of activists dismantling structural racism by using your power to take action on the most pressing issues of our time.
Join NAACP today

Years the NAACP has spent fighting against racism and discrimination in communities across the country

We tackle today's toughest challenges

Pause

NAACP is leading the fight for justice

Ensure that Black America continues to thrive
This year will be pivotal. When it comes to civil rights and social justice, we have the unique ability to secure more wins than anyone else. The issues that affect our community will make or break how we continue to thrive in this country. Together, let's amplify the voice of Black America to make sure solutions to our most pressing issues are equitable.

NAACP in your community One NAACP

We are advocates united in the fight to end racial inequality.

Our Priorities for 2024

Protecting Our Right to Vote

States have introduced hundreds of measures to restrict the right to vote. Our democracy must meet these challenges by adopting reforms that promote safe and accessible elections.

Quality Care for Black Americans

Over 10 million people have lost their Medicaid health coverage, with communities of color bearing the brunt of the impact. The federal government has the power to provide incentives and urge these state leaders to take the actions necessary to pause unwinding, and create an automated renewal process.

Fighting for Good Jobs

The NAACP is proud to continue standing in solidarity with our fellow advocates in the labor movement. As we continuously engage in conversations with corporations and Congressional members, one thing is clear - enacting a living, minimum wage nationwide is imperative.

Protecting Our Right to Vote

States have introduced hundreds of measures to restrict the right to vote. Our democracy must meet these challenges by adopting reforms that promote safe and accessible elections.

Quality Care for Black Americans

Over 10 million people have lost their Medicaid health coverage, with communities of color bearing the brunt of the impact. The federal government has the power to provide incentives and urge these state leaders to take the actions necessary to pause unwinding, and create an automated renewal process.

Fighting for Good Jobs

The NAACP is proud to continue standing in solidarity with our fellow advocates in the labor movement. As we continuously engage in conversations with corporations and Congressional members, one thing is clear - enacting a living, minimum wage nationwide is imperative.

Putting Black America First

The future of our democracy lies in America's forgotten corners. That's why the NAACP is working hard to recruit 300K volunteers across the country ahead of the 2024 presidential election.
- Derrick Johnson, President and CEO, NAACP

Driving Quality of Life through Data

NAACP and Brookings have partnered on The Black Progress Index, a new analysis of the places where Black people are thriving most, as measured through their life expectancy. In the spirit of W.E.B. Du Bois, we're working to provide insight into the local civic actions that can improve life expectancy outcomes.

WE NEED YOU IN THE FIGHT

Each and every NAACP member makes a difference to the complex, ongoing work of advancing racial equity. We have driven the hardest-fought wins for civil rights and social justice - with you by our side, we can accelerate the next milestones for Black Americans.

Join this multigenerational network of activists dismantling structural racism by using your power to take action on the most pressing issues of our time.
Join NAACP today

Years the NAACP has spent fighting against racism and discrimination in communities across the country

We tackle today's toughest challenges

Pause

30% likelihood of a Black person to be stopped without just cause than a white person

65% of Black adults have felt targeted because of their race

675k calls made by NAACP volunteers to Black voters in 2020

10 battleground states reached during 2020 election year

10X more income made by White families than Black families

80% higher mortgage denial rate for Blacks applicants than white applicants

32% of Black students lived in poverty in 2018

45% of Black students attended high-poverty schools in fall 2017

34% of COVID-19 deaths were among non-Hispanic Black people

3x Black women are three times more likely to die from pregnancy-related causes

68% of Black Americans live or have lived within 30 miles of a coal-fired power plant over the past several decades

60% of Black Americans live in communities with uncontrolled toxic waste sites

300k young people have participated in the NAACP ACT-SO Achievement Program

40+ years producing top Black talent through ACT-SO

NAACP in your community One NAACP

We are advocates united in the fight to end racial inequality.

All In For Democracy

The NAACP has the largest and most comprehensive civic engagement program for Black voters. We've been organizing and activating thousands of supporters and volunteers. With Super Tuesday behind us, we're all in to protect democracy - but we need your support. Join the fight now - donate today!

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NAACP builds Black political power to end structural racism. Let's put end to race-based discrimination together: become a member, advocate, or donate today.

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Empowering New York's Asian American Community Since 1989

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Racial Justice | American Civil Liberties Union

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The Racial Justice Program (RJP) fights to eradicate racial injustice in the U.S. and works to foster a society in which people of color and communities of color have full access to the rights and benefits of American society. Working with affected communities, RJP litigates, advocates, and educates…

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How to Practice Passive Active Love Towards Your Neighbors

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How to Practice Passive Active Love Towards Your Neighbors

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1. Support Local Asian American Business

Active love may take the form of financial support of local Asian American restaurants and other businesses affected by anti-Asian American racism. Chinese and other Asian restaurants have suffered financial losses as a result of misguided anti-Asian American Covid-19 fears. Ironically when Italy suffered from the virus, I heard of no reports of Italian restaurants being avoided in the US. Please consider supporting local businesses frequently, and let the owners know that you are in solidarity with them.

2. See Something, Say Something

Oftentimes we convince ourselves that by saying nothing we are being neutral, when in reality silence only helps the perpetrator and not the victim. Active gospel neighboring might also include courageously stepping in to intervene when racial bullying and violence occurs.

We should talk very intentionally and specifically with our children, who see and hear everything and learn by what we do and don't do. In our children's ministries and youth groups, we need to teach our children how to love their friends by not speaking negatively about, joking about, or teasing their Asian American classmates and peers online. We certainly need to teach them to speak up and report racism on social media. Talk to them about what it means to be complicit in our silence whenever we allow racism to occur unchecked from others. As Brazilian educator Paolo Freire said, "Washing one's hands of the conflict between the powerful and the powerless means to side with the powerful, not to be neutral."

3. Speak Up, Speak Out

If silence is no longer seen as neutrality, then it is time to speak up and speak out against racism. Racism is a sin. God hates sin and his children should address it. Many of us who are pro-life ought to intuitively understand what it means to fight for the rights of others as we remember that life extends beyond the womb. Loving our neighbors will mean lovingly speaking up against "others" who continue to express racist comments toward your Asian American neighbors.

It doesn't matter if our best friends are Asian American or if we have been to Asia or are currently involved in ministries in Asia. None of these reasons absolve us from the responsibility of speaking up and addressing racism. And none of these reasons give us special excuses to make negative comments or jokes at the expense of others.

4. Know That "Others" Are Right in Front of Us

Know that sometimes, oftentimes, the "others" might just be your own family, friends, congregation members, and church leaders. This will be the hardest challenge for many of us. We have heard the jokes and comments from family, friends, church members, and leaders our entire lives. We laughed with them, passed the jokes on ourselves, and it will feel impossible to start now without coming across as suddenly self-righteous. Assuming we passively loved by first engaging in self-reflection, the next step is simple. We must actively love those we've never loved by talking with those whom we have always loved.

It is time to be bold and honest. It is time to love our neighbors and be the salt and light of the world.

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How to Practice Passive and Active Love Toward your Asian American Neighbors - SOLA

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Alexander Jun Please love our Asian American neighbors. This is clearly required of all of God's children. He commands us to love. Jesus says to "love your neighbor as yourself" in Mark 12:31. Jesus also calls us to love our neighbors in the parable of the "Good Samaritan" in Matthew 22:36-39.

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exclusion and embrace: a theological exploration of identity

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reconciliation - religious aspects - christianity

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reconciliation - religious aspects - christianity

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christian theology; religion; salvation; evangelism; redemption; spiritual nature; embracing our enemies; tolerance; philosophy; bible teachings; gospel; gods word; reconciled to god; slavery; native americans; living in harmony; social constructs; jesus christ; contemporary theology; scripture; critical theory; feminist theory; religious pluralism; spiritual; gods plan; divine destiny; saints and sinners; discussion books

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Exclusion and Embrace: A Theological Exploration of Identity, Otherness, and Reconciliation

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Exclusion and Embrace: A Theological Exploration of Identity, Otherness, and Reconciliation [Volf, Miroslav] on Amazon.com. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Exclusion and Embrace: A Theological Exploration of Identity, Otherness, and Reconciliation

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prophetic lament: a call for justice in troubled times

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biblical commentary - old testament - general

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biblical studies - old testament - general

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lament; lamentations; justice; peace; racial reconciliation; urban ministry; privilege; power; triumphalism; western christianity; american christianity; evangelicalism; theology; suffering; suffer; pain; christian; god; bible; bible commentary; commentary on lamentations; book of lamentations; community; injustice; sin; corporate sin; today; current; issue; mourn; racisim; history; american history; struggle; congregation; bible study; old testament; grief; christian living; white awake; reconstructing the gospel

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religion / biblical commentary / old testament / general

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religion / christian living / social issues

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religion/biblical commentary - old testament - general

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religion/biblical studies - old testament - general

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religion/christian living - social issues

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religion / biblical commentary / old testament / general

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religion / christian living / social issues

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religion/biblical commentary - old testament - general

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religion/biblical studies - old testament - general

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religion/christian living - social issues

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Prophetic Lament: A Call for Justice in Troubled Times

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Prophetic Lament: A Call for Justice in Troubled Times - Kindle edition by Rah, Soong-Chan, McNeil, Brenda Salter. Download it once and read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading Prophetic Lament: A Call for Justice in Troubled Times.

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We are gathered here to mourn with one another, to grieve with one another, in your presence. Many of us have been troubled for a while now, Seeing faces, Asian, that look exactly like ours, Losing their personhood and becoming just another number, another footnote, To quantify racially motivated hate.
For so long, we have tried to "keep it together," For our elders whom we respect and love, For our youth whom we cherish and desire to protect, And for our peers - whom we need now more than ever. Yet we know that we just don't have the strength.
We feel "unseen," "forgotten," and even "cut off" from you. We wonder where you are, as we sit in silence Overwhelmed by the crushing reality of sin, and of death.
We mourn with the families who must forever live With the sight of an empty chair. We mourn with the local communities in Atlanta Who are both more angry, and more fearful. We mourn with the many young people here Who feel helpless and maybe distant from you.
So we, O Lord, cry out to You. You know exactly how each of us is suffering uniquely. Be near to us, as we lean on the intercession of your Holy Spirit, Who takes our tears, weeping, and pain we can't articulate, And turns it into prayer to You.
Comfort us, especially our sisters, With the sight of our Savior, Jesus Christ, dying unjustly on the cross, So that we could receive the gift of salvation, And freely live as your beloved children.
It is in Jesus' name that we pray, Amen.

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Heidi Wong Gracious God, we are gathered here to mourn with one another, to grieve with one another, in your presence.

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Since Redeemer's inception we have existed to be a church not for ourselves but one that seeks to help build a great city for all people through a movement of the gospel that brings personal conversion, community formation, social justice, and cultural renewal. Christians have been given the ministry of reconciliation (2 Cor. 5:16-21) as we look to the resurrected Jesus in faith. The current cultural moment grants us an opportunity to take a fearless look at our blind spots, publicly repent where we see we have failed to live up to our calling, and in turn work toward healing, restitution and reconciliation.
A pastoral letter on the gospel, race and the church, from Senior Pastor Abe Cho, Summer 2020
On Current Events

We are grieving. We deeply lament the rise in violence against the Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) community. We are saddened, and yes, angered, that our brothers and sisters and neighbors in the AAPI community feel fear and insecurity here in our city and across our nation. And so we turn to Scripture, which tells us that we are one body, and should have concern for each other. "If one part suffers, every part suffers with it." With that in mind, please join us for the following events as we pray and act:

Process grief and lament in solidarity with the AAPI community

Wednesday, April 7, 7-7:45 p.m.
A prayerful time to lament and process the recent racist attacks on the AAPI community. Led by lay leaders of our congregation and with special guest Jennifer Chan from Redeemer City to City.

A Conversation on Asian-Black Racism with Jordan Rice and Abe Cho

Wednesday, April 7, 8-9 p.m.
Pastors Jordan Rice (Renaissance Church) and Abe Cho (Redeemer East Side) shares a frank conversation as two friends about the racial tensions that exist between Black and Asian communities that often goes unaddressed, and how the gospel and the church are uniquely powerful resources for genuine truth, repentance, healing and reconciliation.

Open Table: Debriefing and Conversation on Asian-Black Racism
Wednesday, April 14, 7-8 p.m.
Join Zoom Meeting
Or dial: (646) 558-8656 with Meeting ID: 815 9216 6798 and Passcode: 211040

Do you want to talk or process with a pastor and others the current increased violence and attacks on the AAPI community or the conversation Pastor Abe and Pastor Jordan Rice on April 7? Come and join our Open Table to debrief and process further with others in community.

AAPI Prayer & Lament
Thursday, March 25, 2-3 p.m.
Watch recording
Our friends from Pray March Act invited our pastor to help lead an event called AAPI Prayer & Lament on Thursday, March 25 hosted on Facebook Live. This was a special time of unity and intercession.

General Resources

Here are some resources to get you started. Proverbs 27:17 tells us that "iron sharpens iron, so one sharpens another." Therefore, we encourage you to read, process and pray through these sources with others to grow together in pursuit of truth and unity in Christ.

Going Deeper

Which of the following statements do you most closely identify with?
I'm not sure why we're emphasizing this so much as a church. I didn't know racism was an issue but now I believe that it is.

Note: you will need to commit to learning.
I don't know what to do so I'm learning and listening.

"He who passively accepts evil is as much involved in it as he who helps to perpetrate it. He who accepts evil without protesting against it is really cooperating with it."
-MLK

I want to do something and go deeper. How do I actively become an agent of healing?

"If we are waiting to say all the right things or do the right things before we act, we probably won't act. We're gonna make a million mistakes in this, might as well get started."
-Pastor Alex Jun

This is my life. I'm a person of color.

Meditate: Psalm 34, Isaiah 66

Listen: I Can't Breathe, sermon by Pastor Charlie Dates

Book Recommendations: A Beautiful Community, by Dr. Irwin Ince

We're here to listen if you'd like to talk. Email or call Redeemer East Side Pastoral Staff at (212) 808-4460

"I have decided to stick with love. Hate is too much a burden to bear."
-MLK

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Since Redeemer's inception we have existed to be a church not for ourselves but one that seeks to help build a great city for all people through a movement of the gospel that brings personal conversion, community formation, social justice , and cultural renewal. Christians have been given the ministry of reconciliation (2 Cor.

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a guide to how you can support marginalized communities - cnn

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A guide to how you can support marginalized communities

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Being an ally is a constant process, and it can be tough to know where to start. Here are some ways that you can support marginalized communities.

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How to be an Anti-racist: Speak out in your own circles

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How to be an Anti-racist: Speak out in your own circles

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How to be anti-racist: Speak out in your own circles | CNN

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You can fight racism by being the change you want to see, understanding microaggressions, speaking up against racist remarks in your own circles and listening to your black friends.

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Latasha Morrison is a best-selling and award winning author, bridge-builder, reconciler, and a compelling voice in the fight for racial justice. In 2016, she founded Be the Bridge to equip ambassadors of racial reconciliation. This podcast is another step

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To educate and organize Christians for civic and cultural engagement that results in better representation, more just and compassionate policies and a healthier political culture.

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AND Campaign educates and organizes Christians for civic and cultural engagement that results in better representation, more just and compassionate policies and a healthier political culture.

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Bishop T.D. Jakes Presents: The Church and Race Featuring the Leading Voices of the Church

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Bishop T.D. Jakes Presents: The Church and Race Featuring the Leading Voices of the Church